John McCarthy is considered the father of artificial intelligence. He coined the term "artificial intelligence" in 1955 and defined it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." There are four main types of AI: reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-awareness. Recent advances in AI include natural language generation, speech recognition, virtual agents, decision management, biometrics, machine learning, robotic process automation, and peer-to-peer networks. While AI offers advantages like reducing task time and enabling complex tasks at low cost, some experts are concerned it may lead to a loss of skills in people by automating repetitive jobs.