Stephen Hawking was a renowned English theoretical physicist and cosmologist known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and general relativity. [1] He was diagnosed with ALS at a young age but continued his scientific work despite being wheelchair-bound and dependent on a computerized voice system for communication. [2] Hawking formulated theories on black holes and the origin and structure of the universe, making him one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. [3] His work helped further scientific understanding of gravity and the laws of nature at the scale of planets, stars, and galaxies.

1. BY:CHIRAG .C. SHETTY
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3. The power of the mind
For the brilliant English astrophysicist Stephen
Hawking "thought is the most powerful tool, in
addition to many things: his work, its fun, rest,
his passion, his life ... His wheelchair is a very
special advantage in the task of faces his
greatest concern: the universe we live in, its
origin, its operations and its end ...., Hawking
has demonstrated the ability of the human
mind to probe the universe in this task when
one character works tirelessly driven by an
absolute freedom ".
(John Boslough.'s Universe Stephen Hawking)

4. Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 (300 years after the
death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents were Frank and Elizabeth
Hawking, who had three children: Stephen, Philippa and Mary, and adopted a
boy named Edward.

5. When he was eight, his
family moved to St.
Albans, a town about 20
miles north of London.
At the age of eleven,
Stephen went to St.
Albans School and then
at University College,
Oxford where for three
years (1959-1962)
studied physics, which
studies the conclusion,
A los 12 años, en el jardín de su casa en St Alban y en 1962
durante su graduación en Oxford.
in 1962, awarded first class honors in the specialty of Natural Sciences. But what
attracted him was the cosmology, for what happens to study at the University of
Cambridge, obtaining his Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, in 1966.

6. Only two more years
In full bloom of youth, Stephen
begins to feel some variation in the
speed of their movements, which
become clumsy. At the insistence
of his mother, see the doctor and
after several tests he was
diagnosed, in early 1963,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
or Lou Gehrig's disease, rare
disease characterized by
degeneration
progressive nervous system cells responsible for voluntary muscle movement.
The symptoms of his illness became acute when in Persia, where he traveled
in spite of knowing and his evil, he contracted a virus. His health deteriorated
so much that doctors risked two years of life predicted maximum.

7. Stephen Hawking with his wife Jane and his
son Tim after receiving his honorary degree at
the University of Cambridge.

8. Member of the Royal Society
When Hawking received his doctorate (1966)
worked with Roger Penrose in the
mathematical proof of the beginning of time.
At this time began his teaching as an adjunct
professor of Applied Mathematics and
Theoretical Physics at Cambridge. Formulated
theories about the uniqueness of the universe,
the Big Bang, or the original explosion of
Cosmos-and black holes.
In 1974, when he was 32, he was conferred an
honorary one of the most important of Great
Britain membership of the Royal Society, the
most prestigious scientific institution in the
world. Hawking became one of the younger
members who had the said company.
At that time, Alan Hodgkin, Nobel Prize in
Biology and Chairman of the society, had to
approach the wheelchair to sign the book
Hawking credited him as a member of the
famed institution.

9. Another tough test
In 1985, meeting at The European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN), Stephen suffered an acute episode of
pneumonia that was complicated as the doctors came to tell
Jane, his wife, who was not worth keeping the life support
machine lit. Nevertheless,

10. The technique allows you to overcome this
challenge
With such a difficult life, stoic and full of
voluntarism for granted that Stephen was
once again prevail. And so it happened. Walter
Woltosz, a California computer expert, he
decided to send him a design and creation
software that would allow him to speak again
through a synthesizer. This synthesizer set by
David Mason to the wheelchair in which he
was
prostrate accompany him the rest of his life and through which Stephen would
continue with all its academic and research work.
Today, Hawking has replaced its old voice synthesizer with a new one with a British
English accent. The former had an American accent.
This new device is mounted, as above, in his wheelchair, and can process any type
or size of text (such as email) and offering greater precision.

11. A Beautiful Mind
Hakwing academic career is
surprisingly bright. It starts with the
procurement, ranking first as a
researcher and later as a teacher at
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
In 1973 the Institute of Astronomy
leaves to join the Department of
Applied Mathematics and Physics
Theoretical, also in Cambridge, and in 1977 was appointed professor of
Gravitational Physics. In 1979 he received the appointment of Lucasian
Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, famous chair occupied by such brilliant
minds such as Isaac Newton and Paul Adrien Dirac.
It also has twelve honorary graduations in such prestigious institutions as
Oxford, Cambridge, Yale, Berkeley, Harvard, etc. In addition, a member of the
U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
Mention in 1989 and received a double international: Queen Elizabeth II named
him a Companion of Honour and Spain granted the Prince of Asturias Award for
Concord.

12. Talking about disability
Stephen Hawking is aware of their suffering but also the serene face
of adversity and confrontation which is more worthy of admiration,
how could confront and tame without losing the humility that
characterizes the scholar but not to the wise.
In an interview made by the BBC was asked:
- Why do you think you have made ​it famous as a scientist? Do you
think your disability has to do with that?
And Hawking said:
"I'm sure my disability has to do with why people are fascinated by
the contrast between my very limited physical powers, and the vast
nature of the universe I deal with. I'm the archetype of a disabled
genius, or rather, a physically challenged genius, to be precise. At
least I'm obviously with physical disabilities. If I am a genius that is
more open to doubt.

13. Hawking in Oviedo (northern Spain), April 2005,
for opening acts of the XXV anniversary of the
Prince of Asturias Awards. He had received, in
1989, the Prince of Asturias Award for Concord,
both for scientific as the example of his response
to adversity in their fight against amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS).
In his speech at that time said:
"There are good scientific programs on television,
but some have only scientific marvels as
something magical, without explaining whether or
not to show how they fit into the framework of
science. The producers of scientific programs for
television should realize they have a responsibility
to educate the public, not just to entertain. "