![Metaphors in Science
The Cell
The word cell comes from the Latin cellula,
meaning "a small room". The descriptive term
for the smallest living biological structure was
coined by Robert Hooke in a book he
published in 1665 when he compared the cork
cells he saw through his microscope to the
small rooms monks lived in.
"... I could exceedingly plainly perceive it to be all perforated and
porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular
[..] these pores, or cells, [..] were indeed the first microscopical pores
I ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not met with any
Writer or Person, that had made any mention of them before this. . ." –
Robert Hooke describing his observations on a thin slice of cork.
2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentingwithanalogyandmetaphor-121019011045-phpapp01/85/Presenting-with-analogy-and-metaphor-9-320.jpg)
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Presenting with analogy and metaphor
- 1. Part 2 Analogy andMetaphor
- 2. Overview Session 1 Session 3 English Vs Japanese Chunking Structuring your presentation Pronunciation Using Power Point Body Language Session 2 Session 4 Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions Technical Vocabulary Jokes 2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 2
- 3. Presenting with Analogy and Metaphor Y=X±Z 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 3
- 4. Quick Hints #1 for controlling your state • Clothes • Practice • Think of a Time You Have Done This Before (Anchoring) • Be Early • Resources 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 4
- 5. Today’s Session • ReviewLast Week • Example Presentation and/or Students’ Presentations • Using Analogy and Metaphor • Technical Vocabulary - The difference between a presentation and a paper • Question Time 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 5
- 6. Think of yourpresentation as a 5 minute chance to teach your paper • Introduction: -Self 10-20 Seconds -Academic 30-40 Seconds • Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute -Point 2 1 minute -Point 3 1 minute • Conclusion 1 minute • Questions 5 minutes 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 6
- 7. Describing Objects and Defining Concepts • “Defining in a general sense is simply pointing out the unique, distinguishing properties of a concept in a particular context” Giving Academic Presentations Susan M. Reinhart 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 7
- 8. Metaphor is aNatural Process Bouba and Kiki 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 8
- 9. Metaphors in Science The Cell The word cell comes from the Latin cellula, meaning "a small room". The descriptive term for the smallest living biological structure was coined by Robert Hooke in a book he published in 1665 when he compared the cork cells he saw through his microscope to the small rooms monks lived in. "... I could exceedingly plainly perceive it to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular [..] these pores, or cells, [..] were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not met with any Writer or Person, that had made any mention of them before this. . ." – Robert Hooke describing his observations on a thin slice of cork. 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 9
- 10. The Cell Metaphor Monk’sCell Honeycomb Cell Cork Cell 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 10
- 11. This figure isfrom our Prentice Hall Science Explorer Cells and Heredity, book p C. 22 11 The Cell as a City Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 2011/10/12
- 12. City model, cellstructure, cell function • Construction Site: ribosome - builds new structures • Transport Company: endoplasmic reticulum - carries materials from place to place • Power Plant: mitochondrion - produces power • Food Processing Plant: chloroplast - produces food • Waste Disposal Plant: lysosome - disposes of waste • City Hall: nucleus - controls rest of cell • Storage Tanks: vacuole - stores food and water • Gate: cell wall or cell membrane - controls what enters and leaves cell city 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 12
- 13. Other Metaphors inScience Metaphors Scientific Concept • Flowing Water • Electricity • Wave • Sound/light/radio • Wall • Cell (wall/membrane) • Highways • Blood Vessels • Blueprint • DNA • Police Force • Immune System • A Peach • Layers of Earth • Camera • Eye • Computer • Brain 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 13
- 14. Metaphor Topics • Life • Learning a language • The economy • A nuclear reaction • Love • Being a student • University entrance exams • Kyoto University 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 14
- 15. Technical Vocabulary • Howis a presentation different to a paper? – Time – Audience – Control 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 15
- 16. Questions This is your chance to ask specific questions about your presentation ! 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 16
- 17. Part 3 Chunking ItRight
- 18. Review Last 2Weeks Week 1: Back to Basics Week 2: Analogy & Metaphor Timing it right • Think of your presentation Break down your presentation into 4 main parts: like a chance to teach your – Introduction -Self 10-20 Seconds paper. -Academic 30-40 Seconds • Save time by using Analogy – Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute and Metaphor to engage -Point 2 1 minute -Point 3 1 minute students previous knowledge. – Conclusion 1 minute Remember the story of the – Questions 5 minutes Cell. 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 18
- 19. Technical Vocabulary • Howis a presentation different to a paper? – Control – Audience – Time • Think back to my presentation on elephants and the ivory trade ban… 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 19
- 20. Chunking It Right 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 20
- 21. Examples for Chunking •CO2 emissions from cows. • Shakespeare’s use of the third person in Romeo and Juliet. • The cost of a bowl of rice at Kyoto University’s café. • World peace • Making money • Finding a life partner 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 21
- 22. Overview Session 1 Session 3 English Vs Japanese Chunking Structuring your presentation Pronunciation Using Power Point Body Language Session 2 Session 4 Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions Technical Vocabulary Jokes 2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 22
- 23. Chunking word Document 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 23
- 24. Body Language The DOs and DON’Ts 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 24
- 25. Body Language DOs DON’Ts • Eye Contact • Look down (Read) • Emphasize • Cross your arms • Smile ! • Touch your face • Move around • Stand in front of the overhead 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 25
- 26. Last Years Presentations 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 26
- 27. Last Years Presentations 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 27
- 28. Part 4 Jokes andQuestions
- 29. Overview Session 1 Session 3 English Vs Japanese Chunking Structuring your presentation Pronunciation Using Power Point Body Language Session 2 Session 4 Analogy and Metaphor Handling Questions Technical Vocabulary Jokes 2011/10/4 Francesco Bolstad 29
- 30. Review Last 3Weeks Week 1: Back to Basics Week 2: Analogy & Metaphor Timing it right • Think of your presentation Break down your presentation into 4 main parts: like a chance to teach your – Introduction -Self 10-20 Seconds paper. -Academic 30-40 Seconds • Save time by using Analogy – Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute and Metaphor to engage -Point 2 1 minute -Point 3 1 minute students previous knowledge. – Conclusion 1 minute Remember the story of the – Questions 5 minutes Cell. 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 30
- 31. Review Last 3Weeks Week 3: Chunking it Right It is important to use the right amount of detail Introduction: Big Picture Main Body: Details Conclusion: Big Picture 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 31
- 32. Last Years Presentations 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 32
- 33. Last Years Presentations 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 33
- 34. The Structure ofHumor 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 34
- 35. Why are JokesFunny? A story within a story. The twist Revealing the truth 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 35
- 36. Questions Questions and more Questions 2011/10/12 Copywrite Francesco Bolstad 36
- 37. Question types • Things you have already covered. • Things outside your presentation. • Questions you don’t know the answer to. • Questions within questions. • Questions with long answers. 2011/10/12 Copy write Francesco Bolstad 37