3. Neonatology
Neonatology is a subspecialty
of Paediatrics that consists of the medical
care of newborn infants, especially the ill or
premature newborn (up to 28 days after birth)
neo, "new", natal, "pertaining to birth or origin“
It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually
practiced in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
(NICUs)
15. I. Respiratory Distress Syndrome
II. Neonatal Jaundice
III.Neonatal Sepsis
IV.Pre-term
V. Hemorrhagic diseases
VI.CNS problems
VII.Meconium Aspiration
VIII.Pre and post -operative cases
Common Cases of NICU Admission
17. 1.Name: Mother name/ Fathers name
2. Gender : Male, Female or ambiguous genitalia!
3. Sibling: History of other siblings - IUD , Abortions ,
RH,ABO incompatibility , Metabolic, genetic diseases
4. Consanguinity : For congenital abnormalities
5. Mode of delivery? SVD or LSCS
6. Gestational age: Full term or preterm
Ballard Maturational Assessment
7. Age of the Baby
8. Maternal risk factors G.. P.. + ….
History taking
18. 5. Mode of delivery? SVD or LSCS
LSCS SVD
• Cause ?
• Anesthesia
• More Liable for RDS
• Obstructed labor
• Traumatic Labor
• Less liable for RD
21. Live Birth
Complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a
product of conception, irrespective of the duration of
the pregnancy, which, after such separation,
breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as
beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord,
or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether
or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta
is attached; each product of such a birth is
considered liveborn
22. Fetal Death, Stillbirth
Death prior to the complete expulsion
or extraction from its mother of a
product of conception, irrespective of
the duration of pregnancy; the death is
indicated by the fact that after such
separation the fetus does not breathe
or show any other evidence of life,
such as beating of the heart, pulsation
of the umbilical cord, or definite
movement of voluntary muscles
23. Perinatal Mortality
An important indicator of:
Maternal care
Maternal health and nutrition
Quality of obstetric and paediatric care
24. Perinatal Mortality
Perinatal Mortality Rate:
The number of deaths of fetuses
(according to the reporting criteria) plus the
number of early neonatal deaths, per 1000
total births
x 1000
Pakistan 40.7 per 1000 live births(2012)
Fetal and Early Neonatal Deaths
___________________________
Total Births
25. Neonatal Mortality
Neonatal Mortality Rate:
The number of deaths of infants during the
neonatal period, per 1000 live births
x 1000
Pakistan 42 per 1000 live births.(
Neonatal Deaths
_______________
Live Births
26. Neonatal Mortality
Early Neonatal Mortality Rate:
The number of early neonatal deaths
during a given year per 1,000 live births in
the same year.
x 1000
Pakistan__?_ no rate calculated
Early Neonatal Deaths
____________________
Live Births
27. Post-Neonatal Mortality
Post-Neonatal Mortality Rate:
The number of deaths of infants aged 28 to
364 days, per 1000 live births
x 1000
Post-Neonatal Deaths
___________________
Live Births
28. Infant Mortality
Infant Mortality Rate:
The number of deaths of infants aged less
than one year, per 1000 live births
x 1000
Pakistan 53.9 per 1000 live births (2016)
Deaths under 1 yr of age
_____________________
Live Births
30. Under-5 Mortality Rate
A leading indicator of the level of child
health and overall development in
countries.
The fourth indicator of 8 MDGs
(Millennium Development Goals)
31. Under-5 Mortality Rate
Under-5 Mortality Rate:
The number of deaths of children aged
less than 05 year, per 1000 live births
x 1000
Pakistan 86 per 1000 live births (2016)
Deaths under 5 yr of age
_____________________
Live Births