HELATH RELEATED PRESENTENSION BAMS FIRST YEAR OBJECTIVE

2. STANYA
Stanya(breast milk) is the secondary tissue(uladhatu) of rasa dhatu which gets
secreted only in female breasts immediately after the delivery of baby.
# definition (nirukti) of stanya:-
स्तनात्जातौ इतत स्तन्य:।
स्तन्यं क्षीरं रसस्य उपधात:ु। (Sharanga.I,1/15-16,adhamalla)
For the nourishment of baby, the milk which is secreted in the breast is called as
stanya
• Synonyms:- Payas,dhatu,kahira,gorasa are the synonyms of dhatu
# site of stanyavaha srotas:-
‘स्रोतांसस नाससक
े कर्णौ नेत्रे पाय्वास्यमेहनम।
स्तनौ रक्तपथश्चेती नारीर्णाामधधक त्रयम ।। (A.H.sha.3/40)
* Breast is the root of stanyavaha of srotas stanya is formed in breast and expelled
out from the nipple .

3. • Breast is a secondary sex organ of females.after growth of female reproductive
system begins during that time, along with growth of other organs of artavavaha
srotas , breast enlargement also starts which is called as budling of breasts.raja ,the
secondary tissue of rasa enhance breast development.
# breast development in pregnancy:-
‘धमन्य: संवतृ द्रारा: कन्यानां स्तनसंधधता:।
तासामेव प्राजातानं गसधिर्णीनां च ता पन:।
स्विावादेव वववतृा जायते………….. । (S.Ni.10/16-17)
‘द्वे(धमन्यौ) स्तन्यं स्त्रीयावहत: स्तनसंधधते‘। (S.sha.9/5)
गहीतगधिर्णााम्आधतववहानं स्त्रोतसां वताधमतन अवरुध्यन्ते गिेर्णा तस्माद् गहीतगधिर्णाां
आधतवं न दृश्यते ततस्तद् अध: प्रततहतम्आगतम्अपरं चोपचीयमानम् अपरा इतायसिधीयते। शेषं च
ऊध्वितरं आगतं पयोधरौ असिपप्रधतैतस्माद् गसधिण्य: वपनोन्नतपयोधर िवन्न्त। (S.sha.4/24)

4. • During pregnancy, reproductive srotas (artavavaha srotas) of a pregnant woman gets
obstructed by the foetus and hence menstrual cycle is ceased during pregnancy.
• Obstructed Raja takes part in the formation of placenta (अपरा), while the rest of Raja
ascends.reaches the breasts and lactiferous ducts breasts.of the pregnant woman become
full and heavy.
# formation of breast milk:-
‘रसप्रसदो मधरु : पक्वाहारतनसमत्तजा ।
क
ृ तासनदेहात्स्तनौ प्राप्त: स्यन्यसमतायसिधीयते’।। (S.ni.10/18)
‘आहाररसयोतनतावादेवं स्तन्तमवप न्स्त्स्त्रया:।
तदेवापतायसंस्पधषद दशधनात्स्मरर्णाादवप।
ग्रहर्णााच्च शरीरस्य शक्रवत संप्रवधतते।
स्नेहो तनरन्तरस्तत्र प्रस्त्रवे हेत रुच्यते’।। (S.Ni.10/21-22)

5. • Stanya is the secondary tissue of rasa dhatu.rasa dhatu is formed from digested food.rasa
dhatu circulates in the whole body when rasa dhatu reaches breast, stanya or breast milk is
formed the sweetness of rasa dhatu.
• Touch, sight or even labour, artavavaha srotas constricts due to excess of vata dosha and
lactiferous ducts in the breast dilates and actual secretion of milk begins on the 3rd or 4th
purperal day.
• On the first and second day of puerpurium , breast,secreted thick, heavy, yellowish fluid
which is called as piyush and from third day actual milk is secreted.
# volume of breast milk -2 anjalis:-
‘द्वावञ्जधस तस्तन्यस्य’।(A.H.Sha.3/82)
• Volume of breast milk is considered as 2 anjalis.
# importance of breast milk:-
‘मातरेव वपबेत्स्तन्यं ततापरम्देहवदृ ये’। (A.H.U.1/15)

6. • All intants should be fed on breast milk breast milk enhance growth of body and it also
provides immunity to the baby.
# properties of breast milk:-
‘यत्क्षीरमदक
े क्षक्षप्रमेकी िवतत पाण्डरम् |
मधरं चावववधर्णा च प्रसन्न तद् ववतनधदाशेत्।। (S.Ni.10/25)
• Breast milk is sweet, unctuous, light and it is easily assimilated by child . Normal breast milk
easily dissolves with water it is white and sweet and produces satiety in child.
# font of breast milk:-
‘जीवनं बह र्णां सार्त्यां स्नेहनं मानषं:पय:। (C.Su.27/24)
‘जीवनं बााना ‘जीवनं बााना तेषाम्एव न्स्त्स्त्रक्षीरसार्त्यातावात

7. • Breast milk is synthesized from the digested food of a mother,so it contains all the
nutrients required for proper nourishment of body constituents.
• Infants can easily bigest breast milk.breast milk builds up immunity in the
child.breast milk is a complete food for the infants for first 6 month’s . breast milk
should be necessarily given to child.
# factors responsible for secretion of breast milk:-
आहाररसयोतनतावादेवं स्तन्यमवप न्स्त्स्त्रया:।
तदेवापतायसंस्पषाधुद दधशनात्स्मरर्णाादवप।। (S.Ni.10/18)
‘शक्रक्रोधधंघनायासा: स्यन्यनाशय हेतव:’। (A.H.U.1/17)
1. Secretion of breast milk depends on proper nourishment of rasa dhatu.

8. 2. Secretion of breast milk depends on diet of mother sweet, liquid, light food will enhance
secretion of breast milk. Diet of lactating mother should consist of sufficient of water, milk, ghee,
green leafy vegetables, sweet herbs like shatavari,stimulate lactation. Lactating woman’s
affection towards child is the important factor for proper lactation.touch or even at the sight of
baby, she stimulate secretion of breast milk.psychological status of lactating women also has
effect on location.sad and depressed mood can inhibit secretion of breast milk.
➢ Method of stanya examination:-
# reference of apsu- pariksha of stanya:-
‘स्तन्यस्पत प्रक
ृ ततवधर्णागन्धरसस्पशधम् ,उदपात्रे च दहुयमानमदक
ं व्येतत प्रक
ृ ततिूततावात; तत्पध्विकरम् आरोग्यकरं
चेतत स्तन्यस्पत्’। (C.Sha.8/54)
‘वाताद् दटंतधपवतेद्भसस। कषायफ
े तधनं रूक्षं वचोम त्रववबन्धक
ृ त।। (A.H.U.2/2)
‘तत्कषायं िवेद्वावातात्क्षक्षप्तं च प्धुवतेड्िसम’। (S.Ni.10/25)

9. • Vata-dushta stanya (stanya vitiated by vata dosha) floats on water.it is kashaya (astringent).in
taste.it is foamy and looks dry.
• Baby fed on vata dushta stanya(breast milk) suffers from constipation.has less urine output.
# significance of stanya pariksha:-
1.Stanya pariksha mentioned in compondia is topic of research.
2.Method of stanya pariksha is called as apsu pariksha.apsu means water and pariksha means
examination.
3.Examination of stanya is carried out by adding new drops of breast milk.(stanya) in a glass
breaker containing clean water.
4.After adding breast milk slowly, results are noted down in the following manner.
• If stanya mixes in water and easily dissolves.then found sample of stanya.is said to be
shuddha(pure/normal).
• If stanya floats on surface of water.in the fragmented form, then found sample of stanya is vata
dushta stanya.

10. • If after adding drops of stanya in water, yellowish lines appears in water, then found sample of
stanya is a pitta dushta stanya.
• If stanya sinks in water then found sample of stanya is kapha . dushta stanya.
• Examination of baby is also important along with apsu pariksha of stanya.symptoms seen on
baby due to dushta stanya are more precisely describe by charaka and sushruta.

11. MODERN
#development of mammary glands:-
# at birth, childhood and puberty:-
• At the time of birth, mammary gland is rudimentary and consist of only a tiny nipple and few
radiating ducts from it.
• Till puberty there is no difference in the structure of mammary gland between male and
female.
• During puberty and afterwards vast change occur in the structure of female mammary gland.
• the begging of changes in mammary gland is called thelarche.
• it occurs at the time of puberty, just before menarche.
• At puberty, there is growth of duct system and formation of glandular tissue during every
sexual cycle at the time of menstruation there is slight regression and in between the phases
of menstruation, proliferative changes.occur on the whole progressive enlargement occurs
which is also due to the deposition of fat .

12. # during pregnancy:-
• During pregnancy, mammary glands enlarge to a great extent with marked changes in
structure.during first half of pregnancy,the duct system develops further with appearance of
many new alveoli .no milk is secreted now.
• During second half, there is enormous growth of glandular tissues and development is
completed for production of milk just before the end of gestation period.
#Role of hormones in growth of mammary glands:-
1. Estrogen:- Growth of ductile system
• Estrogen causes growth and branching of duct system.it is also responsible for the
the accumulation of fat,in breasts.
2. Progesterone:- Progesterone promotes development of stroma of the mammary
glands.it also stimulate the development of glandular tissues.

13. 3. Prolactin:- Prolactin in necessary for milk secretion normally, prolactin is inhibited by prolactin
inhabiting hormone secreted from hypothalamus.however , prolactin secretion starts increasing
from 5th month of pregnancy.t that time it acts on mammary glands and causes proliferation of
epithelial cells of alveoli.
4. Placental hormones:- Estrogen and progesterone secreted from placenta are essential for
further development of mammary glands during pregnancy.both the hormone stimulate
proliferation of ducts and glandular cells during pregnancy.
5. Other hormones:- Growth hormone,thyroxin and cortisol enhance the overall growth and
development of mammary glands in all states relaxin also facilitates the development of
mammary glands.
#applied physiology:begins breast disease:-
• Benign breast disease is a group of conditions characterized by noncancerous change in
tissues of mammary glands.some type of benign breast conditions may cause pair or
discomfort and may need treatment.

14. # applied physiology: benign breast disease:-
1. Fibroadenoma of breast:-it is a solid benign tumor formed by tissues of lobutes,and
connectives tissues of breast.
2. Hyperplasia:-hyperplasia is the increase in proliferation of epithelial cells in lobules and duct
system resulting in overgrowth of mammary glands.
3. Cysts in breast:- cysts are fluid filed sacs formed in tissues of breasts.some of the cysts may
enlarge and cause pain.
4. Intraductal papillomas:- intraductal papillomas are the small benign tumors developed in
dust system of mammary glands.tumors near the nipple can cause discharge from nipple
and pain.
5. Adenosis of breast sclerosing adenosis:- this is the enlargement of lobutes due to increase
number of glands of mammary glands.tissues of breast becomes hard.
6. Fat necrosis:- this is the formation of lumbs by fat tissues caused due to injury of breast.

15. #lactation:-
• Lactation means synthesis, secretion and ejection of milk.lactation involves two
processes,milk secretion and milk ejection.
# (A) milk secretion:- Milk secretion is the synthesis of milk by alveolar epithelium and it’s
passage through the duct system milk secretion occurs in two phases.
➢ Initiation of milk secretion or Lactogenesis:-
• A small amount of milk secretion occurs at later months of pregnancy.but,free flow of milk
occurs only after delivery.milk secreted initially before parturition is called colostrum.it is
lemon yellow in colour and it is rich in protein (particularly globulins)and salts. But it’s sugar
content is low.it contains almost all components of milk except fat.
• Role of hormones in lactogenesi prolactin is responsible for lactogenesis.during later months
of pregnancy, large quantity of prolactin is secreted,but it’s activity suppressed by estrogen
and progesterone secreted by placenta so, lactation is prevented during pregnancy.

16. • Immediately after the delivery of the baby expulsion of placenta.there is sudden boss of
estrogen and progesterone.now,, prolactin acts on breasts and promotes lactogenesi.
➢ Maintenance of milk secretion or galactopoiesis:-
• Galactopoiesis depends upon growth hormone.thyroxin and cortisol which are essential for
continuous supply of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, calcium and other substances
necessary for the milk production.
❖ Role of hypothalamus in galactopoiesis:-
• Galactopoiesis occurs till 7 to 9 months after delivery of child provided feeding the baby
with mother’s milk is continued till then milk production is continued only if feeling the baby
is continued.suckling of nipple by baby is responsible for continuous milk production.
• When the baby suckles impulse from touch receptors around the nipple stimulate
hypothalamus.hypothalamus releases prolactin releasing anterior pituitary.prolactin acts on
glandular tissues and maintains the functional activity of breast for subsequent nursing.

17. ❖ (B) milk ejection:- Milk ejection is discharge of milk from mammary glands.
❖ Effect of lactation on menstrual cycle:-
• Women who nurses her child regularly.does not have menstrual cycle for about 24 to 30
weeks after delivery.regular nursing the baby stimulates prolactin secretion
continuously.prolactin inhibits GnRH secretion resulting in suppression of gonadotropin
secretion in the absence of gonadotropin.the ovaries become inactive and ovulation does
not occur.
• When the frequency of nursing the baby decrease (after about 24 weeks) secretion of GnRH
and gonadotropin starts slowly, when sufficient quantity of gonadotropin is secreted,the
menstrual cycle starts.
# breast milk:- Breast or human milk forms the primary source of nutrition for infants.
# composition:- Breast milk contains about 88.5% of water and 11.5% of solids.

18. Solid include:-
1. Nutrients:- lactose,casein,lactalbumin,lactoglobulin, cholesterol, and essential fatty acids.
2. Minerals:- sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, negligible
quantity of iron and copper.
3. Vitamins:- A,B,C,D,E,K
4. Immunoglobulins:- IgA,IgG,IgM
5. Antebacrial agents:- lysozyme and lactoferrin
6. Cells:- neutrophils and other leukocytes, macrophages and stem cells.
7. Other substance:- digestive enzymes, hormones,transforming growth factor – B,interlukin-
10 and insulin like growth factor 1.
# advantage of breast milk:-
• Breast milk is always considered superior to animal milk (cow milk or goat milk) because it
consists of sufficient quantity of all substances necessary for infants like iron, vitamins and
minerals.

19. • In addition to nourishment of infant, breast milk also provides several antibodies which helps
the infant resist the infaction by lethal bacteria. Even some phagocytic cells such as
neutrophils and macrophages are secreted in milk . phagocytic cells protect the infant by
destroying microbes in infants body.
#disadvantages of animal milk:-
1. It causes irritation of GI tract and anemia.
2. Excess proteins and fats in animal milk are difficult to digest and absorb by the infants.
3. High content of casein in harder to digest resulting in GI bleeding and anemia.
4. High concentrations of sodium and potassium in animal milk causes overstaining of
immature kidneys in infants.
5. Low iron content in animal milk develops iron deficiency anemia.
6. It has low content of vitamins and essential fatty acids.

20. Thank You