Political parties prepare for elections by monitoring opponents, publishing manifestos, conducting public surveys, identifying important issues, raising funds for campaigns, selecting candidates, and monitoring the electoral process. The factors that determine which party wins include effective media coverage, campaign advertisements, spending on campaigns, strategy implementation, using survey information, public satisfaction with the incumbent, and voter turnout. Voter turnout is impacted by perceptions of a fair and safe election, the candidates, satisfaction with the ruling party, party loyalty, age, and education level.