3. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Today I am going to talk about my favourite personality that I hope everyone
know about this personality. Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal was born in 1877
in Sialkot. He is also known as a poet, politician and philosopher. He is my
favourite personality about his poetry and attitude like everything. He is also
known as a Shaire-e-Mashrik I mean that poet of east and for Muslims he is
a great personality and was done great work like Pakistan was the dream of
Iqbal.
5. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Sir Muhammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal was a philosopher, poet and politician in British
India who was born on 9 November 1877 and died on 21th April 1938. He is considered one of the
most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both Urdu and Persian languages.
He was also called as Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times. Iqbal is known as Shair-e-
Mushriq meaning Poet of the East. He is also called Muffakir-e-Pakistan (“The Inceptor of
Pakistan”) and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (“The Sage of the Ummah”). In Iran and Afghanistan he is
famous as Iqbāl-e Lāhorī or Iqbal of Lahore, and he is most appreciated for his Persian work.
Pakistan Government had recognised him as its “national poet.He has different literary and
narrative works. His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi, appeared in the Persian language in 1915,
and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam.
Amongst these his best known Urdu works are Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, Zarb-i Kalim and a part of
Armughan-e-Hijaz and also Pas che bayad kard.He had series of lectures in different educational
6. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
institutions that were later on published by Oxford press as ‘’the Reconstruction of Islamic
religious thoughts in Islam’’
Iqbal was influenced by the teachings of Sir Thomas Arnold, his philosophy teacher at
Government college Lahore, Arnold’s teachings determined Iqbal to pursue higher education in
West. In 1905, he travelled to England for his higher education. Iqbal qualified for a scholarship
from Trinity College in Cambridge and obtained Bachelor of Arts in 1906, and in the same year
he was called to the bar as a barrister from Lincoln’s Inn. In 1907, Iqbal moved to Germany to
study doctorate and earned PhD degree from the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich in 1908.
Working under the guidance of Friedrich Hommel, Iqbal published his doctoral thesis in 1908
entitled.
7. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
The Development of Metaphysics in Persia. During his study in Europe, Iqbal began to write
poetry in Persian. He prioritized it because he believed he had found an easy way to express his
thoughts. He would write continuously in Persian throughout his life. Iqbal, after completing his
Master of Arts degree in 1899, initiated his career as a reader of Arabic at Oriental College and
shortly was selected as a junior professor of philosophy at Government College Lahore, where he
had also been a student; Iqbal worked there until he left for England in 1905. In 1908, Iqbal
returned from England and joined again the same college as a professor of philosophy and
English literature. At the same period Iqbal began practicing law at Chief Court Lahore, but soon
Iqbal quit law practice, and devoted himself in literary works and became an active member of
Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam. In 1919, he became the general secretary of the same organisation.
8. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Iqbal’s thoughts in his work primarily focus on the spiritual direction and development of human
society, centered around experiences from his travels and stays in Western Europe and the Middle
East. He was profoundly influenced by Western philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri
Bergson and Goethe. The poetry and philosophy of Mawlana Rumi bore the deepest influence on
Iqbal’s mind. Deeply grounded in religion since childhood, Iqbal began intensely concentrating
on the study of Islam, the culture and history of Islamic civilization and its political future, while
embracing Rumi as his guide. Iqbal had a great role in Muslim political movement. Iqbal had
remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvement in World War I, as
well as the Khilafat movement and remained in close touch with Muslim political leaders such as
Maulana Mohammad Ali and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian
National Congress, which he regarded as dominated by Hindus and was disappointed with the
League when during the 1920s, .
9. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
It was absorbed in factional divides between the pro-British group led by Sir Muhammad Shafi and the
centrist group led by Jinnah. Ideologically separated from Congress Muslim leaders, Iqbal had also been
disillusioned with the politicians of the Muslim League owing to the factional conflict that plagued the
League in the 1920s. Discontent with factional leaders like Sir Muhammad Shafi and Sir Fazl-ur-
Rahman, Iqbal came to believe that only Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a political leader capable of
preserving this unity and fulfilling the League’s objectives on Muslim political empowerment. Building a
strong, personal correspondence with Jinnah, Iqbal was an influential force in convincing Jinnah to end
his self-imposed exile in London, return to India and take charge of the League. Iqbal firmly believed
that Jinnah was the only leader capable of drawing Indian Muslims to the League and maintaining party
unity before the British and the Congress his presidential address on December 29, 1930, Iqbal outlined a
vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India, “I would like to see
the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state.
10. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Self-government within the British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of a
consolidated Northwest Indian Muslim state appears to me to be , at least of Northwest India. qbal was
the first patron of the historical, political, religious, cultural journal of Muslims of British India. This
journal played an important part in the Pakistan movement. The name of this journal is The Journal
Tolu-e-Islam. Iqbal wrote two books on the topic of The Development of Metaphysics in Persia and
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam and many letters in English language, besides his
Urdu and Persian literary works. In which, he revealed his thoughts regarding Persian ideology and
Islamic Sufism – in particular, his beliefs that Islamic Sufism activates the searching soul to a superior
perception of life. He also discussed philosophy, God and the meaning of prayer, human spirit and
Muslim culture, as well as other political, social and religious problems. Iqbal’s views on the Western
world were applauded by men including United States Supreme Court Associate Justice William O.
Douglas, who said that Iqbal’s beliefs had “universal appeal".
11. ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL
In his Soviet biography N. P. Anikoy wrote, “(Iqbal is) great for his passionate condemnation of weak
will and passiveness, his angry protest against inequality, discrimination and oppression in all forms
i.e., economic, social, political, national, racial, religious, etc., his preaching of optimism, an active
attitude towards life and man’s high purpose in the world, in a word, he is great for his assertion of the
noble ideals and principles of humanism, democracy, peace and friendship among peoples. qbal died
on 21th April 1938 due to severe throat infection that lasted for long till his death. He will be
remembered for good.
Aasmaan teri lahad per shabnam afshaani kare
Sabza e noorasta is ghar ki nigeh baani kare.
