This recommendation report evaluates three approaches to treating speech disorders: the Van Riper approach, Hodson's Cycles approach, and the Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast approach. All three approaches showed high rates of overall success, between 13-15 out of 15 patients. The Van Riper and Hodson's approaches were considered the most complex due to factors like treatment time and duration. The author interviewed two speech language pathologists who said the Van Riper and Hodson's approaches scored slightly better than Minimal Pairs based on evaluation criteria, but effectiveness can vary depending on the individual case. The report concludes that combining treatment methods is most useful due to each case having unique needs.
The report analyzes the tutorial "Transcripts Online", which was created on the software Powerpoint. The purpose of this report is to show memorability and satisfaction of the tutorial, and of course to state any problems, errors and recommendations. The designer of the tutorial can revise their tutorial after I have critiqued it.
How do you begin to present your research findings outside of the academic community? This presentation is for researchers who face a blank sheet of paper whenever they try to rewrite their research findings to audiences outside of their academic community. The 7 rules for writing in plain English are:
1. Keep your sentences short
2. Prefer active verbs
3. Use 'you' and 'we'
4. Avoid jargon: use words that are appropriate for the reader
5. Don't be afraid to give instructions
6. Avoid nominalisations
7. Use lists where appropriate
Running Head Research Summary and Ethical Considerations .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: Research Summary and Ethical Considerations 1
Research Summary and Ethical Considerations 2
Please put your title in caps
Hi, please review APA for your header sections. Please put your title in caps. Thanks.
Research Summary and Ethical Considerations
Student’s Name:
Institution:
Introduction
Background of the study
The main reason for the study has been to evaluate and analyze the amount of knowledge patients have concerning hypertension and how the patients take treatment and drugs which are related to hypertension. The bottom line of the study is to evaluate how different opinions on hypertension and the treatment of the disease and how such opinions differ from one place to another especially due to the difference in culture or ethnic of these groups. In addition, the study will be evaluated on what the research can do to improve the adherence to these groups. Comment by Doreen Farley: For someone reading this that doesn’t know what your subject is, how would they know what study you were talking about. In your intro/background you must either name the article that you are critiquing for the reader or the author’s name.
For instance, the following information is a critique of a qualitative study authored by…… The purpose of the study was to…..
Smith & Smith stated…..
The study was conducted due to the…..
These are just examples to help you ensure that the reader knows exactly what you are speaking about in terms of the authors, name of study, purpose of study and why it was conducted. I hope this helps. . Comment by Doreen Farley: ethnicity Comment by Doreen Farley: Is it what the research will do or what the proposed interventions would do to improve adherence?
The research subject is equally important to nursing. In the nursing field, we have to deal with different groups. Nurses need to connect, convey, and care for the treatment administrations of various patients having a place with various societies and racial origin. In most cases, nurses are faced with the challenge of dealing with one treatment at a time, but they do offer modes which are different especially to patients who are suffering from the same diseases (Marshall, Wolfe, & McKevitt, 2012). In this case, nurses can administer the treatment using different methods depending on culture and racial of the community in the question. Therefore it is important that the study considers issues which are relevant to nursing practices. In addition, the study will help nurses in appreciating and acknowledging the experience the patients have especially the symptoms since there are no scientific ways to prove such symptoms. Based on the beliefs and culture of the patients, the nurses should be in a position to tell people with hypertension even with these symptoms from the patients. In fact, most of these symptoms have been found to be irrelevant since in some cases it is not a must that they have any connection to the ...
The report analyzes the tutorial "Transcripts Online", which was created on the software Powerpoint. The purpose of this report is to show memorability and satisfaction of the tutorial, and of course to state any problems, errors and recommendations. The designer of the tutorial can revise their tutorial after I have critiqued it.
How do you begin to present your research findings outside of the academic community? This presentation is for researchers who face a blank sheet of paper whenever they try to rewrite their research findings to audiences outside of their academic community. The 7 rules for writing in plain English are:
1. Keep your sentences short
2. Prefer active verbs
3. Use 'you' and 'we'
4. Avoid jargon: use words that are appropriate for the reader
5. Don't be afraid to give instructions
6. Avoid nominalisations
7. Use lists where appropriate
Running Head Research Summary and Ethical Considerations .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: Research Summary and Ethical Considerations 1
Research Summary and Ethical Considerations 2
Please put your title in caps
Hi, please review APA for your header sections. Please put your title in caps. Thanks.
Research Summary and Ethical Considerations
Student’s Name:
Institution:
Introduction
Background of the study
The main reason for the study has been to evaluate and analyze the amount of knowledge patients have concerning hypertension and how the patients take treatment and drugs which are related to hypertension. The bottom line of the study is to evaluate how different opinions on hypertension and the treatment of the disease and how such opinions differ from one place to another especially due to the difference in culture or ethnic of these groups. In addition, the study will be evaluated on what the research can do to improve the adherence to these groups. Comment by Doreen Farley: For someone reading this that doesn’t know what your subject is, how would they know what study you were talking about. In your intro/background you must either name the article that you are critiquing for the reader or the author’s name.
For instance, the following information is a critique of a qualitative study authored by…… The purpose of the study was to…..
Smith & Smith stated…..
The study was conducted due to the…..
These are just examples to help you ensure that the reader knows exactly what you are speaking about in terms of the authors, name of study, purpose of study and why it was conducted. I hope this helps. . Comment by Doreen Farley: ethnicity Comment by Doreen Farley: Is it what the research will do or what the proposed interventions would do to improve adherence?
The research subject is equally important to nursing. In the nursing field, we have to deal with different groups. Nurses need to connect, convey, and care for the treatment administrations of various patients having a place with various societies and racial origin. In most cases, nurses are faced with the challenge of dealing with one treatment at a time, but they do offer modes which are different especially to patients who are suffering from the same diseases (Marshall, Wolfe, & McKevitt, 2012). In this case, nurses can administer the treatment using different methods depending on culture and racial of the community in the question. Therefore it is important that the study considers issues which are relevant to nursing practices. In addition, the study will help nurses in appreciating and acknowledging the experience the patients have especially the symptoms since there are no scientific ways to prove such symptoms. Based on the beliefs and culture of the patients, the nurses should be in a position to tell people with hypertension even with these symptoms from the patients. In fact, most of these symptoms have been found to be irrelevant since in some cases it is not a must that they have any connection to the ...
Mastering Scholarly WritingRemove or Replace Header Is Not DoAbramMartino96
Mastering Scholarly Writing
Remove or Replace: Header Is Not Doc TitleOutline Worksheet
Introduction
In paper
An opening statement that frames your focus
Autism self-management treatment without child's vocalization. Inappropriate language replacement with verbal labeling will be more functional than the normal verballing.
Who
The psychologists are working towards developing a stimuli language that will help autistic students improve their learning and responding skills. Echolalia's language has always responded inappropriately to questions that should replace verbal representation for more effectiveness.
What
Children with
autism are normally rejected and treated differently from others. Standardizing their learning skills or rather simplifying their response through verbal stimulation will, in turn, raise self-management.
When
The program generalization and maintenance will take place in phases. They are evolving from the initial settings to the new vocalization.
Where
The research will be conducted in a wide range to ensure more participants are reached out.
Why?
The intended project will ease communication between autism-affected children and others as well as between themselves.
Body Paragraph 1
In paper
Topic sentence
Coming up with the visual language entails the incorporation of knowledge from the physician to the verbal developer.
Observation 1
In an experiment to test the language, the sequence wording in a sentence or a question must be repeated for emphasis regardless of verbalization.
Support 1
Though verbalization may have considered most accurate concerning autism, errors may occur, which may amount to the incorrect response. Therefore, the tutor must proofread the question to ensure correctness. A combination of correct and incorrect verbiage will add up to an incorrect and inappropriate presentation.
Conclusion
The tutor should go through the verbalized questions to ensure no errors may lead to incorrect responses. This will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of audiotaped or videos as intended.
Body Paragraph 2
In paper
Topic sentence
Young children diagnosed with autism made it necessary to come up with some ways for self-development.
Observation 1
From the research, communication improvement will improve their learning skills and how the affected interact with other children. Autism children are frequently discriminated against due to a lack of mutual understanding.
Support 1
On the conducted research, according to Karl, his module went through upon the third trial. This is a positive indication that verbalization can be depended upon when questioning.
Conclusion
Though the stimuli differed from one participant to the other, at least there is a mutual language used by both the tutor and the respondent. This indicates a positive step towards verbalization.
Body Paragraph 3
In paper
Topic sentence
It's essential to note that it can lead to communication breakdown on echolalia treatmen ...
Mastering Scholarly WritingRemove or Replace Header Is Not DoAbramMartino96
Mastering Scholarly Writing
Remove or Replace: Header Is Not Doc TitleOutline Worksheet
Introduction
In paper
An opening statement that frames your focus
Autism self-management treatment without child's vocalization. Inappropriate language replacement with verbal labeling will be more functional than the normal verballing.
Who
The psychologists are working towards developing a stimuli language that will help autistic students improve their learning and responding skills. Echolalia's language has always responded inappropriately to questions that should replace verbal representation for more effectiveness.
What
Children with
autism are normally rejected and treated differently from others. Standardizing their learning skills or rather simplifying their response through verbal stimulation will, in turn, raise self-management.
When
The program generalization and maintenance will take place in phases. They are evolving from the initial settings to the new vocalization.
Where
The research will be conducted in a wide range to ensure more participants are reached out.
Why?
The intended project will ease communication between autism-affected children and others as well as between themselves.
Body Paragraph 1
In paper
Topic sentence
Coming up with the visual language entails the incorporation of knowledge from the physician to the verbal developer.
Observation 1
In an experiment to test the language, the sequence wording in a sentence or a question must be repeated for emphasis regardless of verbalization.
Support 1
Though verbalization may have considered most accurate concerning autism, errors may occur, which may amount to the incorrect response. Therefore, the tutor must proofread the question to ensure correctness. A combination of correct and incorrect verbiage will add up to an incorrect and inappropriate presentation.
Conclusion
The tutor should go through the verbalized questions to ensure no errors may lead to incorrect responses. This will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of audiotaped or videos as intended.
Body Paragraph 2
In paper
Topic sentence
Young children diagnosed with autism made it necessary to come up with some ways for self-development.
Observation 1
From the research, communication improvement will improve their learning skills and how the affected interact with other children. Autism children are frequently discriminated against due to a lack of mutual understanding.
Support 1
On the conducted research, according to Karl, his module went through upon the third trial. This is a positive indication that verbalization can be depended upon when questioning.
Conclusion
Though the stimuli differed from one participant to the other, at least there is a mutual language used by both the tutor and the respondent. This indicates a positive step towards verbalization.
Body Paragraph 3
In paper
Topic sentence
It's essential to note that it can lead to communication breakdown on echolalia treatmen ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Recommendation Report for the Texas State University
Department of Communication Disorders
Abigail Adams
2. Table of Contents
About the author
Introduction
Tasks
3 Approaches
Van Riper Approach
Hodson’s Cycles Approach
Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast
Results
Overall success
Complexity of Method
Speech Language Pathologist’s Opinions
Conclusion
References
3. About the Author: Abigail Adams
Student at Texas State University
Majoring in Pre-Communications Disorders
Which, out of three speech therapy methods, is
the most effective?
Spoke to SLPs and chose 3 methods
4. Introduction
My introduction into speech therapy came from my brother
“approximately 7.5 million people in the United States have trouble using
their voice” (NIDCD 2010).
“By the first grade, roughly 5 percent of children have noticeable speech
disorders” (NIDCD 2010).
Early identification of disorder important
Speech therapy cases are as unique as individual
6. 3 Approaches
Van Riper Approach:
Focuses on “sensory training, production, stabilization, and carryover” (Van Riper,
Emerick 1990).
Hodson’s Cycles Approach:
Focuses on “cycles, auditory input, context and self monitoring, and optimal
matching” (Bowen 2015).
Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast Approach:
Pairs of words that sound similar; differs with both consonants and vowels
7. Van Riper Approach
There isn’t a set method to treating a speech disorder
A combination of methods is better in treatment
“Most clinicians to combine many strategies in a traditional format of
treatment” (Van Riper, Emerick 1990).
8. Hodson’s Cycles
Method focuses on repetition
Both auditory and speaking
After auditory and speaking practice
comes implementation in everyday life
Hodson’s
Cycles
Cycles
Focused
Auditory Input
Facilitative Contexts,
Active Involvement, Self-
monitoring and
Generalization
Optimal
Match
9. Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast
High lights words that sound similar or differ by one letter/sound
Example of Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast Source Dr. Caroline Bowen
Issue Example Example Example Example
Bait-bat Bay-buy K-cow Beer-bee Boy-buy
Rye-row Cat-cart La-lie Soy-saw Soy-sea
Bored-bird Hurt-heart Bite-bat Cot-cut Deck-duck
Pet-put Hat-hurt Ship-sheep Tin-ten Bed-bad
11. Overall Success
All three methods had high rates of overall success
Van Riper Approach: 14/15
Hodson’s Cycles Approach: 14/15
Minimal Pairs/Minimal Contrast Approach:13/15
12. Complexity of Method
All approaches were complex in their own way
Van Riper and Hodson’s seemed to be most complex
Key components in the complexity of the method were time and
duration
Also factor in patient history and schedule
13. Speech Language
Pathologist’s Opinions
Talked to two speech language pathologists (SLPs)
Erin Herrick and Clarissa Talbert
Van Riper Approach and Hodson’s Cycles scored better
on criteria based on the scale than minimal
pairs/minimal contrast
Just barely, though
SLPs opinions vary; different methods work better on
different cases
14. Conclusion
Each case is unique so the treatment must be unique
A combination of methods is more useful than a singular
method
Methods are not necessarily “complex” or “difficult”
The time needed to see results and success can be
extensive
Perfect rehabilitation and/or results do not happen all
the time
15. References
Bowen, C. (2015, January 27). Cycles Phonological Pattern Approach
(CPPA). Retrieved from http://speech-language-
therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75:cycles&
catid=11:admin&Itemid=108
C.Talbert, personal communication, March 27, 2015
E. Herrick, personal communication, March 31, 2015
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
(2010). Statistics on Voice, Speech, and Language. Retrieved from
http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/pages/vsl.aspx
Van Riper, C., Emerick, L. (1990). Speech Correction: An Introduction to
Speech Pathology and Audiology (8th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-
Hall Inc.
