Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
Revitalizing PHC: PHCUOR As a Policy in Financing Towards UHCHFG Project
Presented during Day Four of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Mr. Charles Ijeomah. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
Presented at “Financial Protection and Improved Access to Health Care: Peer-to-Peer Learning Workshop Finding Solutions to Common Challenges” in Accra, Ghana, February 2016. To learn more, visit: https://www.hfgproject.org/ghana-uhc-workshop
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
Revitalizing PHC: PHCUOR As a Policy in Financing Towards UHCHFG Project
Presented during Day Four of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Mr. Charles Ijeomah. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
HSFR/HFG Project Activities and Results Summary: August 2013 through December...HFG Project
The USAID-funded Health Sector Financing Reform/Health Finance and Governance project (HSFR/HFG) has been the lead partner supporting the Government of Ethiopia to roll out and implement its wide range of health care financing (HCF) reforms at the national, regional, woreda (district), and health facility levels.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
2. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
BASIC CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES OF PERFORMANCE
REVIEW & CLINICAL MENTORING MEETING
Major issues related with PRCMM in this session:
Introduction
Describe what is meant by RCMM
Objective & Expected outcome of PRCMM
Explain the process or steps of organizing performance PRCMM
Understand the guide line for effective performance review meeting
3. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Introduction
Training is only an entry point to the implementation of a program
For any program to be successful, giving quality training alone will not be
enough; conducting follow up and supportive supervision will be of
critical importance
CBNC/ICCM Start-up follow up for trained HEW is needed 4-6weeks
after training followed by regular supportive supervision
In addition regular performance review meeting with mentoring for a
group of HEW will be needed
It can be easily integrated into the existing health system at PHCU
monthly meeting
Ensures ownership and sustainability
4. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Brain storm participants
What is performance review?
What are the performance review meeting practices in
your area (when, who are attending it, how it is
organized and processed and concluded?
How does the HC work with the Health post to
improve the performances?
What supports do HC team provided to each Health
Post?
5. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Definition of PRCMM
Performance review and clinical mentoring Meeting is a
periodic participatory assessment of the performances
of the PHCU specifically on ICMNCI program
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Objectives
Reinforce integrated case management skills and assist HEWs to
transfer these skills to actual practice;
Identify problems faced by HEWs in managing sick young
infant and sick children and help solve these problems;
Gather information on the performance of HEWs, and explore
conditions that influence performance in order to improve the
implementation of CBNC/iCCM of sick young and children
under five in the future.
Distribute supplies when needed
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Expected outcomes
At the end of this meeting:
HEW’s case management skills will be reinforced
HEWs will be able to fill CBNC/iCCM registers more correctly
CBNC/iCCM information collected from registers and other
sources
Identified pregnant women and visited newborns will be
abstracted from the registers
Strengths and weaknesses in CBNC/iCCM implementation
identified
Solutions to weaknesses identified and agreed
8. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Pre- Preparation
Invitation
Check with the relevant people that there are no other competing tasks on the
same date and identify a date that works, this day should preferable be a
working day with less case load in the facility so that people will have time and
there will be opportunities for case observation in the facility
Using invitation letter or equivalent means of communication from the PHCU
invite participants well ahead of time.
Ensure that HEWs from selected HPs should come with both iCCM and CBNC
registers, integrated pregnancy identification ANC, delivery and PNC registers,
chart booklets, iCCM/CBNC service delivery and demand creation report
Venue
A large room with chairs and tables is required in which all participants can sit
comfortably
Logistics needed for the CBNC/ iCCM PRCMM
9. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
General direction
A productive and effective PRCMM needs good planning
and preparation ahead of time
PRCMM will take place monthly ‘if possible’ .
conducted on a different day from the monthly
performance review of the PHCU to give ample time
To facilitate the clinical attachment in a cost efficient
manner, the meeting should be conducted in the health
center.
Duration of the meeting is 1 day
10. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Participants of PRCMM
Primary Health Care Unit (PHCU) director
PHCU Health Extension Program (HEP) coordinator,
IMNCI trained under 5 OPD service providers
Midwives
Health extension workers (HEW) from catchment HP who received CBNC &
iCCM training and providing the service at health post are eligible..
HC staffs who are assigned to supervise HP/HEWs
Pharmacy technician
Other PHCU staff (optional)
Woreda Health office MCH head and/or ICMNCI/IMNCI focal person(optional),
If there is a ICCM/CBNC implementing partner, its project officers could support
technically
11. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Who is responsible what ?
The PHCU director oversees the whole process
The IMNCI focal person in the facility serves as the
organizer of the meeting coordinating the activities
Other IMNCI trained health workers would supervise skill
practice and review of the registers serving as facilitators.
HEWs bring their respective iCCM/CBNC register, service
delivery and demand creation performance report for
review during the meeting
The 7day course of IMNCI that includes the supervisory
skill
12. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
PRCMM agenda
Registration,
introduction,
objectives presentation,
Review IMNCI/ICCM register for completeness, consistency of care and
utilization assessment, pregnancy registration, PNC, demand creation,
community engagement, service linkage , group already formed (HC+ satellite
HP)
IMNCI/ICCM/CBNC successes and challenges- Summary sheet by cluster
(HC+HP) includes activity presentation of expected and seen
IMNCI clinic visit- Direct case observation in under five clinic
Drugs and supplies/shortages
Bottlenecks and proposed solutions
13. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Activities carried out during PRCMM
Introduce CBNC/iCCM /IMNCI case management
performance (quality of care) assessment of selected
cases.
– Present summary of supervisory skill note
Introduction of Woreda and PHCU-MNCH (iCCM/CBNC/IMNCI and
maternal) service utilization tracking templates and group work by
HP (Annex A, B & C)
– Conversion factors and on how to calculate coverage/utilization
rate
Review of CBNC/iCCM/ registration, Pregnancy and new born
register, delivery,PNC demand creation and community
engagement (community client/case identification & service
linkage by WDAs….) performances
14. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Activities carried out during PRCMM
Step 1: Brain Storming:
– How does HC work with the HP to improve performance?
– What support do PHCU staffs provide to each Health Post?
– How do the HC staffs review performance of the HP?
Step 2:-
– Form groups by their service catchment and HEWs with their registers
and demand creation reports.
– Assign one experienced facilitator who will guide how to review
CBNC/iCCM registers.
Exercise 1: review the SC and SYI registers for completeness and
consistency
Exercise 2: Review demand creation and program implementation
Exercise 3: Review CBNC/iCCM program implementation successes and
challenges
15. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Activities carried out during PRCMM
Visit the facilities IMNCI clinic and delivery room to observe cases and
review of selected HC delivery registration book to see the linkage
between HC & HPs whether it matches with birth notification of HC to
HPs
Review PHCU MNCH activity plan to ensure the inclusion of proper
indicators
Review PHCU MNCH activity plan to ensure the inclusion of proper
indicators
Discussion on the presentation of CBNC / ICCM and others service
related issues and direction.
The way forward and closing
16. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Quality of IMNCI/ICCM /CBNC service, summary by cluster
HC/HP
Diseases
# of
classifications
Assess & Classify Classify & Treat
Classify & Follow
up
# Agree # Agree # Agree
1.Pneumonia
2.Malaria
3.Diarrhea
/Dehydration
4. SAM
Total classifications
1.VSD
2.Preterm or low
birth weight
3.Feeding problem
or underweight
Total
17. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
Case load (IMNCI/ICCM /CBNC service utilization) by cluster
Diseases # of cases expected Performed %
1.Pneumonia
2.Malaria
3.Diarrhea
/Dehydration
4. SAM
5.VSD
6.Preterm or low
birth weight
7.Feeding problem
or underweight
18. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
ANC/Delivery/ PNC
# mothers who have their 4th ANC at HP
# of delivery at home by TBA or relatives
# of delivery attended by HEWs
# of delivery attended by HWs (HC/HOSP)
# of PNC visits within 48 hours of delivery by HEWs
# of PNC visits on third day of delivery by HEWs
# of PNC visits on seventh day of delivery by HEWs
