The document discusses the Blue Gene/L supercomputer system. It provides an overview of the overall organization and communications hardware of the Blue Gene/L system, including its torus network and tree architecture. It also discusses the system software, including the software for I/O and compute nodes, the compiler and runtime support, and the communication infrastructure. The document outlines how the Blue Gene/L system has been used for various scientific applications and simulations.
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
There
Performance and Flexibility for Mmultiple-Processor SoC DesignYalagoud Patil
Concepts, limitations of traditional ASIC design
Extensible processors as an alternative to RTL
Toward multiple-processor SoCs
Processors and disruptive technology
Conclusions
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
There
Performance and Flexibility for Mmultiple-Processor SoC DesignYalagoud Patil
Concepts, limitations of traditional ASIC design
Extensible processors as an alternative to RTL
Toward multiple-processor SoCs
Processors and disruptive technology
Conclusions
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Blue Gene is a massively parallel computer being developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center .Blue Gene represents a hundred-fold improvement on performance compared with the fastest supercomputers of today. It will achieve 1 PetaFLOP /sec through unprecedented levels of parallelism in excess of 4,0000,000 threads of execution.
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Colloque IMT - L'IA au cœur des mutations industrielles - Session Optimisation: L'IA pour la performance des réseaux. Présentation par Léonardo Linguaglossa, Chercheur post-doctorant (Télécom ParisTech)
Blue Gene is a massively parallel computer being developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center .Blue Gene represents a hundred-fold improvement on performance compared with the fastest supercomputers of today. It will achieve 1 PetaFLOP /sec through unprecedented levels of parallelism in excess of 4,0000,000 threads of execution.
Blue brain enables humans to give new dimensions to science and technology and make enormous development in making the best possible enlightenment to the present scenario.the details can be seen by going though the power point presentation
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2. INDEX
Introduction
Overview of system blue gene/l supercomputer
Blue gene system software
Blue gene/l simulation environment
Trends in supercomputer
Programming methodologies for petascale computing
Validating the architecture with application programs
Blue Gene science applications development
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
3. Overview of system blue gene/l supercomputer
Overall Organization
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
7. ETHERNET
JTAG
Outline of the Blue Gene/L system software.
Only I/O nodes are attached to the Gbit/s Ethernet network, giving
1024x1Gbit/s links to external file servers.
The JTAG protocol is used for reading and writing to any address of the 16 KB
SRAMs in the BG/L chips.
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
8. Hardware Technologies for petascale computing
Special Purpose hardware
5 main categories:
• Conventional technologies
• Processing in-memory (PIM) designs
• Designs based on super conducting processor technology
• Special purpose hardware designs
• Schemes that use the aggregate computing power of Web-distributed processors
Built a family of special-purpose attached processors for performing the
gravitational force computations that form the inner loop of N-body simulation
problems.
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
9. Blue Gene System Software
System Software for the I/O Nodes
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
10. System Software for the Compute Nodes
System Management Software
Compiler and Run-time Support
CIOD in two scenarios:
• driven by a console shell (called CIOMAN)
• driven by a job scheduler (such as LoadLeveler)
Midplane Management and Control System (MMCS)
•low level hardware operations
• turn on power supplies, monitor temperature sensors and fans,
and react accordingly.
• configure and initialize IDo, Link and BG/L chips
• read and write configuration registers, SRAM and reset the cores
of a BG/L chip.
• Linux for I/O nodes
• BLRTS for compute nodes
The custom control library can perform:
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
12. Blue Gene/L Simulation Environment
Trends in Performance of Super Computer
Programming methodologies for petascale computing
Validating the architecture with application programs
•Rapid changes in vendors, architectures, technologies, and system
usagein last 50 yrs.
•The Top500 list has been updated twice a year since June 1993
BlueGene/L’s unique features are especially appealing for ASCI-scale
scientific applications.
•A data parallel programming language,
•Message passing between sequential processes,
•Multithreading
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
13. Blue Gene science applications development
B. E. COMPUTER SEMINAR
•It is the application platform for the Blue Gene Science program
•It serves as a prototyping platform for research into application
frameworks suitable for cellular architectures.
•It provides an application perspective in close contact with the
hardware and systems software development teams
14. Conclusion/Summary Point
•New series of high performance machines
•The first small prototypes will be available
•Simulation environment
•Demonstrate a complete and functional system
software environment before hardware becomes available
15. Bibliography
[1] “An Overview of the Blue Gene /L System Software Organization”, 5 5
George Alm’asi, Ralph Bellofatto, Jos´e Brunheroto , C¢alin Cas¸caval ,
Jos´e G. Casta˜nos , Luis Ceze , Paul Crumley , C. Christopher Erway ,
Joseph Gagliano , Derek Lieber , Xavier Martorell , Jos´e E. Moreira ,
Alda Sanomiya , and Karin Strauss
[2] “High Performance Computing-The Quest for Petascale Computing”,
Jack J. Dongarra, David W. Walker
[3] “An Overview of Blue Gene/L Supercomputer”, W Barrett, C Engel, B
Drehmel, B Hilgart, D Hill, F Kasemkhani, D Krolak, CT Li, T Liebsch, J Marcella,
A Muff, A Okomo, M Rouse, A Schram, M Tubbs, G Ulsh, C Wait, J Wittrup
