Best way to study history...is by presentation . You should learn this ppt to learn more about class 9 history and score 99% in SSST.

1. FOREST SOCIETY
AND COLONIALISM
RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY

2. Introduction

3. Forestry Acts
1. Scientific forestry led to elimination of biodiversity.
2. Plantation was introduced.
3. Forest officials were responsible for executing forest
management plans.
4. The 1865 Forest Act was amended twice (1878 and
1927).
5. The 1878 amendment divided forests into three groups
• Reserved : protected forests with the natural habitat that has
high degree of protection from any kind of hunting and poaching.
• Protected : an area or mass of land notified under the provisions
of Indian forest act or the state forests act having limited degree
of protection.
• Village : a forest in which the villagers guards the forest.
6. The 1927 act reserved areas having significant wildlife or
forest cover.

4. Effect on people's lives
.The British rulers restricted the forest area with the thought
that the farmers are wasting the area by cultivation.
.Though the forest area was preserved, the colonial
Government started using it for their commercial purpose.
.The British rulers were taking advantage of the forest society
and colonialism for their commercial crop and wood
production.
.Therefore, the British Government made a rule so that the
forest areas are not destroyed.
.Thus, the forest act and the forest society turned into
colonialism.

5. Effect on cultivation
European colonialism impacted the practise
shifting cultivation .It was practised asia,africa
and south america.
Crops commonly used for for shifting cultivation
1.India and Africa-millets
2.Brazil-manioc
3.latin america-maize and beans
However this practise had many disadvantages
1.soil erosion and deforestation
2.burning of tress causes air pollution
3. forest fire could take place

6. However it had its advantages too:
1.It didn't require use fertilizers
2.this practise is eco-friendly and organic
3.It is highly efficient in hilly areas
Due to its sevre disadvantages the practise
of shifting cultivation was banned and this
led to many cultivators being ,displaced,
unemployed or changing occupation

7. Hunting during colonialism
-Colonialism is a practice or policy of control
by one nation over the people living in
different areas or countries, often by
establishing colonies and generally with the
aim of economic dominance.
-Hunting was made illegal to the indigenous
forest tribes and common mass in colonial
India.
-The same became a sport for Kings,
zamindars, and British officials.
-They formed a society to supervise all the
laws and their execution, which was named
the forest society.
-British viewed killing large animals such as
tigers, wolves, leopards as a process to make
India a civilized nation.

8. New Trades New Employments And New Services
• In Trade, New opportunities emerged. The trade of
forests was not new in India.
• The Banjaras and other nomadic communities
were the intermediaries for the Adivasi
communities' trading of elephants and other items,
including hides, horns, silk cocoons, ivory, bamboo,
spices, fibres, grasses, gums, and resins, during the
mediaeval era.
• However, the government controlled every aspect
of trade, giving some sizable European trading
companies the exclusive authority to deal in the
forest products of specific regions.
• The well-being of the populace did not improve
with new employment options.