Primary standard secondary standard

1. Mohammad Ali jauhar
University Rampur Uttar
Pradesh
Dilshad
B.Pharma
Primary standard
Or
Secondary standard

2. Primary standard:
A Primary standard is a compound of sufficient purity from
which a standard solutions can be prepared by direct
wehging of a quantity of it followed by dilution to given a
defined valume of solution the solution produced is than a
primary standard solutions.
A primary standard solutions should satisfy the
following requirement.
it must easy to obtained to
It should be pure
It should be prserve in a pure states
The substance should be unchangese ateral in air
during weighing should be substance should not be

3. The substance should not be hygroscopic oxidired
by air or affected by CO2
Hydrophilic - water doving
Hydrophobic - water hating
Hydroscopic - moisture loving water doving air
Loving.
The substance should be capable of being tested for
Impuritieo by qualitative methods or test.

4. Secondary Standard
A secondary standard is a for standard duration and whose
content of the active substance has been found by comparilen
againt a primary standard.
It follows that a secondary standard solution is a solution in
which the concentration of dissolve soute has not been
determined form the waight of the compound dissolved but by
reaction of a volume of the solution againt a measured valume
of a primary standard solution.
Eg.Pottasium parmagnet (KMno4) feris ammonium
sulphate(FeNH4)3 So4 .

5. Fundamental of volumetric analysis
It consist of determination of volume of solution of accurately
knon concentration required to react completely with the
solution of substance to the determined.
Standard solution:
The solution of accurately khown concentration is
called as the standard solution.
Fitrate:
The substance being titrated is called as titrate .

6. Titrant: The solution of khown concentration used in
titration (usually) aditel from burett)called
as titrant.
End Point. Paintcaty which the reaction between
(Equitation Point ) titrate and titrante
is just complets is called as end point .

7. Indicators : It is an auxiliary substance which shows clear
visol change after the reaction between titrate
and titrate is practically compilte.
Titration error:
A very small difference between theoritical end
point and actually usual end point usally
acourcce this is called as titrate error.

8. Method of experssing concentration
Concentration denotes the actual amount of substance present
in the medium (Solid liqid) is khown as concentration of a
solution.
It is a macroscopic propertic.
Represent the amount of sulphote dissolve in a unit of
amount of solvent or solution.