The document summarizes different types of waste, including solid, liquid, hazardous, and medical waste. It discusses sources of waste like households and industry. It provides statistics on waste generation in Turkey and impacts of waste like effects on health, environment, and climate change. The 3Rs approach of reduce, reuse, recycle is presented as the solution. Waste management facilities in Turkey are briefly described like recycling plants for paper, plastic, glass, waste oil, batteries, tires, and sewage treatment.

1. SUZAN MEHMET GÖNÇ VOCATIONAL AND TRADE
ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
GERMANY, 23-25 FEBRUARY 2015

2. Waste
Also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage,
junk… is unwanted or useless materials.

3. Wastes
Fruits/Vegetables
Plastics
Paper
Bottles
Cans

4. Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic,
commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, bottles,cans, papers…
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils…

5. Classification of Wastes According to
Their Biodegradability
Bio-degradable
can be degraded in nature
(paper, wood, fruits)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded in nature
(plastics, bottles, old machines, cans)

6. Classification of Wastes According to
Their Effects on Human Health and the Environment
Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically.
They have any of the following properties- ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically.
They don’t have any of those properties mentioned
above.

7. Sources of Wastes
Households
Commerce and Industry

8. How Much Waste Do We Create?
 Each person generates ~ 2.7 kg of waste each
day all over th world.
 The total amount of waste collected in Turkey
is 24.4 million tons per year in 2012.
 12.7 (~ %52) million tons of waste was directly
disposed of in landfills.
 0.3 million tons were treated in composting
facilities.

9. IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED
1- Affects our health
2- Affects our socio-economic conditions
3- Affects our coastal and marine environment
4- Affects our climate

10. Impacts of waste on health
- Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation
- Uncollected waste can lead to flood
- Cancer
- Congenital malformations
- Neurological disease

11. Effects of Waste on Animals and
Aquatics Life
- Increase in mercury level in fish due to
disposal of mercury in the rivers.
- Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds.
- Resulted in high algal population in rivers
and sea.
- Degrades water and soil quality.

12. Impacts of Waste on Environment
- Waste breaks down in landfills to form
methane, a potent greenhouse gas (GHGs)
- GHGs lead to change in climate
- Leads to leaching: is a process by which solid
waste enter soil and ground water and
contaminating them.
 U.S. Environment Protection Agency (2009)

13. It is estimated that;
«The food wasted by the US and Europe could
feed the world three times over.»
Every tons of food waste prevented has the
potential to save 4.2 tons of CO2 equivalent.

14. The Problem
More People
+ More Waste
= Less Available Landfill Space

15. The 3Rs Rule
REDUCE
REUSE
RECYCLE
The Solution

16. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
1- Reduce Waste
- Reduce office paper waste by using both sides.
- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess materials.
- Work with customers to design and implement a
packaging return program.
...

17. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
2- Reuse
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as
envelopes, file folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, dishes, cups, and
glasses.
- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather
than new ones.
- Donate old books, old clothes, old computers …

18. 3- Recycling
Wastes = Resources

19. RECYCLING PLANTS IN TURKEY

20. Hazardous Wastes
 3 hazardous waste landfills in Turkey.
 İZAYDAŞ (İzmit)
 ERDEMİR (Ereğli)
 İSKEN (İskenderun)
In 2007, only İZAYDAŞ utilized 160 000 m3
hazardous waste.

22. Waste Oil
- It is estimated that the amount of waste oil
generated every year is approximately
150,000 tons in Turkey.

23. Used Batteries and Accumulators
Number of
produced
each year
Number
recycled
Batteries 10 000 tons 200 tons (2%)
Accumulators 74 000 tons 45 474 tons
(67%)

24. Medical Waste
 According to data of year 2006 (Ministry of
Health),
91,323 tons of medical waste was
generated each year.
 In 2008, 12 681 tons of medical waste
(14% of the total) had been sterilized.

25. 4 tons of medical waste is
sterilized each day.

26. End of Life Tyres (ELT)
284,800 ton ELT is recycled in each year (30% of
the total amount).

27. LIQUID WASTE RECYCLING PLANTS
In our city, Ankara, about 1 million m3 sewage is
treated each day.

28. SOLID WASTE RECYCLING PLANTS
 Paper, plastic and glasses are recycled solid
wastes.
Solid Waste Conversion Plants.

29.  This area was a dump area about 10 years
ago.
 The genereted methane gas is converted to
electrical energy and some heat is produced as
a by-product.
 This heat is used to heat the water.
 This water is used to heat the greenhouses.

30.  As this area was a dump area the soil
quality is very low.
 So they cultivate plants without land.
 They put the seeds in bags with inorganic
substrats like perlit.
 Or they use water cultures.
MAMAK SOLID WASTE RECYCLING PLANT

31. MAMAK SOLID WASTE RECYCLING PLANT
Tomatoes/ perlit in plastic
bags as substrat
Strawberries/ water
culture

32. Tomatoes Seedlings

33. Waste Reduction Week (October 17th – 23rd)
activities in your school (Poster Competition
between classes)
Get Involved

34. The Winner Poster

35. THANK YOU
BEGÜMCAN BÖLÜKBAŞI
KARDELEN HANOĞLU
İREM BAHAR BUĞDAYCI
BUSE BAŞPINAR
YEŞİM ÖZBEK
HANİFE SILA KULECİ