- The loss of the Banjar Panji-1 well in East Java, Indonesia was caused by pulling the drill string from the well while it was unstable and taking fluid losses, in contravention of good practices.
- Contributing factors included weakening formations during earlier cementing, fracturing during kick control, drilling deeper than planned without proper casing, and flaws in the drilling program regarding isolating different pressure regimes.
- The most serious errors were deemed reckless and negligent, while other issues showed lack of competence or experience or were technical errors, according to the consultant's analysis.
Causation factors for the banjar panjino 1blowout-neal adamsleaksnesia
The report analyzes the causes of the blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in East Java, Indonesia. Primary causes were numerous operational mistakes and errors by the operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Lapindo violated its own well plan by failing to install required casing strings. This would have prevented the kick and blowout. Lapindo also mishandled the kick, failing to recognize it could have been killed with continued pumping operations. The errors exhibited negligence on Lapindo's part that endangered lives and the environment. Training and operational manuals need to be improved to prevent future incidents.
This document discusses the LUSI mud volcano located in East Java, Indonesia, which began erupting in May 2006. It provides background on the location and timeline of events. The main hypotheses for its cause are drilling-related hydrofracturing or fault reactivation due to a nearby earthquake. Its ongoing eruption has flooded large areas and displaced thousands of people. Issues around professional responsibility and regulations are discussed, as well as recommendations to better understand and respond to the disaster.
Lapindo Brantas Inc. is an oil and gas exploration and production company in Indonesia that operates under a Production Sharing Contract. It has discovered potentially high reserves at fields like Wunut. However, in 2006 it is suspected of intentionally not installing casing during drilling to save costs, which led to a massive mud volcano eruption that displaced thousands. 13 employees from Lapindo and contractor companies were named as suspects. Ultimately the government and courts ruled Lapindo was responsible for compensating victims for the estimated $3.83 billion in damages caused by the mudflow.
1) The hot mud eruption in Sidoarjo, East Java was caused by PT Lapindo Brantas Inc.'s failure to properly handle well problems during oil exploration, cracking the underground formation and allowing mud to flow.
2) The eruption has destroyed over 10,000 homes and structures, displacing over 26,000 people, and caused extensive environmental and economic damage estimated at $3.46 billion.
3) Attempts to stop the flows by capping the well, relief wells, and constructing dams have failed, and the volume of hot mud continues to increase with uncertain long term impacts.
1) PT Lapindo Brantas drilled an exploration well for natural gas that breached a sedimentary rock formation, causing hot mud to gush from the well.
2) The uncontrolled mudflow buried 12 villages and displaced over 60,000 people, damaging infrastructure and the environment.
3) The disaster was declared a human rights violation as PT Lapindo Brantas failed in its responsibility to protect local communities and the environment.
The document summarizes information about the Lusi Mud Volcano disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. It describes how the mud volcano began erupting in 2006 after drilling by Lapindo Brantas ruptured a gas exploration well. Vast amounts of mud continue to flow, burying homes and farmland over 1,500 hectares. Efforts to contain the flows have failed. The disaster has destroyed infrastructure and ecosystems, displacing over 75,000 people. Legal issues remain as victims have received limited compensation despite the volcanic flows being deemed a corporate crime caused by Lapindo Brantas.
Causation factors for the banjar panjino 1blowout-neal adamsleaksnesia
The report analyzes the causes of the blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in East Java, Indonesia. Primary causes were numerous operational mistakes and errors by the operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Lapindo violated its own well plan by failing to install required casing strings. This would have prevented the kick and blowout. Lapindo also mishandled the kick, failing to recognize it could have been killed with continued pumping operations. The errors exhibited negligence on Lapindo's part that endangered lives and the environment. Training and operational manuals need to be improved to prevent future incidents.
This document discusses the LUSI mud volcano located in East Java, Indonesia, which began erupting in May 2006. It provides background on the location and timeline of events. The main hypotheses for its cause are drilling-related hydrofracturing or fault reactivation due to a nearby earthquake. Its ongoing eruption has flooded large areas and displaced thousands of people. Issues around professional responsibility and regulations are discussed, as well as recommendations to better understand and respond to the disaster.
Lapindo Brantas Inc. is an oil and gas exploration and production company in Indonesia that operates under a Production Sharing Contract. It has discovered potentially high reserves at fields like Wunut. However, in 2006 it is suspected of intentionally not installing casing during drilling to save costs, which led to a massive mud volcano eruption that displaced thousands. 13 employees from Lapindo and contractor companies were named as suspects. Ultimately the government and courts ruled Lapindo was responsible for compensating victims for the estimated $3.83 billion in damages caused by the mudflow.
1) The hot mud eruption in Sidoarjo, East Java was caused by PT Lapindo Brantas Inc.'s failure to properly handle well problems during oil exploration, cracking the underground formation and allowing mud to flow.
2) The eruption has destroyed over 10,000 homes and structures, displacing over 26,000 people, and caused extensive environmental and economic damage estimated at $3.46 billion.
3) Attempts to stop the flows by capping the well, relief wells, and constructing dams have failed, and the volume of hot mud continues to increase with uncertain long term impacts.
1) PT Lapindo Brantas drilled an exploration well for natural gas that breached a sedimentary rock formation, causing hot mud to gush from the well.
2) The uncontrolled mudflow buried 12 villages and displaced over 60,000 people, damaging infrastructure and the environment.
3) The disaster was declared a human rights violation as PT Lapindo Brantas failed in its responsibility to protect local communities and the environment.
The document summarizes information about the Lusi Mud Volcano disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. It describes how the mud volcano began erupting in 2006 after drilling by Lapindo Brantas ruptured a gas exploration well. Vast amounts of mud continue to flow, burying homes and farmland over 1,500 hectares. Efforts to contain the flows have failed. The disaster has destroyed infrastructure and ecosystems, displacing over 75,000 people. Legal issues remain as victims have received limited compensation despite the volcanic flows being deemed a corporate crime caused by Lapindo Brantas.
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams aIndoleaks
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in Indonesia. The report finds that:
1) The primary cause of the blowout was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Key issues included failing to install casing strings required by the well plan and mishandling a kick that was taken.
2) Lapindo's actions in causing the blowout can be considered negligent or grossly negligent given the endangerment of lives and the environment.
3) For the blowout to have been prevented, Lapindo needed to properly follow its own well plan by
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. The report finds that:
1) Primary causation was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. They failed to install required casing strings outlined in their own well plan.
2) Lapindo incorrectly diagnosed and handled a kick that was taken, and failed to recognize that continued pumping operations would likely kill the underground blowout that had developed.
3) Lapindo's actions can be considered negligent, grossly negligent, or criminally endangering due to the risks posed to crew and the environment. Lapindo bears
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in Indonesia. The report finds that:
1) The primary cause of the blowout was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Key issues included failing to install casing strings required by the well plan and mishandling a kick that was taken.
2) Lapindo's actions in causing the blowout can be considered negligent or grossly negligent given the endangerment of lives and the environment.
3) For the blowout to have been prevented, Lapindo needed to properly follow its own well plan by
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams bIndoleaks
The document provides an analysis of the well plan for the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the well plan contained vague terminology and lacked important supporting information. Specifically, it did not adequately address potential shallow gas hazards, lost circulation risks, or provide a complete analysis of formation pressures. The analysis also found that the operator violated critical aspects of the well plan by failing to set important casing strings at planned depths, which ultimately led to the well blowout.
The document discusses the seismic analysis and geological conditions related to the Banjar Panji well. It summarizes that MEDCO correctly interpreted seismic data collected prior to drilling, which showed pertinent faults in the area. The geology encountered while drilling differed substantially from the pre-drill plan, with volcanic sandstone found deeper than expected. Proper consideration was not given to modifying the well plan in light of the new geological information. Analyzing the well plan, it is noted that offset well data should have been included, casing setting depths lacked justification, and temperature and pressure expectations were confusingly described without supporting data. Qualified supervision would be critical given the planned depths and pressures.
The document provides an analysis of the well plan for the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the well plan contained vague terminology and lacked important supporting information. Specifically, it did not adequately address potential shallow gas hazards, lost circulation risks, or provide a complete analysis of formation pressures. The analysis also found that the operator violated critical aspects of the well plan by failing to set important casing strings at planned depths, which ultimately led to the well blowout.
Pipeline integrity assessment with LRUT methodpaulus konda
As a product of transportation facility, pipeline sould be having a good integrity. Pipeline failure means that pipeline can not operate both at some segment/section or all of pipeline segment can not deliver product/service as per their function. Or failure of pipeline also means loss of pipeline integrity for some segment pipeline section or all of segment pipeline.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant testing (PT), including its basic principles and procedures. Some key points:
- PT involves applying a penetrant containing a dye to detect surface-breaking flaws via capillary action. Excess penetrant is removed and developer applied to reveal indications.
- PT can detect discontinuities open to the surface in many materials. It is often used when other NDT methods are not suitable due to part geometry, material properties, or test environment.
- The basic PT procedure involves pre-cleaning, applying penetrant, removing excess, applying developer, and inspecting for indications. Proper technique and clean surfaces are critical for success.
This document provides guidance on safety procedures for excavation work on Ministry of Defence property. It outlines key roles and responsibilities for those involved in excavation projects, such as the head of establishment and site managers. It stresses the importance of obtaining information on underground services and hazards before beginning excavation through methods like reviewing site plans, contacting utility providers, and scanning for buried pipes and cables. A risk assessment should be conducted and a permit system used to help plan and control excavation work safely. Hand digging is recommended to confirm the locations of services. The document provides definitions and annexes with sample forms for recording known hazards and issuing excavation permits.
When scientifically planned and conducted, Burn-In and Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) provide one of the most effective methods of reliability screening at the component, sub-assembly, assembly, and system levels. Burn-in and ESS have been practiced in industry for many years, yet they are often conducted without scientific understanding, design, planning, quantification, and optimization. Based on his two co-authored books in the subject, the author of this talk presents a high-level introduction to the quantification of reliability-centered Burn-In and ESS.
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical 15-20:1 ratio. It also finds that cementing of casing strings was ineffective, contributing to the later blowout. Safety practices like job safety analyses and kick drills were noticeably absent from reports.
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams cIndoleaks
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical range of 15:1 to 20:1. Cementing of casing strings was also ineffective, undermining well control. Job safety analyses were noticeably absent from daily reports. Specific issues included improperly set casing depths, questionable leak-off test practices, and a lack of documented kick drills or slow pump rate tests.
Causation Factors for the Banjar Panjino 1blow out-neil adams c-101213033335-...leaksnesia
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical 15-20:1 ratio. It also finds that cementing of casing strings was ineffective, contributing to the later blowout. Safety practices like job safety analyses and kick drills were noticeably absent from reports.
This property inspection report summarizes the inspection of a 1950 square foot single family home built in 1994 in Mytown, GA. The inspector found that several areas of the home required periodic maintenance or had deferred maintenance issues, including the front steps, deck, siding, trim, and garage. The inspector also noted some areas that should be monitored or upgraded for safety reasons, such as the basement door to the garage and open ceiling in the garage.
JE Technical Capability in shallow water - LinkedinRex Chen
This document provides technical details on the dynamic positioning (DP) system capabilities of the Jasper Explorer drillship to operate in shallow waters down to 300 meters. It describes the DP system components, reference systems, station keeping ability in various metocean conditions, and risk mitigation measures for shallow water operations. Successful industry case studies are also presented where DP drillships have reliably operated in water depths from 923 to 2156 feet.
This document discusses two offshore oil rig accidents - the Montara incident in the Timor Sea in 2009 and the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It also outlines new regulations implemented by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement in response to these accidents. The rules aim to strengthen wellbore integrity and well control equipment requirements to decrease the likelihood of a blowout. Additionally, the document discusses implications for developing Brazil's pre-salt oil reserves, including concerns around operator competence and regulatory frameworks.
This document describes the procedure for managing non-conforming production at a manufacturing facility. It outlines a 14-step process for addressing issues where production does not meet specifications, standards, or design requirements. Key steps include isolating non-conforming production, analyzing the discrepancy, determining if the production can be used as-is or requires repair, documenting any approvals to use non-conforming production, completing necessary corrections, and testing before further manufacturing. Responsibility lies with production supervisors and managers to identify issues, make decisions on disposition, and ensure proper completion or disposition of non-conforming production.
This document provides a summary of the findings of an investigation into the loss of the Mars Polar Lander (MPL) and Deep Space 2 (DS2) missions. It notes that the projects faced tight funding, schedule pressures, and complexity which led to decisions like using off-the-shelf components and inherited designs. Some risks were addressed but others like those related to the thruster design were not fully retired through testing. The review process was found to have some unethical behavior as concerns raised were not adequately addressed and closures were approved without independent review. The conclusion is that the "Faster, Better, Cheaper" approach was improperly implemented for this mission as increased risks from insufficient funding and resources were not justified.
This document discusses the importance of performing non-destructive testing (NDT) correctly, especially magnetic particle testing and penetrant testing. The author provides examples from their experience where NDT was not done properly, including cases where cracks were missed that later led to catastrophic failures causing deaths. Ensuring technicians are properly certified, follow all procedures, understand equipment usage and basic NDT methods is critical to avoid tragic consequences from undetected defects.
Several problems led to the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion and spill:
- In the weeks before the explosion, BP got approval to use a cheaper and less safe installation method.
- On the day of the explosion, tests showed abnormal pressure in the well but it was misread as safe. Drilling mud was replaced with seawater.
- When pressure rose dangerously as gas and oil rose in the well, the blowout preventer had no power to control it.
- The disaster showed that lack of proper engineering, oversight, and risk management can have catastrophic outcomes. Top executives' lack of operational understanding increases such risks.
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams aIndoleaks
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in Indonesia. The report finds that:
1) The primary cause of the blowout was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Key issues included failing to install casing strings required by the well plan and mishandling a kick that was taken.
2) Lapindo's actions in causing the blowout can be considered negligent or grossly negligent given the endangerment of lives and the environment.
3) For the blowout to have been prevented, Lapindo needed to properly follow its own well plan by
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. The report finds that:
1) Primary causation was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. They failed to install required casing strings outlined in their own well plan.
2) Lapindo incorrectly diagnosed and handled a kick that was taken, and failed to recognize that continued pumping operations would likely kill the underground blowout that had developed.
3) Lapindo's actions can be considered negligent, grossly negligent, or criminally endangering due to the risks posed to crew and the environment. Lapindo bears
The document is a report summarizing the causation factors for a blowout that occurred at the Banjar Panji No. 1 well in Indonesia. The report finds that:
1) The primary cause of the blowout was numerous operational mistakes and errors by the well operator, Lapindo Brantas, Inc. Key issues included failing to install casing strings required by the well plan and mishandling a kick that was taken.
2) Lapindo's actions in causing the blowout can be considered negligent or grossly negligent given the endangerment of lives and the environment.
3) For the blowout to have been prevented, Lapindo needed to properly follow its own well plan by
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams bIndoleaks
The document provides an analysis of the well plan for the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the well plan contained vague terminology and lacked important supporting information. Specifically, it did not adequately address potential shallow gas hazards, lost circulation risks, or provide a complete analysis of formation pressures. The analysis also found that the operator violated critical aspects of the well plan by failing to set important casing strings at planned depths, which ultimately led to the well blowout.
The document discusses the seismic analysis and geological conditions related to the Banjar Panji well. It summarizes that MEDCO correctly interpreted seismic data collected prior to drilling, which showed pertinent faults in the area. The geology encountered while drilling differed substantially from the pre-drill plan, with volcanic sandstone found deeper than expected. Proper consideration was not given to modifying the well plan in light of the new geological information. Analyzing the well plan, it is noted that offset well data should have been included, casing setting depths lacked justification, and temperature and pressure expectations were confusingly described without supporting data. Qualified supervision would be critical given the planned depths and pressures.
The document provides an analysis of the well plan for the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the well plan contained vague terminology and lacked important supporting information. Specifically, it did not adequately address potential shallow gas hazards, lost circulation risks, or provide a complete analysis of formation pressures. The analysis also found that the operator violated critical aspects of the well plan by failing to set important casing strings at planned depths, which ultimately led to the well blowout.
Pipeline integrity assessment with LRUT methodpaulus konda
As a product of transportation facility, pipeline sould be having a good integrity. Pipeline failure means that pipeline can not operate both at some segment/section or all of pipeline segment can not deliver product/service as per their function. Or failure of pipeline also means loss of pipeline integrity for some segment pipeline section or all of segment pipeline.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant testing (PT), including its basic principles and procedures. Some key points:
- PT involves applying a penetrant containing a dye to detect surface-breaking flaws via capillary action. Excess penetrant is removed and developer applied to reveal indications.
- PT can detect discontinuities open to the surface in many materials. It is often used when other NDT methods are not suitable due to part geometry, material properties, or test environment.
- The basic PT procedure involves pre-cleaning, applying penetrant, removing excess, applying developer, and inspecting for indications. Proper technique and clean surfaces are critical for success.
This document provides guidance on safety procedures for excavation work on Ministry of Defence property. It outlines key roles and responsibilities for those involved in excavation projects, such as the head of establishment and site managers. It stresses the importance of obtaining information on underground services and hazards before beginning excavation through methods like reviewing site plans, contacting utility providers, and scanning for buried pipes and cables. A risk assessment should be conducted and a permit system used to help plan and control excavation work safely. Hand digging is recommended to confirm the locations of services. The document provides definitions and annexes with sample forms for recording known hazards and issuing excavation permits.
When scientifically planned and conducted, Burn-In and Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) provide one of the most effective methods of reliability screening at the component, sub-assembly, assembly, and system levels. Burn-in and ESS have been practiced in industry for many years, yet they are often conducted without scientific understanding, design, planning, quantification, and optimization. Based on his two co-authored books in the subject, the author of this talk presents a high-level introduction to the quantification of reliability-centered Burn-In and ESS.
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical 15-20:1 ratio. It also finds that cementing of casing strings was ineffective, contributing to the later blowout. Safety practices like job safety analyses and kick drills were noticeably absent from reports.
Causation factors for the banjar panji no. 1 blowout neil adams cIndoleaks
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical range of 15:1 to 20:1. Cementing of casing strings was also ineffective, undermining well control. Job safety analyses were noticeably absent from daily reports. Specific issues included improperly set casing depths, questionable leak-off test practices, and a lack of documented kick drills or slow pump rate tests.
Causation Factors for the Banjar Panjino 1blow out-neil adams c-101213033335-...leaksnesia
The document discusses drilling and well control operations on the Banjar Panji No. 1 well. It finds that the rig, TMMJ No. 4, had poor operating efficiency with a drilling to downtime ratio of 0.391:1, much lower than the typical 15-20:1 ratio. It also finds that cementing of casing strings was ineffective, contributing to the later blowout. Safety practices like job safety analyses and kick drills were noticeably absent from reports.
This property inspection report summarizes the inspection of a 1950 square foot single family home built in 1994 in Mytown, GA. The inspector found that several areas of the home required periodic maintenance or had deferred maintenance issues, including the front steps, deck, siding, trim, and garage. The inspector also noted some areas that should be monitored or upgraded for safety reasons, such as the basement door to the garage and open ceiling in the garage.
JE Technical Capability in shallow water - LinkedinRex Chen
This document provides technical details on the dynamic positioning (DP) system capabilities of the Jasper Explorer drillship to operate in shallow waters down to 300 meters. It describes the DP system components, reference systems, station keeping ability in various metocean conditions, and risk mitigation measures for shallow water operations. Successful industry case studies are also presented where DP drillships have reliably operated in water depths from 923 to 2156 feet.
This document discusses two offshore oil rig accidents - the Montara incident in the Timor Sea in 2009 and the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It also outlines new regulations implemented by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement in response to these accidents. The rules aim to strengthen wellbore integrity and well control equipment requirements to decrease the likelihood of a blowout. Additionally, the document discusses implications for developing Brazil's pre-salt oil reserves, including concerns around operator competence and regulatory frameworks.
This document describes the procedure for managing non-conforming production at a manufacturing facility. It outlines a 14-step process for addressing issues where production does not meet specifications, standards, or design requirements. Key steps include isolating non-conforming production, analyzing the discrepancy, determining if the production can be used as-is or requires repair, documenting any approvals to use non-conforming production, completing necessary corrections, and testing before further manufacturing. Responsibility lies with production supervisors and managers to identify issues, make decisions on disposition, and ensure proper completion or disposition of non-conforming production.
This document provides a summary of the findings of an investigation into the loss of the Mars Polar Lander (MPL) and Deep Space 2 (DS2) missions. It notes that the projects faced tight funding, schedule pressures, and complexity which led to decisions like using off-the-shelf components and inherited designs. Some risks were addressed but others like those related to the thruster design were not fully retired through testing. The review process was found to have some unethical behavior as concerns raised were not adequately addressed and closures were approved without independent review. The conclusion is that the "Faster, Better, Cheaper" approach was improperly implemented for this mission as increased risks from insufficient funding and resources were not justified.
This document discusses the importance of performing non-destructive testing (NDT) correctly, especially magnetic particle testing and penetrant testing. The author provides examples from their experience where NDT was not done properly, including cases where cracks were missed that later led to catastrophic failures causing deaths. Ensuring technicians are properly certified, follow all procedures, understand equipment usage and basic NDT methods is critical to avoid tragic consequences from undetected defects.
Several problems led to the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion and spill:
- In the weeks before the explosion, BP got approval to use a cheaper and less safe installation method.
- On the day of the explosion, tests showed abnormal pressure in the well but it was misread as safe. Drilling mud was replaced with seawater.
- When pressure rose dangerously as gas and oil rose in the well, the blowout preventer had no power to control it.
- The disaster showed that lack of proper engineering, oversight, and risk management can have catastrophic outcomes. Top executives' lack of operational understanding increases such risks.
Similar to Preliminary report on the factors and causes in the loss of well banjar panji 1 - simon wilson (20)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Pemerintah mengumumkan paket stimulus ekonomi baru untuk menyelamatkan bisnis dan pekerjaan. Stimulus ini meliputi insentif pajak, bantuan langsung untuk UMKM, serta subsidi upah bagi perusahaan yang menahan PHK. Langkah ini diharapkan dapat mendorong pertumbuhan kembali dan menekan angka pengangguran.
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Preliminary report on the factors and causes in the loss of well banjar panji 1 - simon wilson
1. TriTech Petroleum Consultants Limited
Templar House
Don Road
St. Helier Telephone: +44-(0)1534-500400
JERSEY JE4 8WH, Channel Islands Facsimile: +44-(0)1534-500450
PRIVILEGED and CONFIDENTIAL
WELL BLOW-OUT ASSESSMENT EXPERTISE
BANJAR PANJI-1 - Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
[Operator: Lapindo Brantas Inc.]
PRELIMINARY REPORT
on the
FACTORS and CAUSES
IN THE LOSS OF WELL BANJAR PANJI-1
for
The Directors of Medco Energi International
DOCUMENT 1.1
COPY Nr. 001 – Lukman Mahfoedz, MEPI CEO
14th August 2006
by
Simon Wilson
C.Eng. M.Sc. D.I.C
Petroleum Consultant
[Disclaimer : The views and opinions expressed in this report and evaluation are those of the author alone acting
in his capacity as a professional consulting engineer. They are based on documentation and data over which the
author has no control and which may be partial or incomplete. The author and TriTech Petroleum Consultants
Limited make no warranty as to the correctness of conclusions drawn and accept no liability for any decisions
that may be taken based on the evaluation and such conclusions expressed. Any decisions consequent upon the
opinions and views expressed herein are taken at the sole risk of those making such decisions.]
Registered in the States of Jersey - Registered Number 56552
Registered Office: Templar House, Don Road, St. Helier, Jersey.
2. Client: Directors of “Medco” WELL BLOW-OUT ASSESSMENT Well Banjar Panji-1 East Java
Preliminary Report
Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
1.0 CONCLUSIONS
1.1 Conclusion – Principal Cause
The loss of Well Banjar Panji-1, Brantas Block, Onshore East Java, Indonesia
on or abouts the 2nd June 2006 due to an internal blow-out incident while
under the operational management of the Block’s Operator, Lapindo Brantas
Inc. can be directly, and immediately prior to its loss, attributed to the decision
to remove the drill-string from the well bore beginning at midnight on the 28
May 2006 while the well was in an unstable condition requiring curing of lost
circulation experienced at 13.00 hrs on the 27 May 2006 while drilling 12-1/4”
hole at a depth of 9,297 ft rtkb. This action was incompetent and in
contravention of good well control practice (“good oilfield practices”).
Continuing to pull pipe from the hole even as the well was taking losses is
regarded as reckless and negligent, in my opinion.
It is my opinion that had the drill-string not been pulled out of the hole at such
a premature moment, in accordance with competent well control practice, the
security and integrity of the well would have been safe-guarded.
1.2 Conclusion – Contributing Factors
There were, during the planning, contracting, engineering, design,
programming and preparation phases for the well, and in other phases of its
execution, contributing factors which in part, or as a whole, if carried out
differently, would in all probability have avoided the catastrophe of the internal
blow-out incident occurring.
The main contributing factors were :
(i) The probable weakening or fracturing of formations on and in the
vicinity of the 17-1/2” Hole during cementing of the 13-3/8” Casing at
3,595 ft rtkb between 29 and 30 April 2006.
The lack of remedial action following losses while cementing was
neglectful and in contravention of “good oilfield practices” and
BPMigas Recommended Practice 401 a) 5.
(ii) The fracturing of formations in the vicinity of 4,241 ft rtkb during kick
control activities on 28 May 2006.
(iii) Drilling ahead past “8500 ft” in the neglect of well control constraints
and a partner’s (Medco) warnings with the 13-3/8” Casing set shallower
than programmed and no further casing having been set prior to
entering the Kujung (Reservoir Target) Formation. This action could
be regarded as reckless.
(iv) The omission of the 11-3/4” Casing Liner programmed to be set at
6,537 ft rtkb. Had this casing been set the sloughing clays below the 13-
3/8” Casing seat would all have been covered and well control
measures more easily applied.
(v) The decision, in the IDPM Drilling Program, to set 9-5/8” Casing
“inside the Kujung Carbonate”. This was a technical error due to a
lack of competence or experience with drilling Abnormally Pressured
formations where potential “pressure reversal zones” and over-
pressured transition zones should not be permitted to be in connection
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Preliminary Report
Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
with each other. The Drilling Program was thus flawed in this respect
and probably led to a mind-set that mis-construed the limitations
imposed on the well by the pressure regime to be encountered and the
consequences of failing to isolate the different regimes above and
below a major geological unconformity. There was a lack of detailed
attention paid to the analysis of pore pressures, formation strength and
temperatures over these critical horizons in preparation for the well, in
my opinion.
These factors are further described in the body of this report and provide a
basis for a learning exercise for future operations.
1.3 Hierarchy of Default
This report attempts to allocate the seriousness of errors of commission, or
omission, in a judgmental hierarchy. Where something has gone wrong and an
opinion of its seriousness can be judged the following hierarchy has been used
in descending order of seriousness (written in bold italics) :
• “reckless” “negligent” Wilful misconduct (?); negligent
• “incompetent” “neglect” Contrary to or neglectful of
recommended, good oilfield or
certified practices
• “lack of competence or experience” Limitation of knowledge in
specific area or acting in a
capacity outwith span of
competence
• “technical error” Where there may be debate but
a decision turns out to be
incorrect even ‘tho there are
contradictory current practices.
1.4 Note – Scope of Report
This (Preliminary) Report covers TPC’s Scope of Work per contract Appendix
“A” Items 1. a. , b. , and c. – “What happened and What went wrong?”. Further
content from the scope, itemised page 13 herein, will be completed at a later
date.
The Report is based on conclusions drawn from an examination of
documentary evidence combined with minor, but sufficient, analysis to rely on
the conclusions. Where additional analysis is required to justify or confirm the
conclusions this has been noted in the report. Meetings with Medco’s
Geological and Drilling Staff at their Bidakara offices also aided in the
understanding of the events that took place during the well.
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Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
2.0 WHAT HAPPENED and WHAT WENT WRONG ?
2.1 Events during the Planning and Preparation Phase
2.1.1 Pore and Formation Strength Pressure Analysis
The Drilling Program for Banjar Panji-1 was prepared as part of an Integrated
Drilling Project Management Contract Scope of Work by PT Medici Citra
Nusa, the outsourcing contractor for the Work.
Technical analysis of the offset wells, Wunut-2 (data not viewed) and Porong-
1, and especially Porong-1 which was the closest relevant well since it had
penetrated the Early Miocene Carbonate S IV Primary Objective (Kujung
Formation) of Banjar Panji-1, was not adequately carried out and used in the
well programming for Banjar Panji-1.
In Abnormal Pressured Formation Drilling, of which this well is a classic case
(similar to HTHP Wells), the analysis of both Pore Pressure and Formation
Strength Capacity is critical. Although pore pressure and formation strength
analysis is routinely carried out when planning any well additional analysis and
effort is required in Abnormally Pressured wells since there is often the
presence of formation pressures which are close to formation strength capacity
and there are present so-called (pressure) “transition zones” where “abnormal
pressures” exist above lower pressured zones once the high pressure zone has
been traversed. This gives rise to delicate and critical well control issues while
drilling and requires careful planning for choosing casing setting depths.
Porong-1 evaluated the Kujung Formation with an FMT run discovering a
formation pore pressure of 6,999 psig at 8,572 ft rtkb (8,535 ft SS) with a fluid
gradient of 0.394 psi/ft (to resolve this fluid type). Using this as a regional
pressure in the Kujung this would give a pore pressure of 6,936 psig at 8,376 ft
SS, Top Miocene Carbonate S IV in Banjar Panji-1 or 0.824psi/ft (15.85 lb/gal)
equivalent gradient.
This pore pressure is neither mentioned in Section 4.3 of the Drilling Program
nor represented on the Pore Pressure analysis chart of Section 3.5 of the
Drilling Program. Note: this pore pressure is very close to the Formation
Strength Capacity at these depths.
There was a lack of detailed technical analysis of pore pressures, formation
strength capacities and temperature, as represented in the drilling program,
appropriate in the preparation for designing and engineering an Abnormally
Pressured Well as this.
2.1.2 9-5/8” Casing Setting Depth
The decision to set the 9-5/8” Casing Shoe “inside the Kujung Carbonate” was
a technical error, in my opinion, and shows a lack of competence or
experience with Abnormally Pressured drilling practice. The Kujung
Carbonate is the (porous and permeable) reservoir target sealed by the
overlying (over-pressured) formations, in this case the Early Miocene
Unconformity. At no time should these potential reservoir pressures have
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Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
been risked to be exposed to open formations above the “transition zone”.
Furthermore, since a “pressure reversal” is to be expected within the
(porous and permeable) reservoir zone it is unsafe to enter this zone with
high density mud (used to control abnormal pressures in the transition
zone). It is imperative that the well be consolidated at this stage in order to
permit safer and more flexible drilling conditions over the reservoir
section. The appropriate casing setting depth for this hole section, prior to
entering the Primary Objective Kujung Carbonate, should have been the
transition zone prior to and as close to the Top Miocene Carbonate S IV as
possible. All efforts should have been focused on means for operationally
determining this casing setting point.
Although the Drilling Program identified the Potential Drilling Hazards and
drew significant attention to these as Critical Issues the programme was
however flawed in the conclusions drawn and decisions made on this issue.
The seeds of misconstruing the physical constraints in the well and decision-
making based on this (mis)understanding were probably sown from this stage
onwards thus influencing decision-making during the execution of the well (see
Section 2.2) and making it likely that the well would fail at some point, as early
Abnormally Pressured and HTHP wells have failed in the past with various
Operators.
2.2 Events during the Execution (Drilling) Phase
2.2.1 Casing Seat Selection and Casing Setting Depths
In general, well execution did not follow the Drilling Program as far as
implementing casing setting depths for one reason or another or, as far as can
be deduced, for no particular logical reason at all:
26” hole was drilled shallower than prognosed (to 1,195 ft rtkb versus 1,237 ft
rtkb programmed);
The Daily Drilling Report from Energy Mega Persada, tbk (“EMP”) of the 21
March 2006 stated at 20.00 hrs “Called casing point at 2304 ft instead of 3200
ft as per drilling programme.” referring to the 16” Liner and giving no reason
therefore;
Furthermore the 16” Liner then held-up at 2,184 ft rtkb and the report of 25
March stated “Decided to call casing setting point in this depth @ 2184ft,
proceed perform cement job.” The Liner was not properly cemented and had to
be squeezed;
On 29 April 2006 the Daily Drilling Report stated “POOH to run casing”,
when at a depth of 3,595 ft rtkb and referring to 13-3/8” Casing, without
providing reasons therefore. The 13-3/8” Casing was programmed to be set at
4,537 ft rtkb. This was the last casing set in the well and, albeit that the mud
density was continuously being raised to counter sloughing hole, and it is
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possible (without further analysis) to envisage that this decision did
consolidate the hole no reasoning or discussion was transmitted by report or
otherwise as to the reasons for the decision;
Elimination of the 11-3/4” Liner, prognosed to be set at 6,537 ft rtkb to cover
“Over Pore Pressure Transition”, was discussed in a Technical Meeting of 28
April 2007 (sic) and noted in a “Memorandum Summary of Meeting for Banjar
Panji” dated Jakarta, May 01, 2006. The note states:
“…. Lapindo’s team informed that the kick tolerance calculations number
allows drilling upto “8500 ft” and proposed to eliminate casing 11-3/4”.
Medco’s team agreed that proposal with reason:
• “As informed by Lapindo Brantas’s geologist, there is no weak zone or
reactively shale that creates loss circulation or caving problem in the
interval 3500’ – 8500’.
• …..
• In case encounter caving indication the drilling will be stoppedand set 11-
3/4” prior continues to drill deeper… “
However, after this date and with the setting of 13-3/8” casing shallower than
prognosed, the 11-3/4” Liner appears to have been “forgotten about” since, in
all discussion in Memos and Correspondence following this phase only the 9-
5/8” Casing is discussed and referred to! Although there may not have been
any clay sections that reacted with oil-based drilling fluids the extensive open-
hole section, and penetration of the Kujung, which could have produced brine
similar to, or the same as, that in Porong-1 could have been envisaged as a
lithological/fluids risk to the open hole section. Casing seat selection is not a
question, solely, of pressure tolerance!
Casing seat depth selection is, operationally in Exploration Wells, a critical and
sensitive decision point and usually involves robust discussion (and sometimes
argument) amongst drilling personnel, geologists and geophysicists, partners
and petroleum engineers about the merits of calling a halt, where everyone
agrees “they are” in the well and consolidating the well at a given point with
reference to the Drilling Program. This communication does not seem to have
taken place in the drilling of Banjar Panji-1 except in the latter stages of
drilling 12-1/4” hole for 9-5/8” Casing.
It is thus unclear:
Who was making casing setting depth decisions?
For What reason changes were made to the Drilling Program? and
Were these changes authorised by the Operator and, if so, by Who?
Neglecting to set the 11-3/4” Liner (or even the 9-5/8” Casing as it became
later) and leaving the hole open from the depth where 13-3/8” casing had been
set shallower than programmed to drill-on towards, and penetrate, the
abnormally pressured reservoir section (see Section 2.2.2) could be regarded
as reckless given the potential constraints for handling kicks and the sloughing
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Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
shales that this casing was intended to protect. It was later, in this hole section
at 4,241 ft rtkb, that the well kicked and the pipe stuck, packed-off by
sloughing shales, when pulling out of the hole prematurely!!
The originally intended setting of the 9-5/8” Casing post setting an 11-3/4”
Liner string became even more critical to set at a depth at or shallower than
“8500 ft” as was pointed out by Medco in a Technical Meeting on the 18 May
2006 minuted by A. Rintoko given that the 11-3/4” string had been omitted. A
note in the minutes of the meeting states: “However, Operator assures that the
hole will not cave by using OBM and they will capable (sic) to handle loss
circulation problem.” The Operator went on to refer to experience in Porong-1
where difficulties had been experienced with kicks and losses in the Kujung
even with 9-5/8” Casing set above the Early Miocene Carbonate. In this, the
Banjar Panji-1 case, the Operator was proposing to enter the same formations
with a longer open-hole section and no adequate casing protection at all!! In
this the Operator neglected the justifiable technical concerns of a venture
participant and was technically lacking competence when assuring co-
venturers that “OBM” alone would prevent the hole from caving.
2.2.2 Drilling Ahead past 8,537 ft rtkb Programmed Casing Point
The “8,500 ft” Casing Point, even ‘tho originally programmed to penetrate the
Kujung Formation originally prognosed to be at 8,413 ft rtkb, was a critical
point for well control reasons (analyse/verify kick tolerance criteria as
calculated by Medco) as well as for geological/pore pressure reasons in that
with the 11-3/4” Liner omitted and the 13-3/8” Casing set shallower than
programmed the formation strength at the 13-3/8” Casing shoe did not provide
an adequate margin of operational flexibility to combat a kick if taken deeper
than “8500 ft” (to analyse and verify; relying on Medco analysis Note).
It is not known where the decision to change the programme in this manner
originated however there is evidence that a definitive change was made since,
the EMP (Note: why were reports being compiled and transmitted by Energy
Mega Persada, Tbk when in fact they should either have originated from the
Project Manager PT Medici Citra Nusa or from the Operator Lapindo Brantas
Inc.?) Daily Drilling Report of 22 May 2006 at 02.00 hrs states “Drilling 12-
1/4” hole from 8629 ft reached 9-5/8” casing point @ 8750 ft, while increased
mw to 15.00 ppg on the last stand drilled.” At 04.00 hrs on the 22 May the
string was pulled for logging and logging (as if it were end-of-phase logging)
continued until 04.00 hrs on the 25 May when the remark “Drill ahead to desire
(sic) depth.” was noted on the Daily Drilling Report Plan for next 24 hours.
The mud weight increase “… on last stand drilled” indicates pulling out of hole
for logging and/or casing as it is a common hole-conditioning practice for these
purposes.
In my view, based on operational experience, a decision must therefore have
been made and communicated to the Lapindo (?verify IDPM contractual
requirements and fact during execution for reporting issues?) Drilling
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Supervisor on site that a change of programme had been made for, on Report
no.80 of 27 May the Plan for next 24 hours: comment was “Drilling ahead to
casing point @ 9400 ft.” Who was the originator of this decision?
It is likely, at this point in time, that Lapindo Brantas Inc., having proposed and
discussed setting the 9-5/8” in the May 18 Technical Meeting quote: “…
penetrate 10 ft into Kujung formation (+/- 8,500 ft) with max 16 ppg mud and
then set Casing 9-5/8”.” neglected Medco’s reminder and the Medici Drilling
Program which, in Section 4.4 “Potential Lost Circulation” states:
“Possible pressure reversal from 15.6 ppg to lower mud weight may occur
in Kujung formation which could casue loss of hydrostatic (head) and
induce for (sic) well kick.” and headed “blindly” towards penetrating the
Kujung no matter what the depth and consequences.
2.2.3 Pulling Drill String Out of the Hole Prematurely
On the EMP Daily Drilling Report of 28 May 2006 it was reported :
at 17.00 hrs :
“Spotted total 60 bbl LCM, Pooh 4 stands,8737 ft, monitored well through trip
tank. Well static. While mud engineer prepared to mix LTOBM, 8 ppg, on mud
plan (sic).” [Comment: Note depth at which well assumed to be “static”].
at 00.00 hrs:
“Transfer total 600 bbls, 8 ppg LTOBM to mud tank, proceed mixed and raised
mud weight to 14.7 ppg completed.” [Comment: Appears to infer that further
curing of lost circulation would take place].
at 05.00 hrs:
“Worked pipe, pooh from 8700 ft to 8100 ft without circulation ,overpulled
encountered over than 30,000 lbs. Circulated @8100 ft, 50% returned to flow
line, max pump pressure allowable at surface @300 psi. Resume pooh to 6500
ft, while filled-up hole through drill string, total volume displacement was hard
to counter. Continued pooh to 4500 ft.” [Comment: Note statement “50%
returned to flow line …. total volume displacement was hard to counter”;
presumeably this, as reported more conclusively in the MI Swaco Mud
Reports, was the well CONTINUING TO TAKE LOSSES EVEN WHILE
OPERATIONS TO REMOVE PIPE FROM THE HOLE CONTINUED].
On entering the probable top Early Miocene Carbonate (Kujung) formation
during the report day of 27 May 2006, when H 2 S was encountered at around
9230 ft., at 13.00 hrs on the 27 May it was reported: “Resume drilling from
9283 ft to 9297 ft, lost occurred (sic).” it appears that the predicted “reversal of
pressures” in the Drilling Program between the formations overlying, and
sealing, the Early Miocene Carbonate and the Kujung formation were
encountered and lost circulation resulted.
The lost circulation was initially, “apparently”, cured with the spotting of a 60
bbl LCM pill at 17.00 hrs on 27 May when it was reported, post this activity,
that the well was static. It appears that further losses were expected (and thus
curing this situation had not ceased) since a further 600 bbls of LTOBM was
prepared.
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Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
Nevertheless following this (following an order or change of orders?) the
drill string was then started to be removed from the hole (to 8100 ft) even
‘tho the well was monitored as static at 8737 ft, already some 559 ft off
bottom. Furthermore the well continued to take losses even as pipe pulling
continued. This action could be regarded as reckless and negligent.
At this point, under good well control practice, the drill-string should have
been run back into the hole to total open-hole depth to verify that the well was
static, cure continued occurence of losses, circulate to consistent mud
conditions (and verify no influx fluid contamination in the annulus during the
lost circulation curing action had occurred) and check the well’s static
condition again, prior to any consideration of pulling out of the hole.
Furthermore, the IDPM Drilling Program drew particular attention to the
Anticipated Problems and their associated “Alternatives and Mitigation Plan”.
Over the 12-1/4” Hole Phase the Drilling Program states mitigation criteria as:
“
3. Avoid swab/surge pressure.
4. Vital to maintain hole full at all times.
”
These prescriptions were neglected during execution.
[Note that the MI Swaco Mud Report, number 83, of the 28 May is more
conclusive, if correct, of neglect while pulling out of the hole. It states under
“Operations Remarks”:
“POOH f/9297 to 4838 ft while pump out. (whereas the Daily Drilling Report
says “without circulation”) No return, continued POOH to 4246’, well
flowing, circulation GPM in/out = 164/600, recovered 389 bbls, stop pumping,
well kick w/gas 700 unit H2S. Kill H2S and flare, kill well w/ 15.5 ppg 40
bbls, open BOP and monitor well, circulation w/trip tank. POOH 1 stand, got
stuck on pipe @ 4240 ft. Try reciprocate w/circulation SPM=46. no result, stop
reciprocate, spot 40 bbls hivis.”
Under “Mud Remarks and Treatment” the same report notes:
“* Recovered 389 bbls mud when well flowing. * Total mud loss to formation
last 24 hrs = 602 bbl.”
It can be inferred from this report that the well was losing mud, as there were
no returns while pumping out, and yet PIPE PULLING OPERATIONS
CONTINUED.]
Removing drill-pipe, the conduit for ensuring the placement of the primary
well control barrier, the drilling mud, in the drilling of oil and gas wells while a
well is in an unstable well control situation (losing mud, the primary barrier,
from the wellbore or taking fluids, “kicks”, into the wellbore) or when the
condition of the primary barrier throughout the well system is unknown is a
fundamental technical error in competent well control practice
(incompetent). Ignoring the fact that lost circulation continued to occur but
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without taking measures to cure these and stabilise the well before pulling out
of the hole is regarded as reckless and negligent, in my opinion.
It is concluded that this is the principal cause of the loss of the well which
later occurred during attempted well killing operations at a depth of 4241
ft rtkb on 28 May 2006 for, if pipe had not been removed from the hole to
a shallower depth the well would more easily have been controlled and the
opportunity for further remedial operations would have continued to be in
place such as curing lost circulation zones, squeeze cementing lost
circulation zones, circulating heavier mud, placing cement plugs over the
transition zone, plugging the well at depth etc.
Continuing to pull the string from the hole it was noted on the EMP Daily
Drilling Report of 29 May 2006 (cf. contrast this wording with MI Swaco Mud
Report No 83 quoted above):
at 08.00 hrs:
“Continued POOH to 4241 ft, circulated, indication of well kick, well kick,
shut in well,..”
between 08.00 and 12.00 hrs:
“Pre-recorded data, SIDP=350 psi, SICP=450 psi. Preparation to kill well by
utilized volumetric method, bled 19 bbls, pressure up CP to 450 psi, MW 14.7
ppg ,burned gas out through gas flare, applied method twice, well died.
Contaminated fuid (sic) and mud mixed with trace water caused mud weight
reduced to 8.9 ppg. Observed well through trip tank, total lost since 05.00 hrs
around 300 bbls.” [Comment: Note Drill Pipe and Annulus pressures exceed
the previously reported maximum allowable at surface of 300 psi.]
During working stuck-pipe, shortly thereafter at 04.30 hrs on the 29 May, “a
3.5 ppm H2S concentrated arose at surface”, presumably the later reported
surface break-out of fluids away from the well.
The well kicked either because contaminated fluid in the bottom of the hole
section of the 559 ft left open when 4 stands of pipe were pulled during
activities to cure losses lightened the mud column enough and there was
consequently gasified fluid percolating up the well and/or, in pulling pipe with
the well unstable in the condition at which a decision was made to remove pipe
at 8700 ft rtkb, the act of pulling pipe, or the speed at which it was pulled,
caused a pressure drop to swab the well in during these operations upto a depth
of 4241 ft rtkb and further formation fluids to be entrained into the well bore
below the bit while, if the MI Swaco report is correct, the well was still losing
mud to the formation (i.e. there was flow from open formations into the well
bore and losses or the well bore continued to lose mud alone). (further analysis
required to check; data to be requested:- Geolograph readings, pipe pulling
speed, swab pressures etc.) but reports are sufficient evidence since a kick did
take place).
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Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
One might justifiably question why, during pulling pipe, the trip tank
procedures normally followed in good well control practice did not
indicate that the well was taking fluid?
Were the correct procedures being followed or was there neglect in
using this practice?
Were the possum belly tank and pump system in working order?
Were there errors in the use, measurement, control and recording
of the trip tank during pipe pulling operations?
(to verify IADC Reports; request additional data/documentation etc.)
2.2.4 Well Kicking and the Compromise of Wellbore Integrity
(Compromised during Well Kick at 4241 ft and/or during running and
cementing of 13-3/8” Casing)
On the Daily Drilling Report of 28 May 2006 it was noted that the maximum
allowable pump pressure (or maximum allowable annulus surface pressure)
was 300 psi. The mud weight in use at that time was 14.7 ppg according to the
MI Swaco Mud Report. During the well kick encountered on 28 May with a
shut-in drill-pipe pressure recorded of 350 psi at 4241 ft this is an additional
0.0825 psi/ft (or 1.59 ppg) making a total equivalent pressure on the well-bore
of 16.3 ppg. The casing annulus pressure was recorded as 450 psi making an
additional 0.106 psi/ft (or 2 ppg) but we cannot deduce the pressure at bottom
hole from this reading since the fluids content in the annulus are unknown. The
leak-off-test at commencement of drilling 12-1/4” hole below the 13-3/8”
casing was measured as 16.4 ppg. The pressures exerted on the wellbore at
this depth, when taking account of dynamic pressure losses while
circulating, were thus probably sufficient to fracture the formation.
(further data – pump pressure charts, mud records etc. - and analysis required
to confirm with certainty).
The evidence suggests, since the MI Swaco mud report notes continuing losses,
that the wellbore integrity was definitely lost at this stage (with 14.7 ppg mud
in the hole) and may well have been compromised at an earlier phase in the
well.
The wellbore integrity may (subject to further data – cement report, pumping
records, pressure charts, mud inventory, etc. - and analysis) have been
compromised during 13-3/8” Casing Setting and Cementing operations
between 29 April 2006 and 30 April 2006 when the 13-3/8” casing string was
“circulated and reciprocated” (EMP Daily Drilling Report of 30 May 2006)
thus causing surge pressures which could have been sufficient to fracture the
formations down to the 17-1/2” hole depth of 3,595 ft rtkb.
The casing was reportedly cemented with a mix of cement slurry weights
between 14.2 ppg and 15.8 ppg. Together with pumping pressures and pressure
losses there was sufficient pressure exerted on the well bore during circulation
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and placement of cement to cause losses. Certainly, injectivity into formations
was achieved since, during cementing operations “no returns” were observed at
surface and a total of 756 barrels of mud was lost downhole. [The MI Swaco
Mud Report No. 55 of 30 April 2006 reported total losses of 795 bbls during
these casing and cementing operations.]
With such heavy losses the Operator made no investigation whatsoever to
ascertain the cause of the losses or whether the 13-3/8” cementing had been
successful. This was in contravention of good oilfield practice and BPMigas
Recommended Practice for Safe Conduct of Onshore and Offshore Drilling
Operations Article 401 Clause a) 5.
The 13-3/8” Cementation should have been subject to further testing and/or
evaluation to ascertain whether there was acceptable cement placement and
isolation behind casing and, if not, squeezed to ensure this conformity and
isolation.
When the well later “kicked” on the 28 May fractured, or weakened,
formations, in such a scenario, in the vicinity would have provided the path for
the escape of higher pressured fluids arriving at these depths as a result of
percolation or entrainment from swabbing up the wellbore from the Early
Miocene Carbonate to the same formations at this depth or other faults or
formations deeper in the well and thence the flows observed to surface.
Not recognising the implications of the 13-3/8” casing operation fluid losses to
the formation was a technical error and a lack of competence. It was certainly
a lack of good judgment for, if it had been recognised that formation strength
had been compromised to less than 16.4 ppg from these depths or deeper then
decisions to continue drilling deeper than “8500 ft”, missing out the 11-3/4”
Casing or when considering the setting depth of the 9-5/8” Casing would
possibly have been made in a different light.
Furthermore, the indication of such significant losses during cementing should
have, under good operating practice, instigated an investigation, by analysis
or cement bond log, into the reasons for the losses and the initiation of
remedial cement, or casing/liner/scab-liner procedures to consolidate the well
at this juncture. No discussion of this event and its potential consequences took
place and no remedial action was initiated in the well to rectify what evidence
showed clearly were serious problems in cementing the 13-3/8” Casing. All
the more so in that this became the last casing before entering the target
Kujung reservoir horizon. The Operator, forgetting, or ignoring, the condition
of the 13-3/8” Casing Cementation was negligent and reckless, in my opinion,
to then proceed with the well, omit the 11-3/4” Liner and, at the same time,
proceed to drill below the “8500 ft” depth at which Medco warned it would
pose well control management problems and risks.
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13. Client: Directors of “Medco” WELL BLOW-OUT ASSESSMENT Well Banjar Panji-1 East Java
Preliminary Report
Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
3.0 HOW DID IT GO WRONG and WHY ?
4.0 NON-TECHNICAL ANCILLARY ISSUES
4.1 Sub-Surface Contracting (Structure and Form) – Outsourcing
4.2 Management of Non-Operated Joint Ventures
5.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES (“Do’s and Don’t’s”) RELATED TO THIS
INCIDENT
6.0 MEANS and RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AVOIDING RECURRENCE
Appendix “A” – List of Documents Consulted
Appendix “B” – Author’s Contractual Scope of Work
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14. Client: Directors of “Medco” WELL BLOW-OUT ASSESSMENT Well Banjar Panji-1 East Java
Preliminary Report
Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
APPENDIX “A”
DOCUMENTATION CONSULTED
Date Document
07-08-2006 (i) Huffco Brantas PSC dated 23-April-1990
(ii) Joint Operating Agreement dated 01-May-1992
08-08-2006 (i) Onshore Integrated Drilling Project Management Contract
Contract no. CON-0144/DRLG/2005 dated 23-December-2005
(ii) Drilling Program Banjar Panji-1 dated 25-January-2006
(iii) Porong-1 Composite Log (03-Aug-1993 to 02-Nov-1993)
(iv) Geological, Geophysical and Correlated Well
Lithostratigraphies Porong-1, Banjar Panji-1 Data and Diagrams
09-08-2006 (i) Energy Mega Persada, Tbk Daily Drilling Reports – Banjar
Panji-1 – 09/03/06 to 31/06/06
(ii) IADC Drilling Reports – Rig TMMJ N110 No. 01 – Not
conforming to proper IADC numbering; manually numbered 01
to 86 – 09/03/06 to 03/06/06
(iii) ModuSpec Report of Survey Land Rig TMMJ No. 1 for
Inspection dates 29/09/05 to 05/10/05 – Pages 1-13 (Executive
Summary & Conclusion)
(iv) MI Swaco Mud Reports (Selected) no.’s 1-88 07/03/06 to
02/06/06
(v) PT Medici Citra Nusa Experiences Letter (PT MCN Letterhead)
– Undated
(vi) Initial Exposure Advice Letter from STEEGE, Kingston to
Lapindo Brantas Inc. re Well Control Incident dated 07/06/06
(vii) Banjar Panji-1 Mud Log (ELNUSA Masterlog) ex Suherman
(viii) Banjar Panji-1 Interpreted Electrical Logs 3500 ft rtkb to 8725 ft
rtkb. ex Suherman
10-08-2006 (i) Banjir (sic) Panji Intervention Plan Rev 1. 20/06/06 Executive
Summary
(ii) Medici Personnel – Bid Documents
(iii) Technical Correspondence and Notes to File (Medco)
12-08-2006 (i) BPMigas “Recommended Practice for Safe Conduct of Onshore
and Offshore Drilling Operations in Indonesia (Rev. February
1994 RP. 6.2.1 93/R)
(ii) Technical Correspondence and Notes to File (Medco)
13-08-2006 (i) Technical Correspondence and Notes to File (Medco)
(ii) Geological and Geophysical Files (Diagrams, Prospects,
Overviews etc.).
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15. Client: Directors of “Medco” WELL BLOW-OUT ASSESSMENT Well Banjar Panji-1 East Java
Preliminary Report
Technical Factors and Causes in the Loss of Well Banjar Panji-1
APPENDIX “B”
CONTRACTUAL SCOPE OF WORK
[Appendix “A” TPC/Medco Scope of Work]
1. TPC shall provide a professional research service program to generally investigate the problems
that occurred during the drilling operations at Banjar Panji #1 exploratory well, located onshore in
East Java, Indonesia and to specifically:
a. perform a general review of the wellbore diagram, highlights, and chronology already
provided and any additional records provided during the defined work period;
b. identify possible factors contributing to the loss of control of the well;
c. perform a preliminary analysis to determine one or more likely sequences of causal factors
leading to current well conditions;
d. identify possible means for avoiding recurrence of these causes and results in future
operations, and comment on whether these means are generally considered routine industry
practice; and
e. identify methods and data needed to perform a more complete analysis and confirmation of
what happened and why.
and thereafter to address each of the following questions:
(i) what has exactly happened and how did it happen;
(ii) whether it was customary in the oil industry practice or very unusual; and.
(iii) if this was so unusual, how far was it departing from the conventional and established oil
practice and how do you quantify/qualify/charaterize the deviation therefrom (i.e. major
vs minor or gross vs mere negligence);
(iv) what exactly that should have been done to avoid this incident in the first place;
(v) the scope and analysis from the drilling practice that covers “do” and “don’t” in this
specific incident; and
(vi) further what can you suggest so that next time we will not repeat the same problem again.
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