Effective strategies to prevent the big 3 - HTN, Diabetes and Cholesterol

1. PREVENTING THE BIG 3
HYPERTENSION, DIABETES,
CHOLESTEROL
Dolores Van Bourgondien, ANP-BC,
RN,MSN, BA, MA
October 2nd, 2013

2. Hypertension, Diabetes, Cholesterol
• Facts
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Cholesterol
• Prevention

3. Facts

4. Hypertension

5. Hypertension Facts
• 31.9 Percent of adults ages 20 and over with hypertension 1 in 3
• 38.9 Million - Number of visits to physician offices with hypertension as
primary diagnosis: Source:
• 3.6 Million - Number of visits to hospital outpatient departments with
hypertension as primary diagnosis
• More than 348,000 American deaths in 2009 included high blood
pressure as a primary or contributing cause
• 69% of people who have a first heart attack, 77% of people who have a
first stroke, and 74% of people with chronic heart failure have high blood
pressure.3 High blood pressure is also a major risk factor for kidney
disease.
• High blood pressure costs the nation $47.5 billion annually in direct
medical expenses and $3.5 billion each year in lost productivity.
•

6. Hypertension Facts
About half (47%) of people with high blood pressure have their
condition under control
Almost 30% of American adults have prehypertension—blood
pressure numbers that are higher than normal, but not yet in
the high blood pressure range.3 Prehypertension raises your
risk of developing high blood pressure.
Reducing average population sodium intake from 3,300 mg to
2,300 mg per day may reduce cases of high blood pressure by
11 million and save 18 billion health care dollars annually.5

7. Hypertension Facts

8. Diabetes

9. Diabetes Facts
• 25.8 million Americans have diabetes — 8.3 percent of the U.S.
population. Of these, 7 million do not know they have the disease.
• In 2010, about 1.9 million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed
with diabetes.
• The number of people diagnosed with diabetes has risen from 1.5
million in 1958 to 18.8 million in 2010, an increase of epidemic
proportions.
• It is estimated that 79 million adults aged 20 and older have
prediabetes. Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels
are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes.
Studies have shown that by losing weight and increasing physical
activity people can prevent or delay prediabetes from progressing to
diabetes.

10. Diabetes Facts
• Type 1 - (previously called insulin-dependent or juvenile-
onset) diabetes accounts for approximately 5 percent of
all diagnosed cases of diabetes in adults.
• Type 2 - (previously called non-insulin-dependent or
adult-onset) diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all
diagnosed cases of diabetes in adults. Type 2 diabetes is
increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents.
• Gestational - occurs in 2 to 10 percent of pregnancies.
Women who have had gestational diabetes have a 35 to
60 percent chance of developing diabetes, mostly type 2,
in the next 10 to 20 years.

11. Diabetes Facts
• Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed on
U.S. death certificates.
• Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death
among people with diabetes — about 68 percent die of
heart disease or stroke.
• The overall risk for death among people with diabetes is
about double that of people without diabetes.
• Total health care and related costs for the treatment of
diabetes run about $174 billion annually.
• Of this total, direct medical costs (e.g., hospitalizations,
medical care, treatment supplies) account for about $116
billion.
• The other $58 billion covers indirect costs such as
disability payments, time lost from work, and premature
death..

12. Diabetes Facts

13. Cholesterol

14. Cholesterol Facts
• 71 million American adults (33.5%) have high LDL, or
“bad,” cholesterol
• Only 1 out of every 3 adults with high LDL cholesterol has
the condition under control
• Less than half of adults with high LDL cholesterol get
treatment
• People with high total cholesterol have approximately
twice the risk of heart disease as people with optimal
levels. A desirable level is lower than 200 mg/dL.
• The average total cholesterol level for adult Americans is
about 200 mg/dL, which is borderline high risk.2

15. Cholesterol Facts
• The percentage of American adults with high total
cholesterol has decreased from 18.3% to 13.4%.
• The percentage of American adults with high LDL
cholesterol has remained around 34% over the past
decade, but treatment of high LDL cholesterol has
increased from 28.4% in 1999–2002 to 48.1% in 2005–
2008.1
• Cholesterol Check once every 5 Years
• During 2009–2010, 68% of Americans age 20 and over
reported that they had their cholesterol checked within
the previous five years. Less than half (49.7%) of Hispanic
men were screened for high cholesterol in the previous
five years.
• In 2009, 96 million visits to doctors' offices (9.2% of all
visits) included a cholesterol test

16. Cholesterol Facts – Know your
numbers

17. Cholesterol Facts – Know your Food
• Shellfish
• Processed Foods
• Animal Products
• Egg Yolk
• Caviar
• Butter
• Cheese

18. Metabolic
Syndrome

19. What is Metabolic Syndrome
• Cluster of Symptoms that raise your risk for heart disease
and other health problems
• Waist Circumference greater than 35 Inches in females 41
Inches in Male
• Obesity – BMI greater than 31
• Apple Shaped
• Abdominal Fat
• Elevated triglycerides
• Low LDL
• Hypertension
• High Blood Sugar

20. What is Metabolic Syndrome

21. PREVENTION

22. Prevention
• Therapeutic Lifestyle
Changes
• Eat Right
• Exercise
• Weight Loss
• Stress Reduction
• Sleep Well

23. Prevention
• Eat Right
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Low Fat
• Decrease animal fats
• Whole Grain
• High Fiber

24. Prevention
• Exercise
• 150 Minutes per week
• 20+ Minutes per day
• Mix of Cardio and
Strength
• Promotes weight loss
• Decreases Stress

25. Prevention
• Weight Loss
• Reduces risk for heart
disease
• Reduces risk for
Diabetes

26. Prevention
• Stress Reduction
• Exercise helps shed
weight
• Meditation decreases
cortisol levels

27. Prevention
• Sleep

28. Take home points
• Prevention is better than cure
• America's health care system is in crisis
precisely because we systematically neglect
wellness and prevention.
• Prevention is one of the few known ways to
reduce demand for health and aged care
services.
• Diet, exercise, are known to prevent

29. QUESTIONS?

31. APPENDIX