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1. NEONATOLOGY
BY: DR AMADU JALLOH

2. NEONATOLOGY
• DEFINITION:
• It is the branch of medicine concerned with the
comprehensive health care of neonates during illness
and wellness.
OR
• Is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the
medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or
premature newborn (up to 28 days after birth).

3. NEONATOLOGY
• It is a hospital based specialty and is usually practiced
in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

4. NEONATAL PERIOD
• The neonatal period commences at birth and ends 28
completed days after birth.
• Early neonatal period; First seven days of life.
• Late neonatal period: 7 to 28 days of life.

5. PERINATAL PERIOD
• The perinatal period commences at 22 completed
weeks(154 days) of gestation (the time when birth
weight is normally 500g), and ends seven completed
days after birth.

6. CLASSIFICATION
(GESTATIONAL AGE)
• PRE-TERM < 37 WEEKS
• TERM 37 TO 42 WEEKS
• POST TERM >42 WEEKS

7. CLASSIFICATION
(BIRTH WEIGHT)
• NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT: 2.5 TO 3.5KG
• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT < 2.5KG
• LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE: >4.2KG

8. NEONATAL CARE
• Neonatal care involves;
• Patients (Baby) – Parents – Nurses – Clinical officers
(PTP) – Doctors – and – Consultants.

9. COMPONENTS OF NICU

10. COMPONENTS OF NICU

11. COMPONENTS OF NICU

12. COMPONENTS OF NICU

13. COMPONENTS OF NICU

14. COMMON CASES OF NICU
ADMISSION
• Preterm
• Neonatal jaundice
• Neonatal sepsis
• Birth asphyxia
• Meconium Aspiration
• Congenital disorders

15. MORTALITY
RATES
DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT

16. LIVE BIRTH
• Complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of
a product of conception irrespective of the
duration of the pregnancy, which, after such
separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of
life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the
umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary
muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been
cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such
a birth is considered LIVEBORN.

17. FETAL DEATH, STILLBIRTH
• Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction
from its mother of a product of conception,
irrespective of the duration of pregnancy; the death
is indicated by the fact that after such separation the
fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of
life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the
umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary
muscles.

18. PERINATAL MORTALITY
• An important indicator of:
• Maternal Care
• Maternal health and nutrition
• Quality of obstetric and paediatric care

19. PERINATAL MORTALITY
• Perinatal Mortality Rate:
• The number of deaths of foetuses (according to the
reporting criteria) plus the number of early neonatal
deaths, per 1000 total births.
• Fetal and Early Neonatal Deaths x 1000
Total Births

20. NEONATAL MORTALITY
• Neonatal mortality is when a baby dies in
the first 28 days of life.
OR
• Death amongst live births before 28 days
of age (whatever the gestation at birth)

21. NEONATAL MORTALITY
RATE
Neonatal mortality rate is the number
of neonates dying before reaching 28
days of age; per 1000 live births.

22. EARLY NEONATAL
MORTALITY RATE
• The number of early neonatal deaths during a given
year per 1,000 live births in the same year.

23. POST-NEONATAL
MORTALITY RATE
• The number of deaths of infants aged 28 days to 364
days, per 1,000 live births.
• Post neonatal death x 1000
• live Births

24. CAUSES OF NEONATAL
MORTALITY
The major causes of neonatal mortality are –
• (1) INFECTIONS (36%)
-Sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Tetanus
- Diarrhoea
- Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)

25. CAUSES OF NEONATAL
MORTALITY
2) Pre-term/low birth weight baby (28%)
3) Birth asphyxia (23%)
4) Birth injury (4%)
5) Congenital (5%)
6) Unspecified (4%)
7) Other causes (2%)

26. INFANT MORTALITY RATE
• The number of deaths of infants aged less than one
year, per 1000 live Births
• Deaths under one year of age x 1000
Live Births

27. CHILD MOTALITY
• THE MOST IMPORTANT
IS
• UNDER- 5 MORTALITY RATE

28. UNDER -5 MORTALITY RATE
• A leading indicator of the level of child health and
overall development in countries.
• The fourth indicator of 8 MDGs

29. UNDER -5 MORTALITY RATE
• The number of deaths of children aged less than 5
years, per 1000 live births
• Deaths under 5 years of age x 1000
Live Births

30. THANK YOU