The document discusses the Blue Gene supercomputer project by IBM. It describes Blue Gene as a massively parallel supercomputer using thousands of PowerPC processors to support large memory. The name "Blue Gene" refers to IBM's corporate color blue and the intended use of computational biology and protein folding. The project began in 1999 with a $100M effort to build a petaflop supercomputer. There have been four Blue Gene projects including BlueGene/L, the first system which achieved over 280 teraflops and set performance records.
Blue Gene is a massively parallel computer being developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center .Blue Gene represents a hundred-fold improvement on performance compared with the fastest supercomputers of today. It will achieve 1 PetaFLOP /sec through unprecedented levels of parallelism in excess of 4,0000,000 threads of execution.
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
Blue Gene is a massively parallel computer being developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center .Blue Gene represents a hundred-fold improvement on performance compared with the fastest supercomputers of today. It will achieve 1 PetaFLOP /sec through unprecedented levels of parallelism in excess of 4,0000,000 threads of execution.
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
This is the presentation on clusters computing which includes information from other sources too including my own research and edition. I hope this will help everyone who required to know on this topic.
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
There
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
This is the presentation on clusters computing which includes information from other sources too including my own research and edition. I hope this will help everyone who required to know on this topic.
Blue Gene_SM
Introduction
The word "supercomputer" entered the mainstream lexicon in 1996 and 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer challenged the world chess champion in two tournaments broadcast around the world.
Since then, IBM has been busy improving its supercomputer technology and tackling much deeper problems.
Their latest project, code named Blue Gene, is poised to shatter all records for computer and network performance.
What is a Super Computer
A supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience.
Why we need Super Computers
Supercomputers are very useful in highly calculation-intensive tasks such as
Problems involving quantum physics,
Weather forecasting,
Climate research,
Molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),
Physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion).
Why we need Super Computers
Also, they are useful for a particular class of problems, known as Grand Challenge problems, full solution for such problems require semi-infinite computing resources.
NASA™s Linux-based Super Computer
Why Supercomputers are Fast
Several elements of a supercomputer contribute to its high level of performance:
Numerous high-performance processors (CPUs) for parallel processing
Specially-designed high-speed internal networks
Specially-designed or tuned operating systems
What is Blue gene
Blue Gene is a computer architecture project designed to produce several supercomputers that are designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS = 1015) range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS (teraFLOPS = 1012).
It is a cooperative project among IBM(particularly IBM Rochester and the Thomas J. Watson Research Center), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy (which is partially funding the project), and academia.
Why Blue Gene
Blue Gene is an IBM Research project dedicated to exploring the
frontiers in supercomputing:
in computer architecture,
in the software required to program and control massively parallel systems, and
in the use of computation to advance the understanding of important biological processes such as protein folding.
Learning more about biomolecular mechanisms is expected to give medical researchers better understanding of diseases, as well as potential cures.
Why the name Blue gene
Blue - The corporate color of IBM
Gene - The intended use of the Blue Gene clusters was for Computational biology.
Blue Gene Projects
There
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
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2. Content
What is Blue Gene
Why the name “Blue Gene”?
History
Results
Blue Gene Projects
References
3. What is Blue Gene
A massively parallel supercomputer using tens of
thousands of embedded PowerPC processors
supporting a large memory space
With standard compilers
and message passing
environment
4. Why the name “Blue Gene”?
“Blue”: The corporate color of IBM
“Gene”: The intended use of the Blue Gene
clusters – Computational biology, specifically,
protein folding
5. History
Dec’99, IBM Research announced $100M US effort to build
a Petaflop scale supercomputer.
Two goals of The Blue Gene project :
Massively parallel machine architecture and software
Bio-Molecular Simulation – advance orders of magnitude
November 2001, Partnership with Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory (LLNL)
7. Blue Gene Projects
Four Blue Gene projects :
BlueGene/L
BlueGene/C
BlueGene/P
BlueGene/Q
8. Blue Gene/L
The first computer in the Blue Gene
series
IBM first announced the Blue Gene/L
project, Sept. 29, 2004
Final configuration was launched in
October 2005
9. Blue Gene/L - Unsurpassed Performance
Designed to deliver the most performance per
kilowatt of power consumed
Theoretical peak performance of 360 TFLOPS
Final Configuration (Oct. ‘05) scores over 280
TFLOPS sustained on the Linpack benchmark.
Nov 14, ‘06, at Supercomputing 2006, Blue
Gene/L was awarded the winning prize in all
HPC Challenge Classes of awards.
10. Blue Gene/L Architecture
Can be scaled up to 65,536 compute or I/O
nodes, with 131,072 processors
Each node is a single ASIC with associated
DRAM memory chips
Each ASIC has 2 700 MHz IBM PowerPC
processors
PowerPC processors
Low-frequency, low-power embedded processors,
superior to today's high-frequency, high-power
microprocessors by a factor of 2 or more
11. Blue Gene/L Architecture contd…
Double-pipeline-double-precision Floating Point Unit
A cache sub-system with built-in DRAM controller
Node CPUs are not cache coherent with one another
FPUs and CPUs are designed for low power consumption
Using transistors with low leakage current
Local clock gating
Putting the FPU or CPU/FPU pair to sleep
13. Blue Gene/L Architecture contd…
1 rack holds 1024 nodes or 2048 processors
Nodes optimized for low power consumption
ASIC based on System-on-a-chip technology
Large numbers of low-power system-on-a-chip technology
allows it to outperform commodity clusters while saving on
power
Aggressive packaging of processors, memory and
interconnect
Power Efficient & Space Efficient
Allows for latencies and bandwidths that are significantly
better than those for nodes typically used in ASC scale
supercomputers
14. Blue Gene/L Networks
Each node is attached to 3 main parallel
communication networks
3D Torus network - peer-2-peer between compute nodes
Collective network – collective & global communication
Ethernet network - I/O and management (such as access to
any node for configuration, booting and diagnostics )
15. Blue Gene/L System Software
System software supports efficient execution of
parallel applications
Compiler support for DFPU (C, C++, Fortran)
Compute nodes use a minimal operating system
called “BlueGene/L compute node kernel”
A lightweight, single-user operating system
Supports execution of a single dual-threaded application
compute process
Kernel provides a single and static virtual address space to
one running compute process
Because of single-process nature, no context switching
required
16. Blue Gene/L System Software contd…
To allow multiple programs to run concurrently
Blue Gene/L system can be partitioned into electronically
isolated sets of nodes
The number of nodes in a partition must be a positive integer
power of 2
To run program – reserve this partition
No other program can use till partition is done with current
program
With so many nodes, component failures are inevitable. The
system is able to electrically isolate faulty hardware to allow
the machine to continue to run
17. Blue Gene/L System Software contd…
Parallel Programming model
Message Passing – supported through an implementation of
MPI
Only a subset of POSIX calls are supported
Green threads are also used to simulate local concurrency