Practical Research 2 LECTURE - WEEK 1 lesson 1

APT-PR2-I-12
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
KRISTINE T. GONZALES, LPT
Subject Teacher

Quantitative Research;
Its characteristics,
importance, and kinds
WEEK 1
Reproduction and distribution without written notice is prohibited.
©West Philippines Institute 2021

At the end of the discussion, students should
be able to discuss the basics of quantitative
research
LEARNING TARGET:

LESSON 1 :
Research
and
Quantitative Research

Research
The word “RESEARCH” was coined from the
French word “CERHIER” which means seek. The
prefix “re” means to repeat. Literally, research is to
repeat looking for something. Research signifies
finding the truth again about ideas and problems
which were in existence before in different
perspectives.

There is one form of research, however, which is more disciplined in its
methodology and more scientific in its procedure. It is called
academic research. An academic research can be qualitative or
quantitative in its approach. And the informations of the latter are
obtained and presented in numerical form and analyzed through
the use of statistics.
By definition, QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is an objective,
systematical, empirical investigation of observable phenomena
through the use of computational techniques. It highlights
numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers yield unbiased
results that can be generalized to some larger population and
explain a particular observation. Simply, quantitative research is
concerned with numbers and its relationship with events.

LESSON 2 :
Characteristics of

WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. RELIABLE AND OBJECTIVE – it seeks accurate measurement
and analysis of target concepts. It is not based on mere intuitions
and guesses. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or
solution to a problem.
2. CLEARLY DEFINED RESEARCH QUESTIONS – in this research,
the researchers know in advance what they are looking for. The
research questions are well-defined for which objective answers
are sought. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before
data are gathered.

3. STRUCTURED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS – data are normally
gathered using structured research tools such as questionnaires to
collect measurable characteristics of the population like age, socio-
economic status, number of children, among others.
4. NUMERICAL DATA – data are in the form of numbers and statistics,
often organized and presented using tables, charts, graphs and
figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show trends,
relationships, or differences among variables.
CHARACTERISTICS OF

5. LARGE SAMPLE SIZES – to arrive at a more reliable
data analysis, a normal population distribution curve is
preferred. This requires a large sample size depending
on how the characteristics of the population vary.
Random sampling is recommended in determining the
sample size to avoid researcher’s bias in interpreting
the results.
CHARACTERISTICS OF

6. REPLICATION – reliable quantitative studies can be repeated to
verify or confirm the correctness of the results in another setting.
This strengthens the validity of the findings thus eliminating the
possibility of spurious conclusions.
7. FUTURE OUTCOMES – by using complex mathematical calculations
and with the aid of computers, if-then, scenarios may be formulated
thus predicting future results.
CHARACTERISTICS OF

LESSON 3 :
Importance of

In the field of ACCOUNTING, BUSINESS, AND MANAGEMENT
(ABM), researches can help design a new product of service,
figuring out what is needed and ensure that the development of
a product is highly targeted towards demand. The primary
function of research in ABM is to correctly determine its
customers and their preferences, establish the enterprise in the
most feasible location, deliver quality goods and services,
analyze what the competitors are doing and find ways on how to
continuously satisfy the growing and varied needs of the clients.
IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

In the field of SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND
MATHEMATICS (STEM), like medical practitioners, for example,
conduct researches to obtain significant information about disease
trends and risk factors, results of various health interventions,
patterns of care, and health care costs and use. As for the engineers,
architects, and other builders, research helps in providing designs
which are creatively beautiful and at the same time give more
convenience and efficiency as they utilize modern technology to
adapt to the ever-changing society. New materials and procedures
may be developed so as to further strengthen the structural materials
that can withstand various calamities and disasters.
RESEARCH

In the discipline of HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL
SCIENCES (HUMSS), research aims to provide
solutions to the social problems directly felt by
people. Researches in this field deal more on
societal behaviors and social issues such as stress,
worker ethics, organizational commitment,
leadership style, child labor, teenage pregnancy,
human trafficking, to drug addiction, and other
forms of criminality.
RESEARCH

In the discipline of INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT), it
incorporates electronic technologies and techniques
used to manage information and knowledge,
including information-handling tools used to
produce, store, process, distribute and exchange
information.
RESEARCH

In the discipline of HOME ECONOMICS (HE),
research aims to be concerned with family welfare
and home economics researchers have drawn upon
their own particular competencies as well as those
of many people in allied fields. Our efforts are
frequently directed at facets of larger research
problems requiring a multi-disciplinary approach.
RESEARCH

As a whole research can help us understand
and assess the things and occurrences around us. It
provides us with rationale and justifications for our
decisions and actions. It gives us the opportunity to
discover various means of identifying problems, to
find new ways of dealing with life’s challenges, and
to come up with innovative materials and
mechanisms that can improve the quality of our
lives.
RESEARCH

LESSON 4 :
Kinds of Quantitative
Research

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH – it is concerned with describing
the nature, characteristics and components of the population
or a phenomenon. There is no manipulation of variables or
search for cause and effect related to the phenomenon. This
design attempts to find general attributes of the presently
existing situation and determine the frequency with which it
occurs. FOR EXAMPLE, you want to know how many hours
senior high school students spend in social media, the number
of malnourished students who failed in the achievement test,
and how healthy is the food served during recess in the public
schools.

RESEARCH
2. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH – it is the systematic
investigation of the nature of relationships, or associations
between and among variables without necessarily investigating
into causal reasons underlying them. It is also concerned with
the extent relationships that exists between or among the
variables. FOR EXAMPLE, if pre-board examination results can be
used to predict performance in the Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET), then the higher the pre-board grade, the higher
most likely be the score in the LET. Correlational research is
employed if you like to know, for example, if the following factors
are related to each other: sex and mathematical ability, marriage
and cancer recovery, occupation and life span.

RESEARCH
3. EVALUATION RESEARCH – it aims to assess the
effects, impacts, or outcomes of practices, policies,
or programs. FOR EXAMPLE, assessing the
implementation of nursing care in a hospital and
determining the impact of a new treatment
procedures for patients.

RESEARCH
4. SURVEY RESEARCH – is used to gather information from groups of people
be selecting and studying samples chosen from a population. It may be done
in various ways like face-to-face, phone, mail, and online. A survey research
may be cross-sectional if the information is collected from a sample in just
single point in time just like the child-bearing practices of single parents, and
population control practices of unmarried couples.
A survey research is considered longitudinal if the researcher collects
information on the same subjects over a period of time, sometimes lasting
many years in order to study the changes through the years. Longitudinal
survey is utilized, FOR EXAMPLE, to determine the growth of rice yield in the
country and the rate of promotion of doctorate degree holders five years after
earning the degree.

RESEARCH
5. CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH – it is also known as ex
post facto (after the fact) research. This kind of research
derives conclusion from observations and manifestations that
already occurred in the past and now compared to some
dependent variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon
occurs.
FOR EXAMPLE, a researcher is interested in how weight
influences stress-coping level of adults. Here, the subjects
would be separated into different groups (underweight,
normal weight, overweight) and their stress-coping levels
measured. This is an ex post facto design because a pre-
existing characteristic (weight) was used to form the groups.

RESEARCH
6. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH – it utilizes scientific method to test
cause-and-effect relationships under conditions controlled by the
researcher. In this case, an effort is made to determine and impose
control over all other variables except one. An independent variable is
manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables. FOR
EXAMPLE, a teacher would like to know if a new teaching strategy is
effective or not so he/she teaches one section using the new strategy
and teaches another comparable section without the new strategy, then
an achievement test was given to the two sections. The manipulated
independent variable is the new teaching strategy which is being tested
if it has an effect on the dependent variable which is the achievement of
the students. Notice that the sections are comparable with one another
meaning all other variables are controlled by the teacher.

THANK
YOU!
Email: kristine@westphilippinesinstitute.net
Facebook: gonzaleskristine45@yahoo.com
*Please be reminded that the queries will be
entertained from 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM ONLY.
If you have any question send me an email at:

Practical Research 2 LECTURE - WEEK 1 lesson 1

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