This study examined the parasites found on wild-caught Malaysian giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from two rivers in Malaysia. A wide range of parasites were found, including protozoans like Lagenophrys sp. and Nematopsis sp., the isopod Probopyrus buitendijki, digenean metacercariae, and leech cocoons. Parasite prevalence varied between locations and over time. Heavy infections of some parasites like Lagenophrys sp. and Nematopsis sp. were found to potentially cause growth retardation and mortality in prawns. Further studies on parasite life cycles and risks were recommended to better understand their impacts
Genetic Engineering By Ghawas khan from AWKUM PharmacyGhawas
Genetic Enginnearing is on one of the emerging branch of life sciences... Tried my best to create a best presentation for you. Remember me in your prayers.
DNA Barcode of a New Species Insect in Mangrove Ecosystem at Likupang Village...IJRES Journal
The research area at Mangrove forest in Likupang Village North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The aimed of this research are to document DNA barcode of insect inhabit in mangrove area. Insect were collected with sweep net and directly put in to the alcohol. The insect preparation for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) at Basic Science Laboratory Sam Ratulangi University (MIPA faculty). The primer LCO1490: 5'-ggtcaacaaatcataaagatattgg-3' and HC02198: 5'-taaacttcagggtgaccaaaaaatca-3' at 710-bp. BLAST Analysis and the result barcode has ID :(lcl|Query_113365), 84% identification to species Gergithus iguchii also as the closer (0.20) distance organism, it means this organism as a new species, and has a taxonomy Order : Hemiptera, sub order : Neohemiptera, Super family :Fulgoridea, Family : Issidae.
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
In order to assess the Myxosporeans fauna of Cameroon fresh water fishes so
as to find the fight strategies, 655 specimens (350 Oreochromis niloticus and 305
Barbus callipterus) were sampled in Mapé river (Sanaga basin) and examined.
Standard methods were used for the sampling of fishes, conservation and microscopy.
Morphometric characteristics of the spores were used for species identification. Two
new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Büstchli, 1882 were described namely
Myxobolus tchoumbouei n. sp in Barbus callipterus which formed cysts within various
organs (fins, skin and operculum); Myxobolus mapei n. sp parasite of kidneys and liver
in Oreochromis niloticus and Barbus callipterus. Myxobolus tchoumbouei exhibited
very long spores (19.19 x 8.89 μm), pear-shaped with rounded anterior end
sometimes flattened. Polar capsules were dissymmetrical. They measured 7.60 x 3.00
μm for the bigger and 7.06 x 2.62 μm for the smaller. Myxobolus mapei n. sp had
ellipsoidal spores (13.50 x 6.83 μm) with unequal polar capsules. The larger polar
capsule (6.44 X 2.88 μm) was about 1.5 times longer than the smaller one (4.13 X 1.61
μm) and filled half of the spiral cavity. The awareness about these parasites is useful
to find fighting strategies.
Synthesis and evaluation of bactericidal properties of CuO nanoparticles agai...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its captivating properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications, and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various bacterial species.
Materials and Methods:
Here, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and explored the antibacterial activity of CuO NPs preparation.
Results:
Single crystalline nanoparticles of copper oxide having almost uniform particle size of 5-6 nm has been synthesized by a facile and versatile route. XRD spectra confirmed the formation of single phase CuO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy results corroborate well with XRD results. The technique employed is free from toxic solvents, organics and amines, is based on a simple reaction of copper sulfate and de-ionized water (DI), and their bactericidal effects against of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T bacteria were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with liquid culture for all of the Aeromonas hydrophila culture Medias was done.
Conclusion:
Present study confirms that Copper oxide nanoparticles have great promise as antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas hydrophila.
Genetic Engineering By Ghawas khan from AWKUM PharmacyGhawas
Genetic Enginnearing is on one of the emerging branch of life sciences... Tried my best to create a best presentation for you. Remember me in your prayers.
DNA Barcode of a New Species Insect in Mangrove Ecosystem at Likupang Village...IJRES Journal
The research area at Mangrove forest in Likupang Village North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The aimed of this research are to document DNA barcode of insect inhabit in mangrove area. Insect were collected with sweep net and directly put in to the alcohol. The insect preparation for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) at Basic Science Laboratory Sam Ratulangi University (MIPA faculty). The primer LCO1490: 5'-ggtcaacaaatcataaagatattgg-3' and HC02198: 5'-taaacttcagggtgaccaaaaaatca-3' at 710-bp. BLAST Analysis and the result barcode has ID :(lcl|Query_113365), 84% identification to species Gergithus iguchii also as the closer (0.20) distance organism, it means this organism as a new species, and has a taxonomy Order : Hemiptera, sub order : Neohemiptera, Super family :Fulgoridea, Family : Issidae.
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
In order to assess the Myxosporeans fauna of Cameroon fresh water fishes so
as to find the fight strategies, 655 specimens (350 Oreochromis niloticus and 305
Barbus callipterus) were sampled in Mapé river (Sanaga basin) and examined.
Standard methods were used for the sampling of fishes, conservation and microscopy.
Morphometric characteristics of the spores were used for species identification. Two
new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Büstchli, 1882 were described namely
Myxobolus tchoumbouei n. sp in Barbus callipterus which formed cysts within various
organs (fins, skin and operculum); Myxobolus mapei n. sp parasite of kidneys and liver
in Oreochromis niloticus and Barbus callipterus. Myxobolus tchoumbouei exhibited
very long spores (19.19 x 8.89 μm), pear-shaped with rounded anterior end
sometimes flattened. Polar capsules were dissymmetrical. They measured 7.60 x 3.00
μm for the bigger and 7.06 x 2.62 μm for the smaller. Myxobolus mapei n. sp had
ellipsoidal spores (13.50 x 6.83 μm) with unequal polar capsules. The larger polar
capsule (6.44 X 2.88 μm) was about 1.5 times longer than the smaller one (4.13 X 1.61
μm) and filled half of the spiral cavity. The awareness about these parasites is useful
to find fighting strategies.
Synthesis and evaluation of bactericidal properties of CuO nanoparticles agai...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its captivating properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications, and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various bacterial species.
Materials and Methods:
Here, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and explored the antibacterial activity of CuO NPs preparation.
Results:
Single crystalline nanoparticles of copper oxide having almost uniform particle size of 5-6 nm has been synthesized by a facile and versatile route. XRD spectra confirmed the formation of single phase CuO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy results corroborate well with XRD results. The technique employed is free from toxic solvents, organics and amines, is based on a simple reaction of copper sulfate and de-ionized water (DI), and their bactericidal effects against of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T bacteria were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with liquid culture for all of the Aeromonas hydrophila culture Medias was done.
Conclusion:
Present study confirms that Copper oxide nanoparticles have great promise as antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas hydrophila.
MoO3 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Hindering Effect on G...IJERA Editor
Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction analysis was done to confirm that the obtained product was MoO3. The scanning electron microscopy was done to study the shape, size distribution and surface morphology of nanoparticles; they had a hexagonal shape with smooth surface and uniform size distribution. The functional groups were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of MoO3 nanoparticles on seed germination of vigna unguiculata was studied for 6 days from the day of sowing, by comparing the time taken for seeds to germinate and length of shoot with respect to time of the seeds sowed in heavy black soil whose nutrient composition was known with seeds sowed in the same heavy black soil but which was made rich with MoO3 nanoparticles. It was observed that the MoO3 nanoparticles hampered the germination of vigna unguiculata seeds and this restraint continued in the shoot growth also.
this seminar includes information about various culture media and culture techniques with main focus on molecular diagnostic methods, recent advancements and studies to the process more quickly and correctly.
1. By
CHOONG, F. C.1, KUA, B. C.2, HAZREEN NITA, M. K.2, FAIZAH, S.1 & GLENN, A. B.3
1Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.
2National Fish Health Research Centre, Fisheries Research Institute, 11960 Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
3 Institute of Biology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800 5020 Bergen.
2. Giant Freshwater Prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
• Common name: Malaysian prawn
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrobrachium_rosenbergii)
• Largest Palaemonid (New, 2002)
– 33 cm (male)
– 29 cm (female)
• Production in Malaysia 2007
(http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/en)
– 246 ton
– RM 40 – RM 54/kg
3. Introduction
• Culturing of M. rosenbergii in M’sia
– Source from wild
• Prawn from natural habitat:
– Serve as host for various parasites.
• Parasites:
– Affecting growth & reproductive performance.
– Causes stress, lead to secondary viral or bacterial
infection
4. Introduction
• Baseline study on the list of parasites from
wild M. rosenbergii.
• Farmers & hatchery operators:
– Recognize the pathogenic & non-pathogenic
parasites
– Determine the pre-caution steps
5. Objectives
• Examine on the monthly occurrence &
prevalence of parasites found on M.
rosenbergii.
• Examine on the morphology of parasites
found on wild M. rosenbergii
7. Materials & Methods
• Site selection
– Timun River (N. Sembilan)
– Perak River (Perak)
• Sampling period
– Monthly sampling (1 year)
• Sources
– Wild caught from rivers
• Average size
– N. Sembilan,
28.70 ±29.74 g
– Perak,
35.42±21.05 g
8. Collected from the
fishermen at sampling
site
Transported alive to
laboratory
Wet mount of pleopods,
gills & intestine
Examined under LM &
SEM
14. • Measurement:
– Length: 48.66 ± 2.88 μm
– Width: 44.31 ± 2.32 μm
(n =30)
• Site of Infection: Gill & Pleopods
• Effect:
– interfere with respiration and results
suffocation
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Jan '09 Feb '09 Mar '09 Apr '09 May '09 Jun '09 Jul '09 Aug '09 Sep '09 Oct '09
Monthly Prevalence
N. Sembilan Perak
Lagenophrys sp.
17. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Jan '09 Feb '09 Mar '09 Apr '09 May '09 Jun '09 Jul '09 Aug '09 Sep '09 Oct '09
Monthly Prevalence
N. Sembilan Perak
Nematopsis sp.
• Apicomplexan protozoan
• Measurement:
– Length: 517.13± 158.47 μm
– Width: 75.17 ± 38.19 μm
(n =12)
• Effect:
– Growth retardation &
mortalities
18. Image Reference Species Host of infection
Shanavas et al.,
1989
Nematopsis
rosenbergii
M. rosenbergii
Prasadan &
Janardanan, 1996
Nematopsis
idella
M. idella
Present study Species A M. rosenbergii
Present study Species B M. rosenbergii
Present study Species C M. rosenbergii
Present study Species D M. rosenbergii
19.
20. Apostome ciliate cysts
Cysts found on the pleopods
SEM image of apostome ciliate cysts
• Found frequently on the
gills & pleopods.
• Measurement:
– Length: 35.47 ± 5.67 μm
– Width: 15.01 ± 1.89 μm
(n =30)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Jan '09 Feb '09 Mar '09 Apr '09 May '09 Jun '09 Jul '09 Aug '09 Sep '09 Oct '09
Monthly Prevalence
N. Sembilan Perak
21.
22. • Species
– Probopyrus buitendijki
(Horst, 1910)
• Measurement:
– Length = 1.8 cm
– Width = 1.5 cm Gill chamber deformities due to isopod infection
Gill chamber structure of a healthy prawn
Bopyrid Isopod
Female bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus buitendijki
A B
23. Unidentified Digenea,
(A) metacercariae found in the intestine of
prawn;
(B) A close-up image on the sucker of
metacercariae.
A
B
• Stage:
– Metacercariae
• M. rosenbergii served as
intermediate host
Digenea
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
Jan '09 Feb '09 Mar '09 Apr '09 May '09 Jun '09 Jul '09 Aug '09 Sep '09 Oct '09
Monthly Prevalence
N. Sembilan Perak
25. Conclusion
• Wild M. rosenbergii serve as host for wide
range of parasites in both location.
– Epibionts protozoan infections are common
– Metacercariae, isopod & leech cocoons are less
frequent.
• Different abundance of parasite in both
collection sites
– Ecology, water quality, seasonal changes
26. Parasite Effects Reference
Epibionts protozoan
Zoothamnium sp.
Epistylis sp.
Acineta sp.
Lagenophrys sp.
Heavy infestation:
Interfere with physiological activities
Cause mortalities
Johnson, 1977;
Villareal & Hutching, 1986;
Brown et al., 1993;
Jayasress et al., 2001
Apostome ciliate cysts Causing stress, possibly pathogenic to the prawn Jayasree et al., 2001
Apicomplexan protozoan
Nematopsis sp.
Heavy infections
Growth retardation & mortalities in culture
system
Causes mortality & lesion
Lightner, 1993;
Lightner, 1996
Digenea
Metacercariae stage
Microphallus brevis in Macrobrachium sp. has
zoonotic significance
Nash, 1989
Isopod
Probopyrus buitendijki Carapace deformities Owens & Mendelin, 1989
27. Future Study
1. Relationship between the seasonal changes with
the abundance of parasites.
2. Life cycle of Nematopsis sp.
3. The species and risks of Lagenophrys sp.
4. The roles and specific status of apostome ciliate
cysts.