This teaching Material is for Grade - 9 Science. Here we are trying to cover Machine from Unit 3. We provide teaching material at no cost. Please don't forget to recommend/reference our teaching Material after use.
This document is the final project report for controlling an inverted pendulum system. It includes modeling the nonlinear dynamics of the pendulum cart system and deriving the state space equations. The goal is to balance the pendulum in the vertically upward unstable equilibrium position using feedback control. The report outlines modeling the system, linearizing about the unstable point, designing a feedback controller using linear quadratic regulation, and simulating the closed-loop response. Parameter perturbations are also analyzed through simulation to study the transient behavior and stability margins of the controlled system.
1) The document describes the equation of motion of an inverted pendulum attached to a moving cart. It provides background on control theory and pendulums.
2) A simulation was created using Simulink to model an inverted pendulum with and without a controller. In the open loop model, a disturbance force caused the pendulum to fall over.
3) In the closed loop model with a controller, two disturbance forces were applied but the controller kept the pendulum balanced by moving the cart, showing the equation of motion works.
Stairs Detection Algorithm for Tri-Star Wheeled Robot and Experimental Valida...Premier Publishers
This paper presents two contributions in the development of stair detection algorithm for climbing robot. First, a new tri-star wheeled mechanism was developed to smoothly overcome the stairs. Second, the sensor-based algorithm was proposed for detection of stairs and switching states autonomously. Two motor driven ultrasonic sensors feed the posture information of the robot back to the controller to recognize the climbing environment. The validity of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated through experiments in realizing climbing environment. The experiments prove that the proposed algorithm can do rolling, ascending and descending on the staircase.
This document describes the design and control of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum system using a PID controller. Key points:
- An inverted pendulum is inherently unstable and must be actively balanced to remain upright. A feedback network using a PID controller provides self-balancing.
- The concept is applied to a two-wheeled vehicle, with self-balancing attained through a PID closed-loop feedback system.
- Components used include an Arduino Uno microcontroller, MPU6050 sensor, L298N motor driver, and DC motors. The MPU6050 provides position and angle values. PID tuning balances stability and response.
- Testing showed the two-wheeled inverted pendulum
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimal Control for Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot IJECEIAES
Two-wheeled self-balancing robot is a popular model in control system experiments which is more widely known as inverted pendulum and cart model. This is a multi-input and multi-output system which is theoretical and has been applied in many systems in daily use. Anyway, most research just focus on balancing this model through try-on experiments or by using simple form of mathematical model. There were still few researches that focus on complete mathematic modeling and designing a mathematical model based controller for such system. This paper analyzed mathematical model of the system. Then, the authors successfully applied a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller for this system. This controller was tested with different case of system condition. Controlling results was proved to work well and tested on different case of system condition through simulation on matlab/Simulink program.
Two wheeled self balancing robot for autonomous navigationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and testing of a two-wheeled self-balancing robot capable of autonomous navigation. The robot balances using a PID control loop applied to data from an inertial measurement unit. A complementary filter fuses gyroscope and accelerometer readings to estimate the robot's tilt angle in real-time. Autonomous navigation is achieved using an ultrasonic distance sensor and image processing system to detect obstacles and determine the robot's path. The stability of the balancing system is analyzed using real-time data plotting in MATLAB, allowing tuning of the PID controller constants.
Diapositivas del Proyecto Diseño y Construcción de una Maqueta de Movimiento ...ERICKALEXANDERGUANOL
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine by a student. The objectives are to build a machine that moves for 10 minutes without additional external energy. Formulas for velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia are used. The machine is made of copper wire, magnets, and a battery. Measurements show the machine moves within acceptable error ranges, validating the design concept.
This teaching Material is for Grade - 9 Science. Here we are trying to cover Machine from Unit 3. We provide teaching material at no cost. Please don't forget to recommend/reference our teaching Material after use.
This document is the final project report for controlling an inverted pendulum system. It includes modeling the nonlinear dynamics of the pendulum cart system and deriving the state space equations. The goal is to balance the pendulum in the vertically upward unstable equilibrium position using feedback control. The report outlines modeling the system, linearizing about the unstable point, designing a feedback controller using linear quadratic regulation, and simulating the closed-loop response. Parameter perturbations are also analyzed through simulation to study the transient behavior and stability margins of the controlled system.
1) The document describes the equation of motion of an inverted pendulum attached to a moving cart. It provides background on control theory and pendulums.
2) A simulation was created using Simulink to model an inverted pendulum with and without a controller. In the open loop model, a disturbance force caused the pendulum to fall over.
3) In the closed loop model with a controller, two disturbance forces were applied but the controller kept the pendulum balanced by moving the cart, showing the equation of motion works.
Stairs Detection Algorithm for Tri-Star Wheeled Robot and Experimental Valida...Premier Publishers
This paper presents two contributions in the development of stair detection algorithm for climbing robot. First, a new tri-star wheeled mechanism was developed to smoothly overcome the stairs. Second, the sensor-based algorithm was proposed for detection of stairs and switching states autonomously. Two motor driven ultrasonic sensors feed the posture information of the robot back to the controller to recognize the climbing environment. The validity of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated through experiments in realizing climbing environment. The experiments prove that the proposed algorithm can do rolling, ascending and descending on the staircase.
This document describes the design and control of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum system using a PID controller. Key points:
- An inverted pendulum is inherently unstable and must be actively balanced to remain upright. A feedback network using a PID controller provides self-balancing.
- The concept is applied to a two-wheeled vehicle, with self-balancing attained through a PID closed-loop feedback system.
- Components used include an Arduino Uno microcontroller, MPU6050 sensor, L298N motor driver, and DC motors. The MPU6050 provides position and angle values. PID tuning balances stability and response.
- Testing showed the two-wheeled inverted pendulum
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimal Control for Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot IJECEIAES
Two-wheeled self-balancing robot is a popular model in control system experiments which is more widely known as inverted pendulum and cart model. This is a multi-input and multi-output system which is theoretical and has been applied in many systems in daily use. Anyway, most research just focus on balancing this model through try-on experiments or by using simple form of mathematical model. There were still few researches that focus on complete mathematic modeling and designing a mathematical model based controller for such system. This paper analyzed mathematical model of the system. Then, the authors successfully applied a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller for this system. This controller was tested with different case of system condition. Controlling results was proved to work well and tested on different case of system condition through simulation on matlab/Simulink program.
Two wheeled self balancing robot for autonomous navigationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and testing of a two-wheeled self-balancing robot capable of autonomous navigation. The robot balances using a PID control loop applied to data from an inertial measurement unit. A complementary filter fuses gyroscope and accelerometer readings to estimate the robot's tilt angle in real-time. Autonomous navigation is achieved using an ultrasonic distance sensor and image processing system to detect obstacles and determine the robot's path. The stability of the balancing system is analyzed using real-time data plotting in MATLAB, allowing tuning of the PID controller constants.
Diapositivas del Proyecto Diseño y Construcción de una Maqueta de Movimiento ...ERICKALEXANDERGUANOL
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine by a student. The objectives are to build a machine that moves for 10 minutes without additional external energy. Formulas for velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia are used. The machine is made of copper wire, magnets, and a battery. Measurements show the machine moves within acceptable error ranges, validating the design concept.
This document describes a student's project to build a perpetual motion machine. It includes the objectives of analyzing perpetual motion, determining phenomena like speed and angular acceleration, and constructing a machine that runs for 10 minutes. It provides materials and procedures. It also covers concepts like the laws of thermodynamics, classifications of perpetual motion, and early designs. Test data and calculations of parameters like RPM, angular velocity, and error are presented. The conclusions note the machine's ability to run for 10 minutes with variable analysis, and recommendations include verification of forces and using steel balls.
Proyecto final Unidad iii Diseño y construcción de una máquina de movimient...DennisAlexanderQuinc
The document describes a student's design and construction of a hypothetical perpetual motion machine. The objectives were to build a machine that could run for 10 minutes continuously and determine values like velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. Materials used included batteries, copper wire, magnets, and cardboard. Tests were conducted to measure runtime, RPM, velocity, acceleration, and inertia. Calculations showed errors below 5% for measured values. It was concluded that while truly perpetual motion is impossible, the design could run over 10 minutes as intended. Recommendations included testing different designs and learning more dynamics concepts.
Diseño y construcción de un maquina de movimiento perpetuoAndreaNicolCabuco
This document describes a student project to design and build a perpetual motion machine. It provides background on perpetual motion machines and why they are considered impossible based on the laws of thermodynamics. It then details the objectives, materials, design, and construction of the student's machine, which took the form of a spinning wooden circle. Testing showed it was able to spin for 10 minutes as intended. Calculations of variables like angular velocity and acceleration were within 2% error margins. In conclusions, the student determined their machine worked as designed but perpetual motion is still impossible due to energy dissipation over time.
DIAPOSITIVAS FISICA I _ MOVIMIENTO PERPETUO _ JUAN ARBOLEDA JuanCarlosArboledaFi
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine of the first kind based on solid materials. It provides objectives, background on the laws of thermodynamics, types of perpetual motion machines, materials used, and calculations related to period, frequency, number of revolutions, angular velocity, linear velocity, and distance measurements. Calculations are also shown for errors in time measurements and revolutions per minute over 10 trials. The overall goal is to analyze the behavior of thermodynamic laws in applying a perpetual motion machine and validate experiments through calculations of physical variables related to average revolutions obtained.
Diseño y construcción de una maqueta de movimiento perpetuo diapositivas BryanToapaxi1
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine as a university project. The objectives were to build a machine that would run for at least 10 minutes and calculate physical phenomena like velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. A prototype was made using plastic bottles, poles, and water to simulate perpetual motion through conservation of energy from an initial impulse. Calculations showed errors less than 2%, and the machine rotated for the target 10 minutes, demonstrating the concepts of rotational dynamics. The conclusions discussed potential improvements and applications of concepts like moments of inertia.
Jiménez willian diseño y construcción de una máquina de movimiento perpetuoWILLIANSANTIAGOJIMEN
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine model by a student at Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. It includes the objectives, introduction to relevant physics concepts, description of the machine, assembly procedure, calculations of variables like RPM, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. Calculations were performed over multiple trials and errors were analyzed. The goal was to design and analyze the machine's principles through its construction and study of rotational dynamics.
Design & Development of Articulated Inspection ARM for in House Inspection in...ijsrd.com
Magnetic confinement of plasma can be achieved using a device Tokamak. Concept of Tokamak confinement is also been tried to develop a fusion reactor. Reactor environment is of high hostile for human intervention due to radiation from activated atoms. For any kind of maintenance works Remote operation is necessary. An attempt was made to arrive at a concept of using articulated inspection arm to check the components if any damage or replacement required during shutdown operation of reactor machine. Proof of concept towards Design and development of articulated inspection arm for Torus Vessel was carried out & a robot having multi link joint with a camera mounted on the end point and also an arm having three degrees of freedom was attempted. The concept was materialized developing an articulated inspection robotic arm.
Multi degree of freedom mechanism for multiple applicationIRJET Journal
This document describes a new multi-degree of freedom mechanism using innovative spherical gears. It consists of a cross spherical gear (CS-gear) supported by a holder and driven by two monopole gears (MP-gears). The MP-gears each drive two degrees of freedom, allowing the mechanism to actively drive three rotational degrees of freedom without slippage. This overcomes limitations of previous designs. The mechanism provides high torque transmission, position accuracy, and a flexible configuration compared to complex existing designs like spherical motors. Key challenges include manufacturing the complex gears, designing the holder for a large range of motion, and ensuring proper gear meshing and backlash.
This document describes work done on closed-loop motor position control for the ERIS project at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). It discusses:
1. Developing direct motor control and control with a grating wheel to an accuracy of 2 arcseconds.
2. Testing open-loop and closed-loop control schemes using resolver and autocollimator feedback. Closed-loop control achieved better precision.
3. Estimating the gear ratio between the motor and grating wheel through homing procedures and revolution counting.
4. Developing position control loops in LabVIEW and PLC software to control the motor and grating wheel to sub-2 arcsecond precision over full and half paths
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine model. It discusses concepts from kinematics such as constant angular velocity and acceleration without a change in angular momentum. It provides details of the materials used to build the model, including a battery, copper wire, magnets, and plastic casing. Calculations are shown for variables like revolutions per minute, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and linear velocity based on experimental trials of the model. Error analysis is performed to determine the accuracy of the measurements.
OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL...ijccmsjournal
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of
manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source.
This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC)
(iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both
rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc
HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough
such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in
minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged
which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process
unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word
process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept.
Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making
Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The focus of the present paper is on development of an optimum Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model
which will predict the experimental evidences accurately and precisely. The optimisation is acknowledged
though variation of various parameters of ANN topology like training algorithm, learning algorithm, size
of hidden layer, number of hidden layers, etc while training the network and accepting the best value of
that parameter. The paper also discusses the effects and results of variation of various parameters on
prediction of network.
OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL...ijccmsjournal
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source. This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC) (iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept. Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The focus of the present paper is on development of an optimum Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which will predict the experimental evidences accurately and precisely. The optimisation is acknowledged though variation of various parameters of ANN topology like training algorithm, learning algorithm, size of hidden layer, number of hidden layers, etc while training the network and accepting the best value of that parameter. The paper also discusses the effects and results of variation of various parameters on prediction of network.
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of
manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source.
This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC)
(iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both
rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc
HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough
such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in
minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged
which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process
unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word
process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept.
Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making
Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The document discusses an online faculty development program on model based system design for automotive engineering using MATLAB. It will cover generating and exporting sine waves, building systems with mathematical equations, and mass-spring-damper systems in the time and S-domains using Simulink. It will also discuss simulating a battery model to monitor parameters like state of charge over time and the relationship between open circuit voltage and state of charge for batteries. The program aims to analyze real-world models and showcase how Simulink can be used to simulate automotive and other engineering systems.
Robots play important roles in day to day
activities of human endeavour and can perform
complex tasks speedily and accurately. Robots are
employed to imitate human behaviours and then
apply these behaviours to the skills that lead to
achieving a certain task in solving the challenges
faced by impaired people in society. This robotic arm
was achieved using light-weight steel iron for the
frames, a moderate torque MG995 Towerpro, and
servo motor. Two Atmega328 Arduino
microcontroller was employed to control the motors
through the use of pulse width modulation
technique. Mathematical models were developed for
the mechanism to represent the kinematics involved
at each joint with mathematical variables. Then, the
stability of the system was carried out using a step
input signal being a type zero system.
Diapositivas_Construcción de Máquina de Movimiento Perpetuo_Zea PaulPaulAndresZeaLarrea
This document describes a student project to design and construct a perpetual motion machine. It provides background context on previous attempts at building perpetual motion machines. The student's objectives are to build a machine that can run continuously for at least 10 minutes. The document outlines the materials that will be used, theoretical concepts regarding energy and thermodynamics, procedures for design, assembly, calibration and error analysis, and results from testing different machine configurations. The best design was able to run for 10 minutes and 36.96 seconds.
1) The document describes the design and implementation of a pick and place robot using a PIC microcontroller, sensors, and DC motors. It includes the mechanical design of the robotic arm and gripper.
2) Simulation results show the robot arm moving in response to signals from the PIC microcontroller to the DC motors. The real-world behavior is then compared to the simulation results.
3) Different robot configurations - including Cartesian, cylindrical, parallel, and SCARA - are evaluated in terms of their advantages and disadvantages for various applications. The document concludes that the articulated robot arm performed pick and place tasks as intended.
Attitude Control of Satellite Test Setup Using Reaction WheelsA. Bilal Özcan
This document summarizes a presentation about attitude control of a satellite test setup using reaction wheels. It describes the mathematical models of DC motors, reaction wheels, and the satellite test setup. It also discusses the implementation of a PID controller to control the satellite's orientation by generating angular velocity references for the reaction wheels. Simulation results show that the settling time of the system was decreased from 21.5 seconds to 6.1 seconds by optimizing the PID gains. Future work is planned to consider effects like vibrations and actuator saturations when testing the system.
1. The document describes a device that generates electricity from gravity by using mechanical components like gears, chains and a mass to rotate a generator motor.
2. As the mass falls due to gravity, it rotates gears and a sprocket connected to the generator motor. This converts the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.
3. The device was able to generate 0.86 Watts of power and light LEDs for 68 seconds using a 3kg mass lifted to a height of 2 meters. It provides a low-cost renewable way to generate small amounts of electricity using gravity.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This document describes a student's project to build a perpetual motion machine. It includes the objectives of analyzing perpetual motion, determining phenomena like speed and angular acceleration, and constructing a machine that runs for 10 minutes. It provides materials and procedures. It also covers concepts like the laws of thermodynamics, classifications of perpetual motion, and early designs. Test data and calculations of parameters like RPM, angular velocity, and error are presented. The conclusions note the machine's ability to run for 10 minutes with variable analysis, and recommendations include verification of forces and using steel balls.
Proyecto final Unidad iii Diseño y construcción de una máquina de movimient...DennisAlexanderQuinc
The document describes a student's design and construction of a hypothetical perpetual motion machine. The objectives were to build a machine that could run for 10 minutes continuously and determine values like velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. Materials used included batteries, copper wire, magnets, and cardboard. Tests were conducted to measure runtime, RPM, velocity, acceleration, and inertia. Calculations showed errors below 5% for measured values. It was concluded that while truly perpetual motion is impossible, the design could run over 10 minutes as intended. Recommendations included testing different designs and learning more dynamics concepts.
Diseño y construcción de un maquina de movimiento perpetuoAndreaNicolCabuco
This document describes a student project to design and build a perpetual motion machine. It provides background on perpetual motion machines and why they are considered impossible based on the laws of thermodynamics. It then details the objectives, materials, design, and construction of the student's machine, which took the form of a spinning wooden circle. Testing showed it was able to spin for 10 minutes as intended. Calculations of variables like angular velocity and acceleration were within 2% error margins. In conclusions, the student determined their machine worked as designed but perpetual motion is still impossible due to energy dissipation over time.
DIAPOSITIVAS FISICA I _ MOVIMIENTO PERPETUO _ JUAN ARBOLEDA JuanCarlosArboledaFi
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine of the first kind based on solid materials. It provides objectives, background on the laws of thermodynamics, types of perpetual motion machines, materials used, and calculations related to period, frequency, number of revolutions, angular velocity, linear velocity, and distance measurements. Calculations are also shown for errors in time measurements and revolutions per minute over 10 trials. The overall goal is to analyze the behavior of thermodynamic laws in applying a perpetual motion machine and validate experiments through calculations of physical variables related to average revolutions obtained.
Diseño y construcción de una maqueta de movimiento perpetuo diapositivas BryanToapaxi1
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine as a university project. The objectives were to build a machine that would run for at least 10 minutes and calculate physical phenomena like velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. A prototype was made using plastic bottles, poles, and water to simulate perpetual motion through conservation of energy from an initial impulse. Calculations showed errors less than 2%, and the machine rotated for the target 10 minutes, demonstrating the concepts of rotational dynamics. The conclusions discussed potential improvements and applications of concepts like moments of inertia.
Jiménez willian diseño y construcción de una máquina de movimiento perpetuoWILLIANSANTIAGOJIMEN
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine model by a student at Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. It includes the objectives, introduction to relevant physics concepts, description of the machine, assembly procedure, calculations of variables like RPM, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and inertia. Calculations were performed over multiple trials and errors were analyzed. The goal was to design and analyze the machine's principles through its construction and study of rotational dynamics.
Design & Development of Articulated Inspection ARM for in House Inspection in...ijsrd.com
Magnetic confinement of plasma can be achieved using a device Tokamak. Concept of Tokamak confinement is also been tried to develop a fusion reactor. Reactor environment is of high hostile for human intervention due to radiation from activated atoms. For any kind of maintenance works Remote operation is necessary. An attempt was made to arrive at a concept of using articulated inspection arm to check the components if any damage or replacement required during shutdown operation of reactor machine. Proof of concept towards Design and development of articulated inspection arm for Torus Vessel was carried out & a robot having multi link joint with a camera mounted on the end point and also an arm having three degrees of freedom was attempted. The concept was materialized developing an articulated inspection robotic arm.
Multi degree of freedom mechanism for multiple applicationIRJET Journal
This document describes a new multi-degree of freedom mechanism using innovative spherical gears. It consists of a cross spherical gear (CS-gear) supported by a holder and driven by two monopole gears (MP-gears). The MP-gears each drive two degrees of freedom, allowing the mechanism to actively drive three rotational degrees of freedom without slippage. This overcomes limitations of previous designs. The mechanism provides high torque transmission, position accuracy, and a flexible configuration compared to complex existing designs like spherical motors. Key challenges include manufacturing the complex gears, designing the holder for a large range of motion, and ensuring proper gear meshing and backlash.
This document describes work done on closed-loop motor position control for the ERIS project at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). It discusses:
1. Developing direct motor control and control with a grating wheel to an accuracy of 2 arcseconds.
2. Testing open-loop and closed-loop control schemes using resolver and autocollimator feedback. Closed-loop control achieved better precision.
3. Estimating the gear ratio between the motor and grating wheel through homing procedures and revolution counting.
4. Developing position control loops in LabVIEW and PLC software to control the motor and grating wheel to sub-2 arcsecond precision over full and half paths
The document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine model. It discusses concepts from kinematics such as constant angular velocity and acceleration without a change in angular momentum. It provides details of the materials used to build the model, including a battery, copper wire, magnets, and plastic casing. Calculations are shown for variables like revolutions per minute, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and linear velocity based on experimental trials of the model. Error analysis is performed to determine the accuracy of the measurements.
OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL...ijccmsjournal
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of
manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source.
This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC)
(iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both
rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc
HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough
such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in
minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged
which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process
unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word
process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept.
Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making
Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The focus of the present paper is on development of an optimum Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model
which will predict the experimental evidences accurately and precisely. The optimisation is acknowledged
though variation of various parameters of ANN topology like training algorithm, learning algorithm, size
of hidden layer, number of hidden layers, etc while training the network and accepting the best value of
that parameter. The paper also discusses the effects and results of variation of various parameters on
prediction of network.
OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL...ijccmsjournal
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source. This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC) (iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept. Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The focus of the present paper is on development of an optimum Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which will predict the experimental evidences accurately and precisely. The optimisation is acknowledged though variation of various parameters of ANN topology like training algorithm, learning algorithm, size of hidden layer, number of hidden layers, etc while training the network and accepting the best value of that parameter. The paper also discusses the effects and results of variation of various parameters on prediction of network.
Considerable development has been done by some authors of this paper towards development of
manufacturing process units energized by Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) as an energy source.
This machine system comprises three sub systems namely (i) HPFM (ii) Torsionally Flexible Clutch (TFC)
(iii) A Process Unit. Process unit so far tried are mostly rural based such as brick making machine (both
rectangular and keyed cross sectioned), Low head water lifting, Wood turning, Wood strips cutting, etc
HPFM comprises pedalling system similar to bicycle, a speed rising gear pair and a flywheel big enough
such that a young lad of 21-25 years, 165cm height, slim structure can pump energy around 30,000 N-m in
minutes time. Once such an energy is stored peddling is stopped and a special type of TFC is engaged
which very efficiently brings about momentum and energy transfer from flywheel to a process unit. Process
unit utilization time upon clutch engagement is 5 to 15 seconds depending on the application. In other word
process units needing power of order of 3 hp to 10 hp can be powered by such a machine concept.
Experimental data base model is formulated for Human Powered Flywheel Motor Energized Brick Making
Machine (HPFMEBMM).
The document discusses an online faculty development program on model based system design for automotive engineering using MATLAB. It will cover generating and exporting sine waves, building systems with mathematical equations, and mass-spring-damper systems in the time and S-domains using Simulink. It will also discuss simulating a battery model to monitor parameters like state of charge over time and the relationship between open circuit voltage and state of charge for batteries. The program aims to analyze real-world models and showcase how Simulink can be used to simulate automotive and other engineering systems.
Robots play important roles in day to day
activities of human endeavour and can perform
complex tasks speedily and accurately. Robots are
employed to imitate human behaviours and then
apply these behaviours to the skills that lead to
achieving a certain task in solving the challenges
faced by impaired people in society. This robotic arm
was achieved using light-weight steel iron for the
frames, a moderate torque MG995 Towerpro, and
servo motor. Two Atmega328 Arduino
microcontroller was employed to control the motors
through the use of pulse width modulation
technique. Mathematical models were developed for
the mechanism to represent the kinematics involved
at each joint with mathematical variables. Then, the
stability of the system was carried out using a step
input signal being a type zero system.
Diapositivas_Construcción de Máquina de Movimiento Perpetuo_Zea PaulPaulAndresZeaLarrea
This document describes a student project to design and construct a perpetual motion machine. It provides background context on previous attempts at building perpetual motion machines. The student's objectives are to build a machine that can run continuously for at least 10 minutes. The document outlines the materials that will be used, theoretical concepts regarding energy and thermodynamics, procedures for design, assembly, calibration and error analysis, and results from testing different machine configurations. The best design was able to run for 10 minutes and 36.96 seconds.
1) The document describes the design and implementation of a pick and place robot using a PIC microcontroller, sensors, and DC motors. It includes the mechanical design of the robotic arm and gripper.
2) Simulation results show the robot arm moving in response to signals from the PIC microcontroller to the DC motors. The real-world behavior is then compared to the simulation results.
3) Different robot configurations - including Cartesian, cylindrical, parallel, and SCARA - are evaluated in terms of their advantages and disadvantages for various applications. The document concludes that the articulated robot arm performed pick and place tasks as intended.
Attitude Control of Satellite Test Setup Using Reaction WheelsA. Bilal Özcan
This document summarizes a presentation about attitude control of a satellite test setup using reaction wheels. It describes the mathematical models of DC motors, reaction wheels, and the satellite test setup. It also discusses the implementation of a PID controller to control the satellite's orientation by generating angular velocity references for the reaction wheels. Simulation results show that the settling time of the system was decreased from 21.5 seconds to 6.1 seconds by optimizing the PID gains. Future work is planned to consider effects like vibrations and actuator saturations when testing the system.
1. The document describes a device that generates electricity from gravity by using mechanical components like gears, chains and a mass to rotate a generator motor.
2. As the mass falls due to gravity, it rotates gears and a sprocket connected to the generator motor. This converts the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.
3. The device was able to generate 0.86 Watts of power and light LEDs for 68 seconds using a 3kg mass lifted to a height of 2 meters. It provides a low-cost renewable way to generate small amounts of electricity using gravity.
Similar to Presentación máquina de movimiento perpetuo (20)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Presentación máquina de movimiento perpetuo
1. ALUMNA: Tonato Avila Erica Fernanda
DOCENTE: Msc. Proaño Diego
ASIGNATURA: Física I
NRC: 6003
CARRERA: Ingeniería Petroquímica
2. OBJETIVOS
Objetivo General:
Diseñar y construir una máquina de movimiento
perpetuo.
Objetivos Específicos:
Construir una máquina de movimiento perpetuo
que dure diez minutos en movimiento.
Determinar fenómenos como velocidad,
aceleración angular, e inercia.
Relacionar la teoría de errores con los fenómenos
físicos indicados para obtener una precisión con un
error menor al 5%.
3. INTRODUCCION
El móvil perpetuo es una máquina hipotética que sería capaz de continuar
funcionando eternamente, después de un impulso inicial, sin necesidad de
energía externa adicional. Se basa en la idea de la conservación de la
energía. Su existencia violaría teóricamente la segunda ley de la
termodinámica, por lo que se considera un objeto imposible.
4. CONCEPTOS GENERALES
Un motor de movimiento perpetuo es aquel que, una vez puesto en
marcha, no se detendría nunca a menos que quisiéramos. Esto
significa que, partiendo de un impulso inicial, no precisaría de energía
adicional para seguir moviéndose, sino que su mecanismo le
permitiría hacerlo por sí mismo, en teoría, para siempre.
Un motor homopolar es un motor eléctrico de corriente continua con
dos polos magnéticos, cuyos conductores siempre cortan líneas
unidireccionales de flujo magnético al girar un conductor alrededor de
un eje fijo de modo que el conductor esté en ángulo recto con
un campo magnético estático.
16. CONCLUSIONES
• Diseñar y construir una máquina hipotética que sería capaz de
continuar funcionando eternamente, después de un impulso inicial, sin
necesidad de energía externa adicional. Se basa en la idea de
la conservación de la energía, embargo esto es imposible en las
capacidades humanas por el momento, sin embargo, esta maqueta
trata de simular el efecto de movimiento perpetuo con un impulso
inicial, basándose en los campos magnéticos y la corriente DC.
• El diseño planteado que lleva por nombre Motor Homopolar, y es capaz
de mantenerse en movimiento por un tiempo mayor a 10 minutos
cumpliendo con las expectativas planteadas.
• Con el desarrollo del laboratorio se logro determinar los valores de la
velocidad, aceleración angular, revoluciones por minuto e inercia, y
finalmente inercia progresiva con valores promedios de 0.2530m/s, 0.
0.1405, 807 rpm, 8.1 ∗ 10−6
kgm2, 1.131 ∗ 10−6
Nm respectivamente
• Al relacionar la teoría de errores con los fenómenos físicos indicados se
pudo determinar una precisión con un error menor al 5% donde
podemos destacar que los fenómenos físicos como rpm, velocidad
angular, aceleración angular, velocidad y momento de inercia cuantas
con un porcentaje de error del 0.8333% mientras que el porcentaje de
error de la inercia es del 1.46 %, cumpliendo con los estándares
establecidos.
17. RECOMENDACIONES
Diseñar y construir varios modelos de esta máquina hipotética ya que nuestra
estructura de cobre puede realizarse de diferentes formas ya sea en forma de
disco como se implementó en esta práctica o realizar espirales cilíndricas entre
otros.
Para el diseño planteado es recomendable emplear imanes de neodimio esto se
debe a su gran capacidad de generar campos magnéticos, así como para atraer
metales, por otro lado, es recomendable utilizar materiales de fácil adquisición
o reciclables, ya que es una maqueta sencilla que puede evidenciar el fenómeno
físico solicitado.
Para el desarrollo del laboratorio es necesario conocer temas fundamentales de
la dinámica como puede ser los momentos inerciales o el movimiento circular
ya que son de suma importancia para el desarrollo de nuestra practica al
momento de realizar cálculos.
Si se desea relacionar la teoría de errores con los fenómenos físicos indicados
es recomendable conocer los fundamentos teóricos de la misma ya que con
estos conceptos se puede determinar si el error de la práctica cuenta con una
precisión menor al 5%.
18. BIBLIOGRAFIA
[1] F. R. B. Abraham Tamir, «Dialnet,» 2005. [En línea]. Available: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1358239.
[2] M. L. Michelone, «UNOCERO,» 01 02 2015. [En línea]. Available: https://www.unocero.com/ciencia/maquinas-de-movimiento-perpetuo/. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[3] Brodianski, Movimiento Perpétuo Antes y Ahora, Mir. Rubiños, 1860.
[4] Hery, «Marcianosmx.com,» 07 08 2019. [En línea]. Available: https://marcianosmx.com/inventores-maquina-de-movimiento-perpetuo/. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[5] A. Liceaga, «CiendeDeBolsillo.com,» 24 09 2012. [En línea]. Available: https://cienciadebolsillo.com/fisica/maquinas-de-movimiento-perpetuo/gmx-niv31-con330.htm. [Último
acceso: 24 09 2021].
[6] Enérgya, «Imagina una sociedad con motores de movimiento perpetuo,» 5 12 2019. [En línea]. Available: https://www.energyavm.es/imagina-una-sociedad-con-motores-de-
movimiento-perpetuo/. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[7] J. Pereyra, «Ciencia de Sofá,» 22 11 2015. [En línea]. Available: https://cienciadesofa.com/2015/11/es-posible-construir-maquina-movimiento-perpetuo.html. [Último acceso: 08 09
2021].
[8] FISICALAB, «Errores de Medida,» [En línea]. Available: https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/errores-de-medida. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[9] A. Zita, «diferenciador,» 3 03 2020. [En línea]. Available: https://www.diferenciador.com/diferencia-entre-exactitud-y-precision/. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[10] Marta, «Superprofe,» [En línea]. Available: https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/escolar/matematicas/estadistica/descriptiva/media-aritmetica.html. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[11] J. Sanmartín, «Error absoluto y Relativo».
[12] Mohamad, «Centro de Ayuda,» 26 10 2016. [En línea]. Available: https://support.numxl.com/hc/es/articles/215969423-MAE-Error-medio-absoluto. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[13] I. T. d. T. Gutiérrez, «1.2 Tipos de errores: Error absoluto, error relativo, error porcentual, errores de redondeo y truncamiento.,» [En línea]. Available:
https://sites.google.com/site/metalnumericos/home/unidad-1/1-2-tipos-de-errores-error-absoluto-error-relativo-error-porcentual-errores-de-redondeo-y-truncamiento. [Último acceso: 08 09
2021].
[14] M. Movil, «Movimiento circular uniformemente variado MCUV, ejercicios resueltos,» [En línea]. Available: https://matemovil.com/movimiento-circular-uniformemente-variado-
mcuv-ejercicios-resueltos/. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[15] L. Ruiz, «mundodeportivo.com,» 16 01 2017. [En línea]. Available: https://www.mundodeportivo.com/uncomo/educacion/articulo/en-que-consiste-la-inercia-17165.html. [Último
acceso: 08 09 2021].
[16] K. Academy, «Torca,» [En línea]. Available: https://es.khanacademy.org/science/physics/torque-angular-momentum/torque-
tutorial/a/torque#:~:text=La%20torca%20es%20una%20medida,torca%20es%20una%20cantidad%20vectorial.. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[17] A. M. Muñoz, «MOTOR HOMOPOLAR,» de CIENCIA RECREATIVA, Madrid, 2007, p. 352.
[18] B. Tareas, «Motor homopolar,» 2010.
[19] Z. (. Sears, «Introducción al magnetismo,» 2009, p. 10.
[20] GreenFacts, «Campo Magnético,» [En línea]. Available: https://www.greenfacts.org/es/glosario/abc/campo-magnetico.htm. [Último acceso: 08 09 2021].
[21] F. Guevara, P. Buitrón y C. Lasso, «Física Básica,» Quito, 2009, pp. 21-31.
[22] P. Vallejo Ayala, Laboratorio de Física, Quito, 2009, pp. 4-8.