The document discusses the potential of renewable energy production in the Sahara Desert, focusing on solar energy projects like Desertec and TuNur. It outlines the region's capacity for solar energy, the technology used, and the benefits and challenges associated with energy production in politically unstable areas. It also highlights the need for international cooperation and investment to harness this energy effectively.

1. Energy production Sahara
How an idea wants to provide the world with energy!
A work from:
Petr Kirpeit
Dogukan Cetin
Hendrik Schmitz

2. Table of Contents
1. Definition of regenerative energy production
2. Definition of Sahara
3. Energy facts about the Sahara
4. Energy production in the Sahara
1. Project DESERTEC
2. What is the DII?
3. Project Tu Nur
5. Technology
6. Consequences of energy production
7. Political conflicts and solutions
8. Sources

3. Definition of regenerative energy production
● Regenerative or renewable energies are carriers that are inexhaustible
available. Opposite to the renewable energies are the fossil carriers, which
are finite and can only partially regenerate over millions of years.
● The renewable energies include bioenergy, hydropower, solar energy and
wind energy.
● The fossil fuels include e.g. Coal, natural gas and oil.

4. ● is 26 times the size of Germany
● the largest desert on earth, in the dry belt of the northern turning circle
● extends over 6000 km from west to east and from north to south over about
1500 km
Definition of Sahara

6. Energy facts about the Sahara
● Sahara has an area of 9,200,000 km²
● In 2009, global energy consumption was 20,279,640 GWh ~ 20,279 TWh
● In 2015 global energy consumption was around 24,000 TWh

7. Energy production in the Sahara
● The solar radiation in North Africa reaches about 2.2 TWh / km² per year.
● At an efficiency of 10%, theoretically an area of 300 km x 300 km would be
sufficient to meet the global electricity demand of 20,000 TWh.
● Germany, about 527 TWh (2012), would theoretically require an area of about
2400 km². This corresponds approximately to the size of the Saarland (or
Luxembourg) or a square with an edge length of 50 km x 50 km.

10. Technology

11. Building solar energy production in
the Sahara
● Solar power plants (Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
-Plants) are used to generate energy
● Reflectors on the ground bundle the incident light onto
an absorber tube where a thermal oil is located
● When the thermal oil is heated to 400 ° C, the heat is
dissipated in water via a heat exchanger which
evaporates and thus drives a turbine which then
generates electrical energy with a generator

12. Technology: Parabolic trough
power plants

13. Technology: solar tower power plant

14. What is the "Desertec Foundation"?
● The Desertec project itself is the attempt to generate green electricity, ie
energy from renewable energy sources
● It was developed by the Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation
(TREC)
● Is an international network of economists, scientists and politicians
● The Desertec Foundation was founded in 2003 by the Club of Rome and the
Jordanian Research Center
● From this network, the "Desertec Foundation" finally emerged

15. What is the DII?
● DII is a proper name
○ should once stand for Desertec Industrial Initiative
○ DII GmbH is a consortium of up to 20 international companies
● Tasks:
○ Development of a long-term perspective for the period up to 2050 including investment and
financing recommendations
○ Develop appropriate framework conditions to enable investment in power plants and power grid
networks
○ Creation of early reference projects to demonstrate feasibility
○ Deepening studies on individual subject areas
● It was never the task of own power plants to operate

16. Disadvantages :
● Dependent on politically unstable
countries
● Infrastructure is a potential target for
terrorists
● When planning power stations, it must be
decided whether electricity will be
consumed locally or exported
Consequences of energy production - advantages /
disadvantages
Advantages :
● Many new jobs (construction, operation,
etc.)
● International contractors to implement
infrastructure
● 15% solar energy supply in Europe
● Resources and Political Independence of
African States

17. Wind energy (General information)
● Modern wind turbines do not resist the wind
● As a result of the pre-flow of the wind, a buoyancy is generated, whereby the
blades of the plant rotate
● In 2009, the use of wind energy alone saved 30 million tonnes of CO2
● By the year 2025 the wind energy should cover 25% of the electricity
production
● In 2009, approx. 21,200 wind turbines were installed in Germany,
corresponding to a total output of approx. 25,000 MW

18. What is Tu Nur?
● A company in London (Tu Nur oder Nur Energie Ltd)
● Aim: To erect a solar system up to 100 square kilometers in the African state
of Tunisia
● Cost of the project: approximately 13 million euros
● The project is to be connected to the mainland (Europe) via a 350 km long
underwater cable
● should only be available to the English citizen

19. ● DII and DESERTEC separated due to insurmountable differences
● EU state policy has so far failed to develop an agreement for imported
electricity from Africa
● Many MENA countries have recognized the potential for solar energy
● Saudi Arabia wants to build solar energy within 20 years of total capacity of
40GW
○ March 2013, Abu Dhabi, the largest solar thermal facility in the world, goes into operation. It
has the dimensions of about 285 football fields and makes 100 megawatts
Political conflicts and solutions

20. Sources - Slides
3. http://www.gymnasium-dinkelsbuehl.de/hs/ovz/bildung/energiespar/bericht_04/15_Regenerative_Energien.pdf
4. http://www.wissen.de/lexikon/sahara-wueste
5. https://de.dreamstime.com/stock-abbildung-karte-der-sahara-w%C3%BCste-und-der-sahel-zone-image85184032
6. http://ddc.arte.tv/karten/153#4
7. https://energiespeicher.blogspot.de/2016/03/wie-viel-ol-wird-noch-gebraucht.html
8. http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/de/966354/rwe/presse-news/theoretischer-flaechenbedarf/
9. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/239764/umfrage/weltweiter-stromverbrauch/ 1980-2010 Statista, 2015 See Slide 8,
Forecast generated with Excel Forecast Tool, Confidence Interval 60%
10. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fullneed.jpg
12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parabolic_trough.svg
13. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_Plant_kl.jpg
14. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:PS10_solar_power_tower_2.jpg,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schema_Solartum-Kraftwerk.png
15. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertec
16. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertec#Dii_GmbH
17. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertec und weitere
18. https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/marokko-windkraft-am-rande-der-sahara
19. https://goo.gl/6gbgeB
20. https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/energie/article116853521/Wuestenstrom-Initiative-laufen-die-Mitglieder-davon.html

21. Thank you very much for your attention!