Unobstructed heritage
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•866 views
The document discusses the concept of unobstructed heritage under Mitakshara law. Unobstructed heritage means that sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons acquire inheritance rights in ancestral property by birth alone. Their rights are not obstructed by the existence of the property's owner. Only for sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons is ancestral property considered unobstructed heritage. All other relatives have only obstructed heritage, meaning the owner being alive prevents them from having interests in his property.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Delegated legislation
Permissible and impermissible delegated legislation
Pre constitutional and post constitutional position
Delegated legislation
The document discusses delegated legislation in India. It defines delegated legislation as the exercise of legislative power by a subordinate agency. It is used to relieve pressure on the legislature's time so it can focus on policy formulation. In India, rules, regulations, orders, notifications and bye-laws are examples of delegated legislation. The growth of delegated legislation can be attributed to factors like the pressure on parliamentary time due to expanding state activities, technical nature of subjects requiring expert assistance, need for flexibility to address unforeseen situations, enabling experimentation, and need for quick action in emergencies.
Elements of Crime and its application in IPC
This ppt gives a structured answer as to the elements of crime and its application in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. It describes how the different sections of IPC are based on the 4 elements of crime i.e. human being, mens rea, actus reus and injury along with cases.
Application and relevance of rule against perpetuity
The document discusses the rule against perpetuity under Section 14 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 in India. It defines perpetuity as an indefinite period and explains that the rule prohibits the creation of future remote property interests that may vest after the lifetime of the last preceding interest holder or beyond the minority of the ultimate beneficiary. The objective of the rule is to prevent property from being tied up indefinitely and ensure the free and active circulation of property for trade, commerce, and societal benefit. The document outlines exceptions to the rule such as transfers for public benefit, covenants of redemption, personal agreements, pre-emption, perpetual leases, and mortgages. It concludes that the rule against perpetuity aims to prevent
Rule of law
The document discusses the concept of rule of law. It was first expounded by Edward Coke and further developed by A.V. Dicey. According to Dicey, rule of law means the supremacy of regular law over arbitrary power. It includes three principles - supremacy of law, equality before law, and predominance of legal spirit. The rule of law is the fundamental principle that governmental authority should only be exercised according to established written law and that no person is above the law. It aims to safeguard against arbitrary governance and protect individual rights and freedoms. The Indian constitution also incorporates the principle of rule of law.
Possession jurisprudence
jurisprudence topic possession detailed ppt which help to learn this topic easily by a minimum time by any person who study law. person easily download this ppt to read and to teach also.
Mischief rule
The mischief rule is used to determine the intention of Parliament when enacting legislation. It looks at the problem or defect that the law was meant to address, known as the "mischief." Heydon's Case established four questions to determine the mischief: 1) what was the common law prior to the Act, 2) what issue was the common law not addressing, 3) how does the Act aim to remedy this, and 4) what was the purpose of the remedy. Later cases like Smith v Hughes and Elliott v Grey applied the mischief rule broadly to find defendants guilty in order to suppress the mischief, even when a literal reading may have found otherwise. The mischief rule aims to achieve Parliament's intent but
Remoteness of damage
- Causation in law requires that damage be both factually caused by the defendant's actions, as well as not being too remote or unforeseeable.
- The case of Wagon Mound established that defendants are only liable for foreseeable consequences of their actions. While the oil spill was foreseeably damaging, the subsequent fire was too remote.
- Remoteness looks at whether the type of damage, not just its form, was reasonably foreseeable. Cases like Bradford v Robinson and Hughes v Lord Advocate found liability even for unusual forms of foreseeable injury types.
Recommended
Delegated legislation
Permissible and impermissible delegated legislation
Pre constitutional and post constitutional position
Delegated legislation
The document discusses delegated legislation in India. It defines delegated legislation as the exercise of legislative power by a subordinate agency. It is used to relieve pressure on the legislature's time so it can focus on policy formulation. In India, rules, regulations, orders, notifications and bye-laws are examples of delegated legislation. The growth of delegated legislation can be attributed to factors like the pressure on parliamentary time due to expanding state activities, technical nature of subjects requiring expert assistance, need for flexibility to address unforeseen situations, enabling experimentation, and need for quick action in emergencies.
Elements of Crime and its application in IPC
This ppt gives a structured answer as to the elements of crime and its application in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. It describes how the different sections of IPC are based on the 4 elements of crime i.e. human being, mens rea, actus reus and injury along with cases.
Application and relevance of rule against perpetuity
The document discusses the rule against perpetuity under Section 14 of the Transfer of Property Act 1882 in India. It defines perpetuity as an indefinite period and explains that the rule prohibits the creation of future remote property interests that may vest after the lifetime of the last preceding interest holder or beyond the minority of the ultimate beneficiary. The objective of the rule is to prevent property from being tied up indefinitely and ensure the free and active circulation of property for trade, commerce, and societal benefit. The document outlines exceptions to the rule such as transfers for public benefit, covenants of redemption, personal agreements, pre-emption, perpetual leases, and mortgages. It concludes that the rule against perpetuity aims to prevent
Rule of law
The document discusses the concept of rule of law. It was first expounded by Edward Coke and further developed by A.V. Dicey. According to Dicey, rule of law means the supremacy of regular law over arbitrary power. It includes three principles - supremacy of law, equality before law, and predominance of legal spirit. The rule of law is the fundamental principle that governmental authority should only be exercised according to established written law and that no person is above the law. It aims to safeguard against arbitrary governance and protect individual rights and freedoms. The Indian constitution also incorporates the principle of rule of law.
Possession jurisprudence
jurisprudence topic possession detailed ppt which help to learn this topic easily by a minimum time by any person who study law. person easily download this ppt to read and to teach also.
Mischief rule
The mischief rule is used to determine the intention of Parliament when enacting legislation. It looks at the problem or defect that the law was meant to address, known as the "mischief." Heydon's Case established four questions to determine the mischief: 1) what was the common law prior to the Act, 2) what issue was the common law not addressing, 3) how does the Act aim to remedy this, and 4) what was the purpose of the remedy. Later cases like Smith v Hughes and Elliott v Grey applied the mischief rule broadly to find defendants guilty in order to suppress the mischief, even when a literal reading may have found otherwise. The mischief rule aims to achieve Parliament's intent but
Remoteness of damage
- Causation in law requires that damage be both factually caused by the defendant's actions, as well as not being too remote or unforeseeable.
- The case of Wagon Mound established that defendants are only liable for foreseeable consequences of their actions. While the oil spill was foreseeably damaging, the subsequent fire was too remote.
- Remoteness looks at whether the type of damage, not just its form, was reasonably foreseeable. Cases like Bradford v Robinson and Hughes v Lord Advocate found liability even for unusual forms of foreseeable injury types.
Schools of muslim law
The document summarizes the main schools of Muslim law. It begins by explaining that after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, two views emerged on succession: the Sunni view supporting election and the Shia view supporting inheritance by relatives. This led to the formation of the two main schools - Sunni and Shia.
The Sunni school is then divided into four sub-schools founded in different regions: Hanafi in Iraq, Maliki in Medina, Shafi'i in Egypt, and Hanbali in Saudi Arabia. The Shia school was founded by Imam Jafar as Sadik and is divided into Ismailis, Athna Asharis, and Zaidis. Each school's
Bentham’s theory of law
Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who developed a theory of law known as legal positivism. He believed that law is defined by the rules enacted by a sovereign authority, rather than being based on morality or natural law. Bentham's theory was based on the principle of utility, which holds that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness or pleasure and prevent unhappiness or pain. He developed a "hedonic calculus" to measure pleasure and pain in order to determine the moral rightness of actions and laws. Bentham's theory emphasized individualism and argued that the proper aim of legislation is to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people according to the principle of utility.
Maintenance under CrPC
The Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 provides for the provisions for maintenance. The provisions enumerated under the code are explained herein the slides along with the remedies available for maintenance and against maintenance.
CONTEMPT OF THE COURT
This document provides an index and overview of a report on the law of contempt of court in India. It begins with definitions of "contempt" from legal dictionaries and a history of contempt of court in England and India. It then outlines the legal provisions related to contempt of court in the Indian Constitution and the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971. The Act defines civil and criminal contempt and establishes exceptions and limitations. It discusses the powers and procedures of the Supreme Court and high courts to try contempt cases.
Will-Wasiyat under Islamic law
The present slides relate to the concept of Wasiyat under Islamic law. Useful for Law students and Professionals.
Analytical school of Jurisprudence
This document summarizes John Austin's analytical positivism school of jurisprudence. It outlines that Austin viewed law as the command of the sovereign, with three key aspects: 1) commands are general rules for a community backed by sanctions, 2) a sovereign is the ultimate human source of law, and 3) law and morality are separate, with law defined by its coercive power rather than moral content. The document also notes chief legal philosophers of this school and some criticisms of Austin's theory.
Appeal as mentioned in Criminal Procedure Code
This document discusses the process of appeals in the Indian legal system. It outlines that appeal is a complaint to a higher court regarding an injustice or error committed by a lower court. There can only be a right to appeal if expressly provided by law. It then discusses the different levels and types of appeals, including appeals to the Supreme Court, High Court, and Court of Session. It also describes the procedures that must be followed for appeals, such as attaching a copy of the lower court's judgment. The appellate court has powers to dismiss appeals summarily if there is no sufficient ground, or to obtain further evidence and alter or reverse the lower court's decision.
Succession law
This document provides contact information for various offices of a law firm called Altacit located in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, and Cochin. It then provides information on succession law in India, including an overview of the Indian Succession Act of 1925, testamentary versus intestate succession, applicability to communities, definitions of a will, essential features of a will, persons competent to make a will, the role and appointment of executors, execution of a will including the probate process, and related topics.
Possession & OWNERSHIP.pptx
Possession and ownership are complex legal concepts with diverse meanings depending on context. Possession has two elements - corpus (physical control) and animus (intention to control). It can be classified as possession in fact (physical relationship to an object) or possession in law (legal rights over an object). Ownership confers indefinite rights to use and dispose of property and is the legal relationship to property rights. Ownership can be acquired originally over unowned objects or derivatively through transfer. It includes corporeal ownership of physical objects and incorporeal ownership of rights. Possession and ownership are legally distinct concepts, though possession demonstrates ownership in practice.
muslim law
Muslim women have certain rights to maintenance from their husbands under Islamic law. Marriage in Islam is intended to fulfill religious duties as well as for emotional and sexual needs. A wife has a right to interim and permanent maintenance if she refuses her husband access for legal reasons, due to a prenuptial agreement, or if she lives separately due to cruel treatment or non-payment of dowry. This was demonstrated in the 1985 Indian Supreme Court case of Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, which placed Muslim women's rights to maintenance on equal footing with Hindu women's rights.
Commission order 26
The document discusses the provisions related to commissions under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) in Bangladesh. It summarizes the key powers of courts to issue commissions, the purposes for which commissions can be issued (e.g. to examine witnesses or conduct a local investigation), and the procedures involved as outlined in Order 26 of the CPC. These include rules regarding who can be examined via commission, the process for commissioners to conduct investigations and submit reports, and the evidentiary value of commissioners' reports.
Dower
The document discusses the concept of dower or mehr in Islamic marriages. It defines dower as property or money that the husband promises to pay the wife upon marriage. Dower can be prompt (payable immediately) or deferred (payable later, such as upon divorce or the husband's death). The document outlines different types of dower under Islamic law - specified dower where an amount is agreed upon, and customary dower where no amount is specified and it is based on local customs. It also discusses rules around payment of dower and the wife's ability to claim it.
Historical school of jurisprudence
The document summarizes the key concepts of the historical school of jurisprudence. It discusses that historical jurists like Montesquieu, Savigny, and Maine believed that law develops organically over time based on the customs and traditions of the people, rather than being created through legislation or judicial decisions. Savigny's concept of "Volksgeist" described law as emerging from the shared spirit or values of the national community. The historical school rejected theories of natural law and viewed law as continually evolving according to the changing needs and norms of society.
Joint hindu family
1) A Hindu joint family consists of a common male ancestor, his lineal male descendants, their wives and unmarried daughters. It is presumed that every Hindu family is joint.
2) The family is represented by its head or Karta. Membership can only be acquired through birth, adoption or marriage. Daughters have also become coparceners since 2005.
3) A coparcenary is a narrow body within the joint family consisting of the father and up to three main lineal descendants. Coparcenary rights are acquired only by birth or adoption, not agreement.
Meaning and Essentials of Doctrine of Election
The ppt consists of meaning of the doctrine with example. A detailed understanding of the principle has been included along with many case laws. The essentials have been mentioned which will validate the act of parties.
Specific relief act.ppt
he Specific Relief Act, 1963 is an Act of the Parliament of India which provides remedies for persons whose civil or contractual rights have been violated. It replaced an earlier Act of 1877. The following kinds of remedies may be granted by a court under the provisions of the Specific Relief Act:
Recovery of possession of property
Specific performance of contracts
Rectification of instruments
Rescission of contracts
Cancellation of Instruments
Declaratory decrees
Injunction
Harmonius construction
The rule of harmonious construction provides that when two or more statutes or parts of a statute conflict, they should be interpreted in a way that harmonizes them and gives effect to both. The interpretation that avoids inconsistencies or repugnancy between provisions and makes the statute consistent as a whole should be adopted. If provisions cannot be completely reconciled, they must be interpreted to give effect to both as much as possible without reducing any provision to useless or dead letter. The rule aims to avoid head-on clashes and inconsistencies between different parts of a statute.
Delegated legislation
There are three main types of delegated legislation: bylaws made by local councils, statutory instruments made by government departments, and Orders in Council made by the Privy Council. Parliament delegates some of its lawmaking power through enabling acts because it does not have time or expertise to pass all necessary laws itself. Delegated legislation is subject to general supervision through the enabling act and requirement for consultation, publication, and parliamentary and court oversight through judicial review. It allows laws to be made more quickly and flexibly by experts but is also criticized as being undemocratic with reduced transparency and scrutiny compared to laws passed by Parliament.
Hindu joint family
The document discusses the Hindu joint family system and the role of the Karta. It notes that a Hindu joint family includes relatives descended from a common ancestor who are tied together by kinship and marriage. The Karta acts as the manager and head of the joint family, taking responsibility for expenses, protecting family properties, and representing the family. Generally the senior most male member is considered the Karta, though in some situations a female or junior male can take on the role. The Karta has broad powers to manage family affairs and property but also responsibilities like maintaining family members and accounting for family finances when the family is partitioned.
Indian limitation act 1963
This explain object of Indian Limitation Act 1963. It define limitation. Explains how limitation is computed, what is effect of death, acknowledgement and prescription.
Pol sci saarc
SAARC is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in South Asia. It has 8 member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. SAARC aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development through cooperation in areas like agriculture, education, and transportation. However, SAARC has struggled to achieve many of its objectives due to political tensions between members like India and Pakistan, as well as a policy of non-interference that limits its ability to address disputes. While agreements like SAFTA aim to boost regional trade, their success in implementation has been limited. Overall, SAARC has had modest achievements but geopol
IPC sec 335, 336
Sections 335 and 336 of the Indian Penal Code address offenses related to causing hurt. Section 335 discusses voluntarily causing grievous hurt during provocation, punishable by up to 4 years imprisonment, a fine of up to 2,000 rupees, or both. Section 336 involves endangering human life or safety through rash or negligent acts, punishable by up to 3 months imprisonment, a fine of up to 250 rupees, or both. Both sections are cognizable, bailable offenses triable by a Magistrate, with Section 335 being compoundable and Section 336 being non-compoundable.
More Related Content
What's hot
Schools of muslim law
The document summarizes the main schools of Muslim law. It begins by explaining that after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, two views emerged on succession: the Sunni view supporting election and the Shia view supporting inheritance by relatives. This led to the formation of the two main schools - Sunni and Shia.
The Sunni school is then divided into four sub-schools founded in different regions: Hanafi in Iraq, Maliki in Medina, Shafi'i in Egypt, and Hanbali in Saudi Arabia. The Shia school was founded by Imam Jafar as Sadik and is divided into Ismailis, Athna Asharis, and Zaidis. Each school's
Bentham’s theory of law
Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who developed a theory of law known as legal positivism. He believed that law is defined by the rules enacted by a sovereign authority, rather than being based on morality or natural law. Bentham's theory was based on the principle of utility, which holds that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness or pleasure and prevent unhappiness or pain. He developed a "hedonic calculus" to measure pleasure and pain in order to determine the moral rightness of actions and laws. Bentham's theory emphasized individualism and argued that the proper aim of legislation is to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people according to the principle of utility.
Maintenance under CrPC
The Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 provides for the provisions for maintenance. The provisions enumerated under the code are explained herein the slides along with the remedies available for maintenance and against maintenance.
CONTEMPT OF THE COURT
This document provides an index and overview of a report on the law of contempt of court in India. It begins with definitions of "contempt" from legal dictionaries and a history of contempt of court in England and India. It then outlines the legal provisions related to contempt of court in the Indian Constitution and the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971. The Act defines civil and criminal contempt and establishes exceptions and limitations. It discusses the powers and procedures of the Supreme Court and high courts to try contempt cases.
Will-Wasiyat under Islamic law
The present slides relate to the concept of Wasiyat under Islamic law. Useful for Law students and Professionals.
Analytical school of Jurisprudence
This document summarizes John Austin's analytical positivism school of jurisprudence. It outlines that Austin viewed law as the command of the sovereign, with three key aspects: 1) commands are general rules for a community backed by sanctions, 2) a sovereign is the ultimate human source of law, and 3) law and morality are separate, with law defined by its coercive power rather than moral content. The document also notes chief legal philosophers of this school and some criticisms of Austin's theory.
Appeal as mentioned in Criminal Procedure Code
This document discusses the process of appeals in the Indian legal system. It outlines that appeal is a complaint to a higher court regarding an injustice or error committed by a lower court. There can only be a right to appeal if expressly provided by law. It then discusses the different levels and types of appeals, including appeals to the Supreme Court, High Court, and Court of Session. It also describes the procedures that must be followed for appeals, such as attaching a copy of the lower court's judgment. The appellate court has powers to dismiss appeals summarily if there is no sufficient ground, or to obtain further evidence and alter or reverse the lower court's decision.
Succession law
This document provides contact information for various offices of a law firm called Altacit located in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, and Cochin. It then provides information on succession law in India, including an overview of the Indian Succession Act of 1925, testamentary versus intestate succession, applicability to communities, definitions of a will, essential features of a will, persons competent to make a will, the role and appointment of executors, execution of a will including the probate process, and related topics.
Possession & OWNERSHIP.pptx
Possession and ownership are complex legal concepts with diverse meanings depending on context. Possession has two elements - corpus (physical control) and animus (intention to control). It can be classified as possession in fact (physical relationship to an object) or possession in law (legal rights over an object). Ownership confers indefinite rights to use and dispose of property and is the legal relationship to property rights. Ownership can be acquired originally over unowned objects or derivatively through transfer. It includes corporeal ownership of physical objects and incorporeal ownership of rights. Possession and ownership are legally distinct concepts, though possession demonstrates ownership in practice.
muslim law
Muslim women have certain rights to maintenance from their husbands under Islamic law. Marriage in Islam is intended to fulfill religious duties as well as for emotional and sexual needs. A wife has a right to interim and permanent maintenance if she refuses her husband access for legal reasons, due to a prenuptial agreement, or if she lives separately due to cruel treatment or non-payment of dowry. This was demonstrated in the 1985 Indian Supreme Court case of Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, which placed Muslim women's rights to maintenance on equal footing with Hindu women's rights.
Commission order 26
The document discusses the provisions related to commissions under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) in Bangladesh. It summarizes the key powers of courts to issue commissions, the purposes for which commissions can be issued (e.g. to examine witnesses or conduct a local investigation), and the procedures involved as outlined in Order 26 of the CPC. These include rules regarding who can be examined via commission, the process for commissioners to conduct investigations and submit reports, and the evidentiary value of commissioners' reports.
Dower
The document discusses the concept of dower or mehr in Islamic marriages. It defines dower as property or money that the husband promises to pay the wife upon marriage. Dower can be prompt (payable immediately) or deferred (payable later, such as upon divorce or the husband's death). The document outlines different types of dower under Islamic law - specified dower where an amount is agreed upon, and customary dower where no amount is specified and it is based on local customs. It also discusses rules around payment of dower and the wife's ability to claim it.
Historical school of jurisprudence
The document summarizes the key concepts of the historical school of jurisprudence. It discusses that historical jurists like Montesquieu, Savigny, and Maine believed that law develops organically over time based on the customs and traditions of the people, rather than being created through legislation or judicial decisions. Savigny's concept of "Volksgeist" described law as emerging from the shared spirit or values of the national community. The historical school rejected theories of natural law and viewed law as continually evolving according to the changing needs and norms of society.
Joint hindu family
1) A Hindu joint family consists of a common male ancestor, his lineal male descendants, their wives and unmarried daughters. It is presumed that every Hindu family is joint.
2) The family is represented by its head or Karta. Membership can only be acquired through birth, adoption or marriage. Daughters have also become coparceners since 2005.
3) A coparcenary is a narrow body within the joint family consisting of the father and up to three main lineal descendants. Coparcenary rights are acquired only by birth or adoption, not agreement.
Meaning and Essentials of Doctrine of Election
The ppt consists of meaning of the doctrine with example. A detailed understanding of the principle has been included along with many case laws. The essentials have been mentioned which will validate the act of parties.
Specific relief act.ppt
he Specific Relief Act, 1963 is an Act of the Parliament of India which provides remedies for persons whose civil or contractual rights have been violated. It replaced an earlier Act of 1877. The following kinds of remedies may be granted by a court under the provisions of the Specific Relief Act:
Recovery of possession of property
Specific performance of contracts
Rectification of instruments
Rescission of contracts
Cancellation of Instruments
Declaratory decrees
Injunction
Harmonius construction
The rule of harmonious construction provides that when two or more statutes or parts of a statute conflict, they should be interpreted in a way that harmonizes them and gives effect to both. The interpretation that avoids inconsistencies or repugnancy between provisions and makes the statute consistent as a whole should be adopted. If provisions cannot be completely reconciled, they must be interpreted to give effect to both as much as possible without reducing any provision to useless or dead letter. The rule aims to avoid head-on clashes and inconsistencies between different parts of a statute.
Delegated legislation
There are three main types of delegated legislation: bylaws made by local councils, statutory instruments made by government departments, and Orders in Council made by the Privy Council. Parliament delegates some of its lawmaking power through enabling acts because it does not have time or expertise to pass all necessary laws itself. Delegated legislation is subject to general supervision through the enabling act and requirement for consultation, publication, and parliamentary and court oversight through judicial review. It allows laws to be made more quickly and flexibly by experts but is also criticized as being undemocratic with reduced transparency and scrutiny compared to laws passed by Parliament.
Hindu joint family
The document discusses the Hindu joint family system and the role of the Karta. It notes that a Hindu joint family includes relatives descended from a common ancestor who are tied together by kinship and marriage. The Karta acts as the manager and head of the joint family, taking responsibility for expenses, protecting family properties, and representing the family. Generally the senior most male member is considered the Karta, though in some situations a female or junior male can take on the role. The Karta has broad powers to manage family affairs and property but also responsibilities like maintaining family members and accounting for family finances when the family is partitioned.
Indian limitation act 1963
This explain object of Indian Limitation Act 1963. It define limitation. Explains how limitation is computed, what is effect of death, acknowledgement and prescription.
What's hot (20)
More from kirti chauhan
Pol sci saarc
SAARC is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in South Asia. It has 8 member countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. SAARC aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development through cooperation in areas like agriculture, education, and transportation. However, SAARC has struggled to achieve many of its objectives due to political tensions between members like India and Pakistan, as well as a policy of non-interference that limits its ability to address disputes. While agreements like SAFTA aim to boost regional trade, their success in implementation has been limited. Overall, SAARC has had modest achievements but geopol
IPC sec 335, 336
Sections 335 and 336 of the Indian Penal Code address offenses related to causing hurt. Section 335 discusses voluntarily causing grievous hurt during provocation, punishable by up to 4 years imprisonment, a fine of up to 2,000 rupees, or both. Section 336 involves endangering human life or safety through rash or negligent acts, punishable by up to 3 months imprisonment, a fine of up to 250 rupees, or both. Both sections are cognizable, bailable offenses triable by a Magistrate, with Section 335 being compoundable and Section 336 being non-compoundable.
Imprisonment for life
Life imprisonment is a sentence where a convicted person is to remain in jail for the rest of his or her life. It was introduced in the Indian Penal Code in 1956 to replace transportation for life for serious offenses. There are 51 sections of the IPC that provide for life imprisonment as a punishment. A life sentence can be commuted by the government to a fixed term of up to 14 years without the offender's consent. For calculating partial terms of imprisonment, life imprisonment is equivalent to 20 years.
Article 344
This document summarizes key aspects of Article 344 of the Indian Constitution related to official languages. It discusses that:
1) Every 10 years, a commission will be appointed by the president consisting of a chairman and members representing languages of the 8th schedule to define procedures.
2) The commission will make recommendations to the president on progressive use of Hindi, restricting English use, languages for union purposes, numerals to use, and other official language matters.
3) In its recommendations, the commission will consider industrial, cultural and scientific advancement as well as interests of non-Hindi speaking areas.
4) A 30-member committee of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members selected through single transferable vote will
Gains of learnings
This document summarizes the Hindu Gains of Learning Act of 1930 in India. The act aims to remove doubts about a Hindu undivided family member's right to property acquired through their education or learning. Key points of the act include: defining acquirer as a family member who gains property through learning, gains of learning as property acquired through education, and learning as any type of education or training. Most importantly, the act states that no gains of learning shall be considered not the exclusive property of the acquirer just because their education was supported by family funds or imparted by a family member.
Presidential Order, 1960
The Presidential order from 1960 outlines the plan to transition Hindi as the principal official language of India while continuing the use of English. Some key points include:
1) Regional languages would be given more importance over time while English would remain the principal official language until 1965, after which Hindi would become principal and English would become subsidiary.
2) Hindi's propagation and development would continue according to the Constitution, and terminology would be prepared to be clear, precise and simple while adapting from Indian languages.
3) Translations between languages would aim to maintain uniform terminology as much as possible.
4) The Union Government would implement a plan to progressively increase the use of Hindi as the official language while continuing to allow English
Forms of marriage
The document discusses different forms of marriage according to Manu. It divides marriages into two categories - regular/approved forms and irregular/unapproved forms. The regular forms are considered civilized and include Brahma, Daiva, Arsha and Prajapatya marriages. The irregular forms are considered uncivilized and include Asura, Gandharva, Rakshasa and Paisachika marriages. Each form is described in terms of how the bride and groom are united, whether through parental consent, payment of a dowry, mutual agreement, force or seduction.
More from kirti chauhan (7)
Recently uploaded
Energizing Communities, Fostering Growth, Sustaining Futures
USDA grants bolster rural communities, driving growth, sustainability, and prosperity through strategic development initiatives and financial support.
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Incometax Compliance_PF_ ESI- June 2024
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government Liaison
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
Recently uploaded (20)
Energizing Communities, Fostering Growth, Sustaining Futures
Energizing Communities, Fostering Growth, Sustaining Futures
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
The Art and Science of Cryptoforensic Investigation: Best Practices and Tools
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government Liaison
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government Liaison
Unobstructed heritage
- 2. Introduction • The special feature of the Mitakshara joint family is the recognition of unobstructed heritage (Apratibandha Daya) ijnaneswara's Doctrine is founded upon the following text of Yajnavalkya-Ancestral property is unobstructed heritage. • The essential feature of unobstructed heritage, according to Mitakshara Law is that the sons, grandsons and great grandsons acquire an inherit in the property inherited by birth.
- 3. • Their rights attach to it by their birth. The property is called unobstructed because the accrual of the right to it is not obstructed by the existence of the owner.
- 4. Illustration • If A has property derived from his paternal ancestor, then his Putra by birth acquires a right to it equal to that of his father. • Putra includes son, son's son and son's son's so e.,4 degrees of descent including the deceased). • So for the son, grandson and great-grandson ancestral property of their father is unobstructed heritage. In it they acquire a right by birth. • They can claim a partition in it. They are the coparceners.
- 5. Conti... • All relations other than Putra (i.e., son; son's son; son's son's son) have only an obstructed heritage. • The fact of the owner being physically alive is an impediment to their having an interest in his property by virtue of their relationship alone. • Further, in property other than the ancestral property, i.e., in self-acquired property, even the Putra has only an obstructed heritage and he cannot claim the right to partition
- 6. Thank You