There are three main types of party systems: one party system, two party system, and multi-party system. India has traditionally had a dominant single party, the Indian National Congress, which controlled the government from independence until the late 1960s. In the 1960s, regional parties began to emerge and the party system became more competitive. In 1977, a coalition called the Janata Party defeated Congress for the first time. However, the Janata Party soon collapsed. In 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party won an absolute majority in parliament, becoming the first single party to do so in 30 years.

2. There are three types of party system these are :
1. One party system
2. Bi-party system
3. Multi party system

3. What is one party system ?
• A single party states or one party system is a political system in which only one political
party controls the
affaries of the government .
• In this kind of system there is no democracy or rule of laws because powers are
concentrated in the hands of one
Person or group of people.
• Some example of countries that still practics this political system includes :- north
korea , cubia, china, etc.

4. • A two party system in politics creates a structure where the elecrorate gives a
significant majority of its
votes to only to major parties .That means one or the other can win with a majority In
legislature
• It is a system of governing that is present in the united states, but the actual
implimentation of forming a
government is similar to system that have multiple parties
• There are fractions in a democratic and republicans party struggling for power
showing that there can be
divergence of interest underneath a single party umberlla.
• In other party a two party system is a system where only two parties or alliances
typically placed either side
of the centre have a realistic chance of forming a majority .

5. Merits:
• Political information is much easier to understand. Although two party system limits the options of voters,
it allows parties to present Information in convinent manner
• Balance is achieved because multiple interest and opinion are accomodated . Each parties comprise of
organized group and individuals voters who all have a broad range of interest.
Demerits
• It offers limited options. Limited options when it comes to voting is seen as an advantages because less
options there are to choose from the less confusing making the choice would be .
• It promotes corruption. Parties have also faced criticism particularly when it comes to funding. For instance
big contributors would want something in return for having gave a large portion of there fortune to a
campaign.

6. A multi party system in which there are more than two political parties
contesting the elections and the often found in Countries with a
parliamentary govt. that in nations with a presidential form. Some of the
countries that follow the multi party system are:- India, France, Italy and
Israel.
Some of the features of multi party system are:-
1. One dominant party
2. Lack of well define ideology.
3. The development of regional parties.

7. Merits:
• It gives citizens the opportunities to make as many as decisions as they choose .
• It also aids in the representation of all social groups and sections.
Demerits
• It also causes confusion among the voters since there are so many options.0
• Every political party’s ultimate goal is to win power and became the ruling party, which
can lead to disagreements among coalition partners.

8. • Between 1952 and 1967 the Indian party system was Defined by the
Congress party dominance as it was elected the power every time.
• The Congress was able to form the government by security a major rete of
votes from across the country.
• According to electrode data the Congress won 364 seats in 1952, 371 seats
in 1957 and 361 seats in 1962.
• Until 1977 and between 1980 and 1989 the Congress party control at the
centre and in most part of the state since independence.
• However after 30 year hiatus a single Party (BJP) was able to establish the
government within absolute majority by obtaining 282 seats in the 16th Lok
Sabha election.

9. • In the second and third general elections held in 1957 and 1962 respectively
the congress maintain the same position in the Lok Sabha by winning three
fourth of the seats.
• In the state assembly elections congress did not get a majority in a few cases
the most significant of these case was in Kerala in 1957 when a coalition led by
CPI formed the government.
• The Congress won three out of every 4 seat but it did not get even half of the
votes in 1952 for example Congress obtained 45% of the total votes but it
managed to win 74% of the seats.

10. The 1967 elections marked a landmark in the history of India it brought a series of
changes to the political system these changes were:-
• The Congress party support its worst defeat till then although it came to power
with the lowest majority it had since Independence its vote share decreased and
there was a gradual loss off mass support.
• The Congress lost in as many as eight state assemblies (Bihar UP Rajasthan Punjab
West Bengal Orissa Madras and Kerala). Thus its dominant declined.
• There was a rise in Regional parties in the southern States such as Kerala and
Tamil Nadu, DMK emerge with victoriously this made the political system more
competitive.
• For the first time in political history the collision was formed against the Congress
sumyukta vidhayak Dal with Congress comprised of Jan Sangh, socialists,
Swatantra and Congress defectors form the government

11. • The March 1977 elections were a watershed in independent India it was the first time non
Congress government was in charge the Janata Party had won the people's mind it ending
Indira Gandhi’s authoritarian rule but the victory was short lived
• The Janata party was formed in 1977 when politicians from opposition parties came
together under Jayaprakash Narayan or ‘JP’, a veteran socialist. Leader it was established
with the merger of Congress (O) Bhartiya lokdal junction and the Congress for democracy.
• That deep rift inside the Janata party in a recognisable differences which lead to a split in
the party and the government eventual collapse Morarji Desai resigned as prime minister
in July 1979.
• Indira Gandhi medicinal come back in January 1980 elections however the Congress would
never enjoy the absolute dominate it had for 30 long years before the Janata Party
government.

12. Due to the unique position of dominance of the Congress party it was known to be the central Institution of
Indian politics the centre of Congress reflected the various levels.
At one Level it occupied the most Central space of electoral politics thereby monopolizing it and not allowing
other parties to seriously challenges position of power in the centre and the state
At another level Its centrality was outlined in its occupation of particle space between the state and Society
representing diverse interest by of society it remained the most important formal mediating Institution of the
state. It therefore provided the most crucial space for political negotiation and bargaining.
At the Third Level the centrality of the Congress was reflected in its ideological standpoint being an umbrella
party it has space for all kinds of ideological groups hence pursued a ‘centrist’ ideology even when it contained
ideological viewpoint of the left and right.

13. • The Bhartiya Janata Party achieved an absolute majority with 282 seats
out of 543, 166 more than in the previous 15th Lok Sabha its PM
candidate Narendra Modi took office on 26 may 2014 as the 14th P.M. of
india. The first session was convened from 4th to 11th june 2014.
• There was no leader of the opposition in the 16 Lok Sabha as the Indian
parliament rules state that a party in the Lok Sabha must have at least
10% of the total seats to be considered the opposition party the National
Congress could only manage 44 seat while the AIADMK party from Tamil
Nadu came a close 3rd with 37 seats.
• Pro term speaker Kamalnath was administered the oath on 4 June 2014
and presented over the election of the speaker of Lok Sabha. Sumitra
Mahajan was elected as a speaker on 6th June 2014 and would remain in
office until the day before the first sitting of 17th Lok Sabha.