Cow based economy for ecologically fragile region of Garhwal Uttarakhand

1. TITLE- CAN RURAL MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO INCLUSIVE
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A COW BASED
ECONOMY IN GARHWAL?
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS-
Aman Kumar. Manager (Operations), Patanjali Bio Research Institute,
Padartha, Hardwar, Uttarakhand
• S.Ananthanarayana Sharma, Ranjit Gupta Centre for
Documentation of Action Research, Madurai, Tamilnadu
• Mr. Haridasji, Patanjali Gramodhyog Nyas, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
• Dr.G.Paran Gowda, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Hardwar, Uttarakhand
• Mr. Madhav Prasad, Patanjali Gramodhyog Nyas, Uttarkashi,
Uttarakhand
• Mr. Gaurav Singh Chahal, Patanjali Gramodhyog Nyas, Uttarkashi,
Uttarakhand
• Acharya Balkrishnaji, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Hardwar, Uttarakhand

3. Terai - technically a part of the Upper Gangetic plains. Marshy and damp track, around
80 kms. wide with fertile soil, with good water retention capacity.
Bhabhar - Tract parallel to Terai - where the Himalayan mountains give way, to foothills
and the plains. The Himalayan rivers descend from steep heights, resulting in boulders
and gravelly river beds. This track has porous soil, and is around 34 kilometre wide.
Sub Himalayas - consisting of the Shivalik hills, the youngest of the Himalyan ranges
and the Doon valley to the north of these hills. This zone extends from 6 to 30 kilometres
with elevation from 300 metres to 1000 metres.
Mid Himalayas - consists of abrupt elevations, from 1000 metres upto 3000 metres,
exending from 60 to 90 kilometres.. Consists of Himalayan ranges and Himalayan
valleys and lake basins. ,
Higher Himalayas - ranges from 3000 metres to 7000 metres, and usually covered with
snow and - hence called Himadri in Samskrit.. Extends from 40 to 60 kilometres and
includes glacial landforms.
Trans Himalayas - is in a rain shadow region, and is a cold desert. Also called the Indo
Tibetan plateau..

4. River catchment analysis of Uttarakhand
Catchment Watershed
numbers
Sub watersheds Mini watersheds Total hectares
Alaknanda 4 22 207 1,120,967
Bhagirathi 2 18 159 727,183
Ganga A 1 5 56 176,597
Ganga B 2 12 87 309,295
Kali 3 16 239 1,112,936
Kosi 4 13 117 664,427
Ramganga 3 11 85 428,042
Yamuna 5 19 160 550,162
TOTAL 24 116 1110 5,089,609
Hardwar district 233,506
GRAND TOTAL 5,323,115

6. TABLE - DAMS AND BARRAGES IN UTTARKASHI
Name of dam River District Type
Year
Commissioned
Power
generation MW
Irrigation in
hectares
Lohrang Pala Bhagirathi Uttarkashi scrapped in 2010 planned for 600
Tehri dam Bhagirathi Uttarkashi
Multi purpose rock and
earth fill embanlment 2006 1000 200,000
Maneri/ Tiloth power plant Bhagirathi Uttarkashi Concrete gravity 1984 90
Koteshwar Bhagirathi Tehri Garhwal Gravity 2011 400
Ramganga/Kalagarh Ramganga Pauri Garhwal Embankment dam 1974 198 57,500
Dhauliganga dam Dhauliganga Chamoli
Rock and earth fill
embankment dam 2006 280
Pashulok/Chilla power
plant Ganges Dehra Dun Barrage 1984 144
Ichari/ Chibro and Khobri
power plants Tons Dehra Dun Concrete gravity 1972 360
Dakpathar barrage/
Dhakrani and Dhalipur
power plants Yamuna Dehra Dun Concrete barrage 1965 84.75
Asan barrage/ Kulhal and
Khara power stations Asan Dehra Dun 1967 102
Bhimgoda barrage Ganges Hardwar Brick and mortar(?) 1854 2,023,000
Approximate TOTAL 2658.75 2,280,500
source - google search engine, various websites of engineering firms, power corporation, news items. Data needs to be more formally
validated

7. GROWTH OF UTTARAKHAND STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT
AT 1999-2000 PRICES (Indian rupees in 100,000 or one lakh)
1999-2000 20008-09
State domestic product (Rs. Lacs) 11,18,719 State domestic product (Rs. Lacs)- 24,10,224
Population 8277,000 Population 9597,000
State Per Capita Income (Rs.) 13,516 State per capital income (Rs.) 25,114
31%
19%
50%
NSDP - 1999-00
17%
36%
47%
NSDP - 2008-09

8. HILLS VERSUS PLAINS
Parameter - DEMOGRAPHY Hill Districts Plains districts Uttarakhand
Number of districts 9 4 13
Total urban population 5,44,046 25,47,123 30,91,169
Total rural population 3343622 (86%) 3681961 (59%) 7025583 (69%)
Total population 38,87,668 62,29,084 1,01,16,752
Male population 18,82,507 32,71,671 51,54,178
Female population 2005161 (51%) 2957413 (47%) 4962574 (49%)
Area (in square kilometres) 41,263 12,216 53,479
Density (population/area) 94 510 189
Source - 2011 Census and Directorate of economics and statistics, Uttarakhand
Parameter - Irrigated agriculture Total hills Total plains Uttarakhand
Net cropped area 4,02,000 3,66,600 7,68,000
Net irrigated area 42,000 3,04,000 3,46,000
%age irrigated 10% 83% 45%
Source - Annexure table 2.13, Uttarakhand state perspective and strategic plan, (2009to2027)Watershed
management directorate, Dehra Dun
Parameter -BANKING Hills Plains State
Population served per branch 6,761 7,419 6,819
Villages served per branch 22 5 13
Advances per branch (Rs.100,000) 432 1,594 1,207
Agriculture Advances per branch
(Rs.100,000) 64 420 252
Agriculture advances per cultivator (Rs.) 3,612 61,419 23,032
Agriculture advances/hectare of net sown
area (Rs.) 10,824 61,788 44,950
Source - State Bank of India (SBI) - Uttarakhand State annual credit plan 2011-2012,

9. A WIN WIN SOLUTION FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS –Villages in Hills, the Plains, consumers in
urban metropolis market , agro business technologists, and management professionals
COW BASED ECONOMY FOR INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH
• COW AS CENTRAL TO VILLAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH
• PRODUCTS OF COW TO BE DRIVERS OF VILLAGE ECONOMY
• COW DUNG = METHANE (for energy through biogas and onward
technological value addition) + SLURRY (with additives for soil nutrients)
• COW URINE (RAW) = BIO PESTICIDE (with botanical additives)
• COW URINE (DISTILLED) = MEDICINE (For human health) +
CONCENTRATE (veterinary medicine for deworming, maybe bio pesticide)
• COW’S MILK = NUTRITION (For human health) + INCOME (through sale
of surplus)
• COW’S MILK GHEE = AYURVEDIC MEDICINE (Base, grihta)
• BUTTER MILK = BOTTLED DRINK (Competing in aerated waters market)
• ORGANICALLY PRODUCED FOOD = Foodgrains, fruits, vegetables.
GENERAL IDEA Is to upscale these traditional village production systems and
to link with metropolitan markets through modern technology

10. District 2
Farmer Groups/Clusters
2Block 2 Block 2Block
Sorting/
Grading/
Packing
Pre cool Chamber
Store
Cold storage Warehouse
Retail outlet Retail outlet Retail outlet Patanjali
Food &
Herbal Park
District 3
District 1
District 4
District 5
Mode of Operation-

11. An example of supply chain around Cow Urine Distillate (CUD)
LOCATION PRODUCTION INVENTORY TRANSPORT
PROCUREMENT OF
RAW MATERIAL
Villages in Bhatwari Tehsil,
Uttarkashi district, through
village collectors
Cow urine is collected
from individual
households, whose
cows are physically
monitored by the village
collectors
Stored in five litre
plastic cans, and if
quantity high in 100
litre plastic barrels.
Carried to collection
point from
households in
plastic cans
PROCESSING INTO
INTERMEDIATE AND
FINAL PRODUCTS
Tekhla village, 3 kilomtres
from Uttarkashi town on
NH 34 on the banks of the
river Gangaji.
The production unit is
housed in a tin shed. It
consists of a single
column technology
distillation unit. The unit
is fired by diesel, and
evaporates the cow
urine, which is then
condensed and
collected. The distillation
tank has a capacity of
(2,000 litres?), which is
operated for an 8 hour
shift.
The Cow Urine
Distillate is stored in
hundred litre barrels.
This is packed for
onward dispatch to
Patanjali Fo
Daily trip by small
truck, which has a
mounted plastic tank
on its back. The cow
urine collected in the
village is poured
here.
DISTRIBUTION TO
END CONSUMERS
Patanjali Food and Herbal
Park based unit, Divya
Pharmacies, at Padartha
near Hardwar, purchases
all the CUD
Divya Pharmacy
repacks the CUD in 450
ml bottles. There could
be other uses for CUD
for other products(?)
Not known Transported by truck
from Tekhla to
Padartha near
Hardwar, once in
three days.

12. Some numbers
District Farmers Microwatersheds Area(ha)
Hardwar 97,042 2,33,506
Dehradun 75,354 95 3,05,043
Total-plains 1,72,396 95 + 5,38,549
Uttarkashi 1,01,607 164 7,86,921
Tehri 1,85,276 134 4,14,588
Pauri 1,79,424 129 5,38,755
Chamoli 1,14,594 138 8,22,225
Rudraprayag 77,411 40 1,82,223
Total- hills 1,31,662 605 27,44,712
GARHWAL 3,04,058 700 + 32,83,261
Source
SBI state annual credit
plan
Uttarakhand state strategic and perspective
plan, Uttarakhand watershed directorate

13. HOW CAN RURAL MANAGEMENT AS A PRAXIS CONTRIBUTE TO
THESE GOALS?
TECHNOLOGY AND MARKETS
COW URINE DISTILLATION PLANTS – 10,000 lpd X 5 + 100,000 LPD X 2
=250,000 lpd
BIOGAS PLANTS FOR METHANE =
6000 CUBIC METRES X 5 + 6,0000 CUBIC METRES X 10 = 6000 CUBIC
METRES X 12 PLANTS (1 CUBIC METRE = ? ENERGY?)
COW MILK = 30,000 lpd x 5 + 500,000 x 2 = 7 plants with total capacity of 1.15
million lpd
COW GHEE = @ 30,000 kilos per day
SACHETED/BOTTLED BUTTERMILK @ 1 MILLION lpd
ORGANISATIONS
Village /Cluster – producer + farmer groups (around a particular commodity)
Federation in producer company format –– to run a processing unit
Marketing by for profit private limited /public limiited companies (Section 25?)
,

14. HOW CAN RURAL MANAGEMENT AS A PRAXIS
CONTRIBUTE TO THESE GOALS?
• FINANCE
– Producer farmer capital to be the
“starter”/seed capital
– Producer company can leverage debts
– Producer companies would federate and
form a for profit public/private company
for quality control, certification, and
marketing to national and international
markets

15. HOW CAN RURAL MANAGEMENT AS A PRAXIS CONTRIBUTE TO THESE
GOALS?
• PEOPLE/STAFFING
• Social workers for village social, capital and
commodity mobilisation
• Technologists with some MDP training for
running the producer company level
processing/value addition and packaging unit?
• Who ill ensure international quality standards for
food products, its relevant packaging, and
distribution to national metropolitan and
international markets?