presentation

1. Clean environment as the
basis of public health; role of
government in
environmental health;
pesticides; industrial
chemicals; occupational
exposures;
Maiko Janashia

3. A clean and healthy environment has:
safe food and water supply,
proper waste disposal,
clean air,
no pests such as flies,
cockroaches and mosquitoes
• Maintaining a clean environment helps keep
diseases away and fosters growth and
development of children.

4. Why is clean so important?
By safely and effectively removing soils, germs and other
contaminants, they help us to stay healthy, care for our
homes and possessions, and make our surroundings
more pleasant.
Regular cleaning and disinfecting can do a good job of
removing allergens and germs, helping to prevent
illnesses and promote wellness.

5. How to protect our environment?
Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you throw
away. ...
Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. ...
Educate. ...
Conserve water. ...
Choose sustainable. ...
Shop wisely. ...
Use long-lasting light bulbs. ...
Plant a tree.

6. Role of Government in Environmental Health
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IS CLEARLY THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT.
MANY ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, SUCH AS
AIR POLLUTION, ARE BEYOND THE CONTROL OF
THE INDIVIDUAL.
OTHERS CAN BE AVOIDED ONLY AT SIGNIFICANT
TROUBLE AND EXPENSE—FOR EXAMPLE, IF
PEOPLE GROW THEIR OWN VEGETABLES, OR
BUY THEM FROM FARMERS WHOSE
AGRICULTURAL METHODS THEY HAVE
INSPECTED THEMSELVES.

7. Environment
al Protection
Agency (EPA)
:
• was established to
consolidate federal research,
monitoring, standards-
setting, and enforcement
activities to achieve a cleaner,
healthier environment in the
United States.

8. Perhaps the most difficult environmental health issue people face today
is the threat that human activities worldwide are changing the earth’s
climate.
The biggest concern is the accumulation of “greenhouse gases” in the
atmosphere. This problem, which may significantly affect human health,
transcends national boundaries.
Although the United Nations has sponsored international meetings on
this issue and governments have signed treaties designed to bring the
problem under control, there is no way of enforcing these agreements.

9. • A major role of the federal government in environmental health is to identify
hazards in the environment and to set safety standards that must be met by
industry and by state and local governments to protect people from these
hazards.
• Both the identification of a substance as hazardous and the setting of
standards are often difficult and controversial. The risks posed by most
synthetic chemicals that are discharged into the environment by industrial
processes or that are disposed of by consumers are unknown

10. Radiation:
• is an environmental health hazard
that people tend to worry about only
when it is artificially produced. In
reality, all people are exposed to
cosmic radiation in varying amounts
depending on where they live, and
natural radioactive materials are
found in soils and rocks in many
parts of the world.

11. Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals
Studies looking for
environmental pesticides
discovered that a related
group of chemicals,
polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), also turned up often.
Unlike pesticides, these
chemicals were used mainly in
sealed systems—capacitors,
transformers, and heat
exchangers—but were still
entering the environment in
large quantities and getting
into the food chain.

12. Other chemicals that have stimulated concern in the last few years include
bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. Both are components of the plastics commonly
used in food and drink containers, capable of leaching into the containers’
contents and being consumed.
BPA is found in hard plastics used to make everything from compact discs to baby
bottles and linings of soft drink and food cans.
Phthalates are used to produce soft and flexible materials such as vinyl flooring,
shower curtains, and some water bottles; they are also used in personal-care
products such as soaps, shampoos, hair sprays, and nail polishes

13. Occupational
Exposures:
Workers as
Guinea Pigs
Workers are regularly exposed to
larger amounts of toxic
substances on the job than most
of the population is ever likely to
encounter.
Consequently, workers tend to be
the first and foremost victims
who suffer from any harmful
health effects caused by
exposures to these chemicals.

14. Many chemicals that all people
encounter in everyday life may have
unrecognized effects at low doses,
causing unexplained cancer,
neurologic disorders, and
reproductive disorders in susceptible
individuals.
Workers, because they are often
exposed to larger quantities, may
inadvertently serve as the guinea
pigs that call attention to the
dangers.

15. • Chemicals identified as carcinogens through
occupational exposures include benzidine, which
caused bladder cancer in dye factory workers;
arsenic, which caused lung and lymphatic cancer in
copper smelters; and vinyl chloride, used to make
some plastics, which causes angiosarcoma, a rare
cancer of the liver

16. • Providing a clean environment, a necessity for
human health, is one of the most important
functions of government.
• When people began to live together in cities and
towns, they became dependent on the
government—traditionally the local government—
to provide clean drinking water and safe disposal
of wastes.
• As the American population grew, municipalities
and industry discharged their wastes into the air,
water, and land, and it became apparent that the
environment was deteriorating.

17. Identification of hazards is an important
first step in creating a safe environment.
While environmental health has
traditionally focused on microbial
pathogens, many other phenomena can
threaten human health.
Radiation, both natural and human-
made, can be highly dangerous to living
organisms, something that was not
recognized when x-rays were first
discovered. Many metals and minerals,
including lead, mercury, and asbestos,
are toxic to humans

18. • Pesticides and some industrial chemicals
have been widely disseminated in the
environment and have been absorbed
into the fatty tissues of animals and
humans, where they persist indefinitely,
sometimes with harmful effects.

19. ENVIRONMENTALISTS HAVE ALSO
RECOGNIZED THE HAZARDS OF ANIMAL
WASTES FROM FACTORY FARMS.

20. • These wastes are collected in “lagoons”
and may be sprayed on fields, causing air
and water pollution. Nearby residents and
communities are often powerless to
object to the unpleasant odors and,
sometimes, toxic fumes.

21. 1.Which of the following food-borne bacterial pathogen can cause meningitis
Listeria;
2.Which of the following water-related disease can cause severe, sometimes life
threatening forms of diarrhea:
Cholera;
3.Which of the following virus is the most common etiologic pathogen for viral diarrhea?
Norovirus;
4. Which of the following is the greatest portion in composition of municipal
solid waste?
-Paper

22. Basic literature
• IntroductiontoPublicHealth.Mary-JaneSchneider.Jones&Bartlett Learning. 6th Edition by, 2020
• CHAPTER 20
Mental Health: Public Health Includes Healthy Minds
(819-851)