The document discusses the OSI model, which consists of 7 layers used as a framework for networking communication. It describes each layer in the OSI model from the physical layer, which deals with physically moving data, to the application layer, which acts as an interface for interacting with the network. The layers are grouped according to their functional similarities and both the sender and receiver implement the model to enable end-to-end communication across a network.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses Angelique Asuncion's food packaging designs for Rommy Paper. It mentions her work on packaging for MassKara Festival in Bacolod City.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. The study found that lockdowns led to short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter concentrations globally. However, the decreases in air pollution were temporary and levels rose back to normal once lockdown restrictions were lifted and activity resumed.
This document promotes dental implants for replacing missing teeth. It states that missing teeth can negatively impact one's smile and confidence. Dental implants look, function, and are cleaned like natural teeth, restoring both smiles and confidence. The dental practice has 12+ years experience providing dental implants and encourages contacting them for more information.
The document discusses the OSI model, which consists of 7 layers used as a framework for networking communication. It describes each layer in the OSI model from the physical layer, which deals with physically moving data, to the application layer, which acts as an interface for interacting with the network. The layers are grouped according to their functional similarities and both the sender and receiver implement the model to enable end-to-end communication across a network.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses Angelique Asuncion's food packaging designs for Rommy Paper. It mentions her work on packaging for MassKara Festival in Bacolod City.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. The study found that lockdowns led to short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter concentrations globally. However, the decreases in air pollution were temporary and levels rose back to normal once lockdown restrictions were lifted and activity resumed.
This document promotes dental implants for replacing missing teeth. It states that missing teeth can negatively impact one's smile and confidence. Dental implants look, function, and are cleaned like natural teeth, restoring both smiles and confidence. The dental practice has 12+ years experience providing dental implants and encourages contacting them for more information.
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This document provides an overview of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. It describes each layer's functions and responsibilities, including the physical layer for transmitting bits, the data link layer for framing and addressing, the network layer for routing packets, the transport layer for process-to-process delivery, the session layer for dialog control, the presentation layer for data translation, and the application layer for user interfaces and services. The OSI model was designed by ISO in the late 1970s to provide a standard framework for network protocol implementation across different systems.
The document discusses network models including the OSI model and TCP/IP model. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer. It also discusses the four layers of the TCP/IP model and compares the two models, noting they are similar in concept but differ in number of layers and how protocols fit within each model.
The document lists fun facts about the city of Madison, Wisconsin and the surrounding area. It states that the movie Public Enemies was filmed in the Greater Madison area in 2009. It also explains that Union Corners got its name from Union soldiers frequenting bars there before battles with Confederates, and that the city of Madison is built on an isthmus. Eric Heiden, from Madison, won a gold Olympic medal for speed skating.
Este documento describe los modelos en la ciencia. Explica que un modelo es una construcción imaginaria que se elabora para explicar y comprender algún aspecto de la realidad basado en teorías y leyes. Los modelos deben ser realistas, precisos y generales. Señala que los modelos se pueden usar incorrectamente y conducir a conclusiones erróneas. Finalmente, describe diferentes tipos de modelos como mentales, materiales, científicos y matemáticos.
La eugenesia busca mejorar la raza humana eliminando genes defectuosos. Fue desarrollada por Francis Galton a finales del siglo XIX y se basa en la selección natural de Darwin. Tiene dos enfoques: la eugenesia negativa busca eliminar genes no deseables mientras la positiva promueve genes deseables. Fue llevada al extremo por los nazis, quienes esterilizaron y asesinaron a millones considerados "genéticamente inferiores". Hoy en día continúa el debate sobre sus aplicaciones éticas.
El documento describe las observaciones de tejido vegetal a diferentes aumentos microscópicos. Al aumento 4X se ve tejido meristemático, al aumento 10X se ven cordones de 8 células, y al aumento 40X una célula en prometafase con células circundantes en interfase. El recuento encontró 60 células en interfase, 7 en profase, 2 en metafase, 7 en anafase y 1 en telofase.
La hidrosfera está formada por todas las aguas de la Tierra, incluyendo océanos, mares, ríos, lagos, glaciares y aguas subterráneas. Cubre aproximadamente el 70% de la superficie terrestre y juega un papel importante en los procesos planetarios. El agua tiene propiedades únicas como su capacidad para disolver muchas sustancias, adherirse a superficies, absorber y liberar calor, y conducir electricidad. Debido a estas propiedades, el agua es esenc
El documento habla sobre la taruca, un animal mamífero conocido como "venado andino" que se encuentra en peligro de extinción. La taruca ha sido intensamente cazada por su carne apreciada, lo que ha reducido drásticamente su distribución y población. Mide hasta 80 cm de altura y pesa entre 50-75 kg, vive en pastizales de zonas altas de la sierra en grupos de hasta quince individuos y se distribuye por países de Sudamérica como Ecuador, Chile y Perú.
4. OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) Model
เป็นแบบจำ ลองที่อธิบำยถึงโครงสร้ำงกำรทำ งำนของเครือข่ำยคอมพิวเตอร์
โดยแบ่งออกเป็น 7 เลเยอร์ที่มีหน้ำที่ต่ำงๆ กัน
5. Physical Layer
เป็นเลเยอร์ล่ำงสุดสำหรับจัดเตรียมอุปกรณ์
เกี่ยวกับระบบไฟฟ้ำ และกลไกกำรทำงำนใน
กำรเชื่อมต่อของระบบเครือข่ำย
Data Link Layer
เป็นเลเยอร์สำหรับกำรจัดเตรียมหน้ำที่ และกระบวนกำร
ในกำรส่งผ่ำนข้อมูลระหว่ำงเครือข่ำย และตรวจสอบควำม
ผิดพลำดที่อำจเกิดขึ้นใน Physical Layer
