The second edition of AIIMS Medicine Quiz was held on 11th September, 2021. This quiz was for residents currently pursuing MD/DNB in Medicine/ Geriatric Medicine/ Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
The second edition of AIIMS Medicine Quiz was held on 11th September, 2021. This quiz was for residents currently pursuing MD/DNB in Medicine/ Geriatric Medicine/ Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
The second edition of AIIMS Medicine Quiz was held on 11th September, 2021. This quiz was for residents currently pursuing MD/DNB in Medicine/ Geriatric Medicine/ Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
The second edition of AIIMS Medicine Quiz was held on 11th September, 2021. This quiz was for residents currently pursuing MD/DNB in Medicine/ Geriatric Medicine/ Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
Café Au Lait Spot is A Marker for Pheochromocytoma in Hypertensive Crisis Wit...YasserMohammedHassan1
Café au lait Spot is a marker for pheochromocytoma in hypertensive crisis but with a wide-differential diagnosis. Labetalol may be chosen in hypertensive crisis due to pheochromocytoma.
Chapter 19 Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk PregnancyMorganLudwig40
Chapter 19: Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related Complications
Case 1
Teresa is a 36-year-old primigravida who is expecting twins. She is 26 weeks pregnant. She stays after your “What to Expect with Twins” class to talk to you. Although Teresa is a nurse, she has many questions and concerns. Her twins are a result of years of trying to get pregnant and in vitro fertilization. She is nervous about whether she will have a vaginal delivery or a cesarean section. She is worried about having the babies prematurely. She wants you to tell her everything that could go wrong so she can be prepared
1. Why is Teresa’s pregnancy considered a high-risk pregnancy
Incorrect answer.
Teresa’s pregnancy is considered high risk pregnancy because most of IVF pregnancies require induced labor or caesarean section.
Also, most babies conceived through IVF are born prematurely or with a low birth weight. Incorrect.. there is a higher incidence of preterm birth due to multiple gestation, IVF itself does not increase the risk factor
IVF increases the risk of Down syndrome as well. Incorrect as IVF allows for early genetic testing.
2. Discuss potential pregnancy-related complications for Teresa.
What else?
Some of the potential pregnancy –related complications for Teresa are late miscarriage, She is 26 weeks pregnant.. this is no longer a complication.
ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, She is 26 weeks pregnant.. this is no longer a complication.
This is for IVF not the pregnancy
high blood pressure, pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, low birth weight,
birth defects, Fetal not maternal
and stress.
3. Discuss the potential risks to the babies.
You only discuss problems of prematurity.. what else?
The babies are at a higher risk of being born with breathing problems because mostly twins who are conceived through in vitro fertilization are born prematurely and therefore it means that their respiratory system and organs like lungs are not fully developed. They are also at risk of jaundice or sepsis.
Case 2
Sarah is 19-year-old G1P0 at 36 weeks' gestation. Sarah has been followed weekly in the clinic for mild–moderate preeclampsia. At her clinic appointment today, Sarah’s blood pressure reading was 188/104. She is admitted to the antepartum unit for management of her worsening preeclampsia. You perform her admission assessment and note that her reflexes are brisk, her heart rate is 94, she complains of having an intense headache, and is seeing spots before her eyes. You perform an abdominal assessment and note that she has significant epigastric tenderness. (Learning Objective 5)
1. Develop a plan of care for the woman experiencing preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome.
this is a definition not a care plan
The best way to treat Sarah for preeclampsia is to deliver the baby because at 36 weeks’ gestation, the baby is full grown and it will be safer to deliver the baby and avoid further complications. In some cases, this c ...
This presentation discusses the various presentation of inborn error of metabolism to pediatric ICU and basic management of such cases. Also discusses the basic evaluation and iagnostic appraoch to various inborn of error of metabolism with consideration to pediatric critical care
Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition in which the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones, resulting in a range of symptoms and potential complications. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. When the thyroid gland becomes overactive, it produces too much thyroid hormone, causing hyperthyroidism.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes of hyperthyroidism include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, and excess iodine intake.
The symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary widely but typically include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heartbeat, sweating, nervousness, tremors, and difficulty sleeping. Hyperthyroidism can also cause eye problems such as bulging eyes and vision changes, especially in patients with Graves' disease.
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism typically involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates the production of thyroid hormones. In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or a radioactive iodine uptake test may be used to evaluate the thyroid gland.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Options may include medications to reduce thyroid hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy overactive thyroid cells, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Complications of hyperthyroidism can include heart problems such as rapid heartbeat, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. Hyperthyroidism can also lead to osteoporosis, a condition in which bones become weak and brittle, and thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition characterized by extremely high levels of thyroid hormones.
Management of hyperthyroidism typically involves ongoing monitoring of thyroid hormone levels and symptoms, as well as lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, stress reduction techniques, and regular exercise. With proper treatment and management, most patients with hyperthyroidism can achieve good outcomes and lead healthy, productive lives.
Chapter 19 Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk Pregnancy.docxwalterl4
Chapter 19: Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related Complications
Case 1
Teresa is a 36-year-old primigravida who is expecting twins. She is 26 weeks pregnant. She stays after your “What to Expect with Twins” class to talk to you. Although Teresa is a nurse, she has many questions and concerns. Her twins are a result of years of trying to get pregnant and in vitro fertilization. She is nervous about whether she will have a vaginal delivery or a cesarean section. She is worried about having the babies prematurely. She wants you to tell her everything that could go wrong so she can be prepared
1. Why is Teresa’s pregnancy considered a high-risk pregnancy
Incorrect answer.
Teresa’s pregnancy is considered high risk pregnancy because most of IVF pregnancies require induced labor or caesarean section.
Also, most babies conceived through IVF are born prematurely or with a low birth weight. Incorrect.. there is a higher incidence of preterm birth due to multiple gestation, IVF itself does not increase the risk factor
IVF increases the risk of Down syndrome as well. Incorrect as IVF allows for early genetic testing.
2. Discuss potential pregnancy-related complications for Teresa.
What else?
Some of the potential pregnancy –related complications for Teresa are late miscarriage, She is 26 weeks pregnant.. this is no longer a complication.
ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, She is 26 weeks pregnant.. this is no longer a complication.
This is for IVF not the pregnancy
high blood pressure, pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, low birth weight,
birth defects, Fetal not maternal
and stress.
3. Discuss the potential risks to the babies.
You only discuss problems of prematurity.. what else?
The babies are at a higher risk of being born with breathing problems because mostly twins who are conceived through in vitro fertilization are born prematurely and therefore it means that their respiratory system and organs like lungs are not fully developed. They are also at risk of jaundice or sepsis.
Case 2
Sarah is 19-year-old G1P0 at 36 weeks' gestation. Sarah has been followed weekly in the clinic for mild–moderate preeclampsia. At her clinic appointment today, Sarah’s blood pressure reading was 188/104. She is admitted to the antepartum unit for management of her worsening preeclampsia. You perform her admission assessment and note that her reflexes are brisk, her heart rate is 94, she complains of having an intense headache, and is seeing spots before her eyes. You perform an abdominal assessment and note that she has significant epigastric tenderness. (Learning Objective 5)
1. Develop a plan of care for the woman experiencing preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome.
this is a definition not a care plan
The best way to treat Sarah for preeclampsia is to deliver the baby because at 36 weeks’ gestation, the baby is full grown and it will be safer to deliver the baby and avoid further complications. In some cases, this c.
BMS 561, Hematology Fall 2016 Case studiesThe following case .docxAASTHA76
BMS 561, Hematology Fall 2016 Case studies
The following case studies are not actual patients. They combine elements from different cases to emphasize important aspects
Case 1
HISTORY: Patient Presentation
A four-year-old African American male diagnosed with sickle cell disease in the newborn period was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain. Two days prior to admission, he was seen in the emergency room for abdominal pain and sent out on pain medicine.
PHYSICAL EXAM
Height
100 cm (25th percentile on growth chart)
Weight
15 kg (25th percentile on growth chart)
Temperature:
38.9ºC
Heart Rate:
135
Respiratory Rate:
40
Blood Pressure
100/60 mmHg
Oxygen Saturation Level:
87% (normal range: 92%-98%)
HEENT:
Normocephalic, pupils reactive, tympanic membranes clear, oropharynx clear
Neck:
No adenopathy
Chest:
Mild subcostal retractions. Audible rales at lung bases.
Heart:
Tachycardic with III/VI murmur
Abdomen:
Mild distension, diffusely tender to palpation
Genitourinary:
Circumcised male, no priapism
Extremities:
Warm
Neurologic:
Crying, alert boy. Face was symmetric. Moved all extremities.
LABORATORY DATA
Patient Value
Normal Value
WBC
15,000
4,000-12,000/μL
HGB
6.3
11.5-13.5 g/dL
HCT
18
34%-40%
PLT
560,000
140,000-440,000/μL
MCV
89.0
75-87 fl
Retic %
14%
0.5%-1.5%
Rectic Absolute
0.2125
0.024-0.084 M/μL
1 What history, including symptoms, would be most helpful in evaluating this patient?
2 What does a prior history of abdominal pain reflect? What does Bone pain and swollen, painful fingers (dactylitis) reflect in this disease?
3 He had a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit yesterday.what does that indicate?
4 He has been coughing 2-3 times a day and intermittently through the night.what does that indicate??
5 Does family history indicate sickle disease?
6 What additional physical findings might occur in patients with sickle cell disease? Discuss Jaundice and Splenomagaly??
7 What other labs would you request? Compare the lab findings with normal ranges
Discuss Peripheral smear, hemoglobin electrophoresis,
Blood culture; Blood Type and screen for antibodies
LDH; Haptoglobin levels
Amylase and Lipase
8 Discuss MCV, MCH, RDW, ESR, Hematocrit and red cell morphology in this disease
9 What was your differential diagnosis when you first saw the patient? Discuss the following in diagnosing the disease
Cholecystitis; Pneumonia; Upper respiratory tract infection; Vaso-occlusive pain crisis
10 what are the differences between sickle cell disease, HbC, HbE and Thalassemia diseases?
11 Discuss Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia syndromes and sickle cell anemia
12 How would you treat this patient?
Case 2
On review of symptoms, The patient reports difficulty concentrating, fatigue, feeling faint when she stands quickly, and vague gastrointestinal discomfort with some decrease in appetite.
She denies any history of previous trauma, diplopia, dysphagia, vertigo, vision loss, loss of consciousne ...
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. RULES
• There are 6 questions in this round, one for each team.
• Pounce and Self Pounce is applicable.
• Correct answer: +15
• Incorrect answer/No answer: 0
• Correct pounce: +20
• Incorrect pounce: -10
5. Q. 1
A 1 year old male infant was suffering from bronchopneumonia, lethargy and delayed
development.
After successful treatment of bronchopnemonia, blood investigations revealed low
hemoglobin and TLC. Peripheral smear revealed Megaloblastic changes. No
hyperammonemia was noted.He did not show any improvement in response to Iron,
Folate or Vit B12 therapy.
Urine analysis showed needle shaped crystals on long standing.
After a diagnosis was made, patient was treated with the nucleoside uridine and he
made a remarkable recovery in all parameters .
• What is the likely diagnosis and causative enzyme defect?
7. • Type 2 Orotic aciduria
• Orotidylate decarboxylase
8. Q. 2
• A 33 year old fit and well woman came to the emergency complaining of
diplopia and pain behind right eye. She had no other symptoms.
• On examination, right pupil is dilated, there was mild ptosis. Testing of eye
movements revealed that the eye was turned down and out and the
pupillary reflex was not present. An internal carotid angiogram was ordered.
9. • What is the most likely cause for her symptoms?
• What are the functional components of the nerve involved?
17. • Hutchinson gilford progeria syndrome
• Defect in nuclear lamin A leads to nuclear membrane instability, leading to
abnormal nuclear shapes.
18. Q. 5
• A patient of head trauma presents to you in the emergency. On
fundoscopy, you see papilledema, confirming the presence of increased
intracranial tension. You intend to reduce his ICT by making him
hyperventilate. Explain why?
20. • Hyperventilation leads to CO2 washout and an increase in CSF pH. This
causes cerebral vasoconstriction thus decreasing intracranial tension.
21. Q.6
A) Where is the lesion present?
B) During recovery from this condition, the patient develops paradoxical
lacrimation. What is this phenomenon called and why does this occur?
23. • Right stylomastoid foramen (LMN type)
• Crocodile tears syndrome
During recovery from bell’s palsy, the regenerating salivary fibres innervate the lacrimal gland,
thus there is lacrimation every time the patient eats.
25. RULES
• There are 6 questions in this round.
• Pounce and Self Pounce is applicable.
• Correct answer: +20 (+10 for answer and +10 for explanation of all images)
• Incorrect answer/No answer: 0
• Correct pounce: +20 (BOTH answer and explanation are compulsory)
• Incorrect pounce: -10
46. RULES
• There are two questions under every system.
• Pounce and Self Pounce is applicable.
• Correct answer: +20
• Incorrect answer/No answer: 0
• Correct pounce: +30
• Incorrect pounce: -15
49. Q.1
• A 12 year old child was brought to the paediatrics OPD by her mother in the
Dominican Republic, who had been noticing an abnormal growth pattern of
her daughter. She started to develop male body contours and her clitoris
had enlarged to a size of 4 cm.
● What is the basis of these findings?
● What is the special term given to this phenomenon?
52. Q.2
• A 27-year-old woman had massive postpartum hemorrhage at her first
delivery due to atonic bleeding. She was transfused and treated with uterine
embolization, which successfully stopped the bleeding. The postpartum
period was uncomplicated through day 7 following the hemorrhage.
However, on day 8, the patient had sudden onset of seizures and
subsequently became comatose. Laboratory results revealed
hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, hypoprolactinemia, and adrenal
insufficiency.
• Q. What is the most likely cause for this?
• Q. Why was the woman more susceptible to this condition?
54. ● Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum ischemic necrosis of pituitary)
● The pituitary enlarges during pregnancy, which may compromise the
blood supply which comes through the pituitary stalk.
BACK TO MENU
56. Q.1
You are called as a consultant for a child with a very small mandible
and ears that are represented by small protuberances bilaterally. The
baby has had numerous episodes of pneumonia and is small for its
age. The mother also gives history of seizures in the baby. On a
proper check up, serum calcium level is found to be low along with
low levels of PTH. What is your diagnosis? Give its embryological
basis.
63. Q. 1
A patient comes to you with jaundice and distended
abdomen.You observe multiple bruises as well as spider
angiomas on examination. The abdomen shows shifting
dullness and fluid thrill sign, indicating ascites. You
diagnose him to be a case of Chronic liver disease.
Why would it be a bad idea to give him Acetazolamide for
the ascites?
65. Acetazolamide is a CA inhibitor, thus it causes urinary alkalosis. Since NH3
metabolism is already compromised, decreased formation and excretion oh
NH4+ in the gut can cause increased NH3 levels and precipitate hepatic
encephalopathy.
66. Q.2
The above figure is a Cystometrogram – a graph representing the relation between the
intravesical volume and pressure in the urinary bladder
1) Give reason for the flat nature of Ib.
2) Give any two other physiological phenomenon that can be explained on the same
basis.
68. 1) Law of Laplace and plasticity of smooth muscle
2) dilated heart has to do more work, thin walled capillaries are more prone
to rupture, smaller alveoli are prone to collapse
BACK TO MENU
70. Q.1
A 45 year old male presents to your office for a complaints of increased
dyspnea on exertion for the last several months. Lately he has had a great
deal of difficulty performing any activity without shortness of breath. He
denies cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, dysphagia, weight loss, night
sweats, or fevers. He states he has no significant past medical or surgical
history. He knows no family members who have died prematurely or who
have had asthma. The patient states he use to smoke a few cigarettes a
day while he was young but quit a few years ago. He does not drink
alcohol and takes no medication. On physical examination, you note mild
expiratory wheezes and clubbing but note no other abnormal findings.
Chest X-ray is significant for flattened diaphragm and large lung fields with
basal hyperlucency. Pulmonary function tests are significant for a lower
than expected FEV1/FEV ratio. All other blood work is within normal limits
except for mild to moderate elevation of liver transaminases.
1) What is the genetic basis for this condition?
2) Why is a history of smoking significant in this case?
72. 1) alpha 1 antitrypsin- normal genotype (MM)- PiM
ZZ- PiZ / PiSZ: both produce considerably lesser antiprotease
2) Smoking oxidizes the methionine of A1AT (which binds to the proteases) to
methionine sulfoxide and hence inactivates it.
73. Q. 2
A 34 year old female gave birth to her second child, a 3.1 kg baby boy., born at
term. She was not a known case of hypertension. Epigastric pain, headaches or
blurry vision were not reported during pregnancy. She had been taking Insulin
for the last 7 years. The delivery took place under all aseptic precautions by a
Caesarean section. Two injections of X were given to the mother before
delivery, the baby was born healthy without any complications.
However, in her previous pregnancy, the prophylactic measures were not
taken, and the baby was born with respiratory distress.
1) What is X?
2) Why is there an increased risk of her babies developing respiratory
distress?
75. ● X- Betamethasone/Dexamethasone (steroids)
● Maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperglycemia, hence increased
levels of insulin are produced in the fetus, which inhibits surfactant
production, hence precipitating ARDS.
BACK TO MENU
77. Q.1
A 32 year old woman presents for neurological evaluation after
experiencing a severe burn on the palm of her right hand. She had placed
her hand onto the hot surface of a smooth electric range. She did not feel
the burn when it occurred, and only when she picked her hand up did she
notice the burn. After that, it was discovered that the patient unknowingly
has bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in both hands.
However she does have touch and vibratory sense. Making of her kids of
sensation shows decreased pain sensation in the nape of her neck,
shoulders and upper arms as well in a cape like distribution. Deep tendon
reflexes are absent at the biceps and the triceps, and there is visible
wasting of the right biceps and shoulder musculature. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
80. Q.2
When a lesion damages X in the categorical hemisphere
without affecting Wernicke’s/Broca’s areas, there is no
difficulty with speech or the understanding of auditory
information, instead there is trouble understanding
written language and pictures, because visual information
is not processed and transmitted to Wernicke’s area. The
result is a condition called Y.
● What are X and Y?
84. Q. 1
Two autoimmune conditions affecting neuromuscular
transmission are Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton
syndrome.
On repetitive stimulation, muscle strength improves in
one condition while in the other, fatigue may develop
with sustained activity .
Identify both, and give reasons for the same.
86. Improves in LE because accumulation of
calcium in nerve terminal increases Ach
release. Worsens in MG because the
number of quanta released decreases with
repetitive stimuli
87. Q.2
It is relatively unusual for muscles and their tendons to rupture in the upper
limb; However, the tendon that most commonly ruptures is the tendon of X
muscle. In isolation, this has relatively little effect on the upper limb, but it
does produce a characteristic deformity- on flexing the joint,there is an
extremely prominent bulge of the muscle belly as it’s unrestrained fibres
contract, known as the Y sign.
● X and Y?
91. RULES
● There are 6 questions in this round. All the teams will attempt them
simultaneously.
● The teams can bid a maximum amount equal to their current score or
they can choose not bid as well.
● Correct answer: +2x
● Incorrect answer: -x, where X is the amount that has been bid.
● A hint will be given before each question, following which the teams have
to place their bids, after which the question will be shown.
92.
93. Q.
It is observed that osteomyelitis in children as a result
of hematogenous spread of bacteria most commonly
involves the metaphysis. What is the basis behind this?
95. ● Since epiphyseal cartilage is avascular, the metaphyseal arteries make a
hair pain loop at the end. The blood flow is sluggish in this hair pain loop,
accompanied by poor phagocytic activity, hence seeding of organisms is
easier.
96.
97. Q.
I comprehend, for without transfornation
Men become wolves on any slight occasion.
Byron:'DonJuan
The term 'werwolf' is probably derived from the Anglo-Saxon 'wer'
meaning man, and 'wolf'. In the history of alleged metamorphosis,
the trans-formation of man into wolf is the most prominent form of
the myth, though the further south one goes the more common
becomes the myth of wer-tigers, and further north wer-bears become
pre-eminent. I believe that the so-called werwolves of the past may,
atleast in the majority of instances, have been suffering from X.The
evidence for this lies in the remarkable relation between the
symptoms of this rare disease and the many accounts of werwolves
that have come down to us.
This is an excerpt from 'On X and the Etiology of Werwolves' by L Illis ,
published in January, 1964.
107. Q.4
A 10 year old male child presented to the pediatrics OPD with signs and
symptoms of fine pill-rolling type tremors, bradykinesia, mask like facies and a
short, shuffling gait.
O/E: on his chest small spider angiomas were also found and abdomen was
distended. Ophthalmological examination showed:
108. ● Where is the defect present?
● What is the characteristic finding on ophthalmological examination?
● Levels of which biochemical markers would you like to assess?
112. Q.5
A patient presents with anaemia and complains of passing reddish brown urine
in the morning after waking up. The doctor orders a X test, after which a
provisional diagnosis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria is made.
● What is X?
● Why is there such a diurnal variation for the appearance of symptoms?
114. ● Ham’s test/Acidified Serum test
● At night, the pH of of the plasma slightly drops, which increases the
susceptibility to lysis by the complement system.
115.
116. Q.6
• A truck driver presents to the OPD with difficulty walking and urinary
incontinence. On examination, his pupils were nonreactive to bright light
but constricted when focusing on a near object.
• Identify the ocular pathology.
• What is the suggested basis for it?
118. Argyll Robertson pupils (Prostitute’s Pupil)
Attributed to dorsal midbrain lesion ( pretectal nuclei) that interrupts the
pupillary light reflex pathway but spares the more ventral pupillary near - reflex
(accommodation) pathway