Presidential Order, 1960
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The Presidential order from 1960 outlines the plan to transition Hindi as the principal official language of India while continuing the use of English. Some key points include: 1) Regional languages would be given more importance over time while English would remain the principal official language until 1965, after which Hindi would become principal and English would become subsidiary. 2) Hindi's propagation and development would continue according to the Constitution, and terminology would be prepared to be clear, precise and simple while adapting from Indian languages. 3) Translations between languages would aim to maintain uniform terminology as much as possible. 4) The Union Government would implement a plan to progressively increase the use of Hindi as the official language while continuing to allow English
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Corpus is a large collection of homogeneous and authentic written texts (or speech) of a particular natural language which exists in machine readable form. The scope of the corpus is endless in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Parallel corpus is a very useful resource for most of the applications of NLP, especially for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The SMT is the most popular approach of Machine Translation (MT) nowadays and it can produce high quality translation result based on huge amount of aligned parallel text corpora in both the source and target languages. Although Bodo is a recognized natural language of India and co-official languages of Assam, still the machine readable information of Bodo language is very low. Therefore, to expand the computerized information of the language, English to Bodo SMT system has been developed. But this paper mainly focuses on building English-Bodo parallel text corpora to implement the English to Bodo SMT system using Phrase-Based SMT approach. We have designed an E-BPTC (English-Bodo Parallel Text Corpus) creator tool and have been constructed General and Newspaper domains English-Bodo parallel text corpora. Finally, the quality of the constructed parallel text corpora has been tested using two evaluation techniques in the SMT system.
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...
Corpus is a large collection of homogeneous and authentic written texts (or speech) of a particular natural language which exists in machine readable form. The scope of the corpus is endless in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Parallel corpus is a very useful resource for most of the applications of NLP, especially for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The SMT is the most popular approach of Machine Translation (MT) nowadays and it can produce high quality translation
result based on huge amount of aligned parallel text corpora in both the source and target languages.
Although Bodo is a recognized natural language of India and co-official languages of Assam, still the
machine readable information of Bodo language is very low. Therefore, to expand the computerized
information of the language, English to Bodo SMT system has been developed. But this paper mainly
focuses on building English-Bodo parallel text corpora to implement the English to Bodo SMT system using
Phrase-Based SMT approach. We have designed an E-BPTC (English-Bodo Parallel Text Corpus) creator
tool and have been constructed General and Newspaper domains English-Bodo parallel text corpora.
Finally, the quality of the constructed parallel text corpora has been tested using two evaluation techniques
in the SMT system.
Python as the third language talk proposal
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Similar to Presidential Order, 1960 (14)
Language policy as specified in indian constitution
Language policy as specified in indian constitution
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...
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Article 344
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Presidential Order, 1960
- 1. Presidential order, 1960 In relation to the official language
- 2. Introduction • The report of the Official Language Commission, 1955 was considered by the Committee of the parliament as mentioned under article 344 (4) of the Constitution of India. • The President of India after considering the Report of the Committee issued Presidential order on 27th April, 1969 in exercise of the powers conferred on him by article 344(6). • On April 27, 1960 the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a notification.
- 3. The silent features of the order are as follows: 1) Regional languages be given rightful place in due course. 2) English should continue as the principal official language tll, 1965 and after 1965 as the subsidiary official language, whereas Hindi will function as the principal official language. It provides continued use of English indefinitely. 3) Propagation and all-round development of Hindi language be made in accordance with the provisions of Article 351. 4) Terminology be prepared on the principles of clarity, precision and simplicity as far as possible adapting words from all the Indian languages.
- 4. Conti... 5) Translations be made by maintaining maximum possible uniformity in terminology in al the Indian languages. 6) Training in Hindi in service may be made obligatory for Central Government employces who are aged less than 45 years. Facilities for Hindi training may continue to be provided free of costs to the trainees. 7) Local offices of the Central Government Departments should use Hindi/ Regional languages for their internal working. 8) English may continue as the medium of instruction for training establishment such as the National Defence Academy but suitable steps may be taken to introduce Hindi for the same.
- 5. Conti... 9) English may continue to be the medium of examination and Hindi may be admitted as an alternative medium after some years in recruitment to All India Services and Higher Central Services. Feasibility of introducing regional languages may also be considered. 10) Devanagari numerals along with the international numerals be adopted. 11) Parliamentary legislation should be provided into Hindi.
- 6. Conti... 12) English should continue as the language of the Supreme Court, Hindi eventually should be the language of this Court when the time comes for changeover. So far as the language of the High Court is concerned, when the time for the changeover arrives, optional use of Hindi/ Official language of State be recommended provided previous consent of the President is obtained. 13) Hindi legal lexicon be prepared with the help of legal experts and experts of national languages by constituting a standing Commission. 14) The Union Government should prepare and implement a plan of action for the progressive use of Hindi as the Official language of the Union. English will continue as additional language for all purposes.
- 7. Thank You