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1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Practical Research 1

2. What is Research?
Research is the systematic investigation and study of
materials and sources to establish facts and reach new
conclusions. Research is a process of executing various
mental acts for discovering and examining facts and
information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your
claim or conclusions about the topic of your research.
Research requires you to inquire or investigate about your
chosen research topic by asking questions .

3. Inquiry-based Learning
Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth,
information or knowledge”. The information is
sought through questioning. The process of inquiry
begins with gathering information and data through
applying the various human senses.

4. Characteristics of Research
EMPIRICAL Research is based on direct experience or
observation by the researcher.
LOGICAL
Research is based on valid procedures and
principles.
CYCLICAL
Research is a cyclical process because it starts
with a problem and ends with a problem.
ANALYTICAL
Research utilizes proven analytical procedures
in gathering the data.

5. Characteristics of Research
CRITICAL
Research exhibit careful and precise
judgement.
METHODOGICAL
Research is conducted in methodological
manner without bias using systematic method.
REPLICABILITY
The research design and procedure are
replicated and repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive
results.

6. Ethics in Research
Research ethics are guidelines for the
responsible conduct of research which educates
and monitors researchers to ensure high
standard. It promotes the aim of research, such
as expanding knowledge and supports the values
required for collaborative work, such as mutual
respect and fairness.

7. Rights of Research Participants
HUMAN RIGHTS VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
INTELLECT PROPERTY
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
ANONYMITY
PRIVACY

8. Ethical Standards in
Research Writing
Research Misconduct includes fabrication,
falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include
honest error of differences of opinion. It can
erode trust between researchers and funding
agencies, which make it more difficult for
colleagues at the same institution to receive
grants.

9. Plagiarism
Plagiarism refers to the act of using another
person’s ideas, works, processes, and results
without giving due credit. It should not be
tolerated as the unauthorized use of original
works, a violation of intellectual property rights.
FAILURE TO CITE QUOTATIONS AND BORROWED IDEAS,
FAILURE TO ENCLOSE BORROWED LANGUAGE IN QUOTATION MARKS,
AND
FAILURE TO PUT SUMMARISE AND PARAPHRASES IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

10. Ethical considerations in
conducting research
Objectivity and integrity
1.
Respect of the research subjects ‘right to
privacy and dignity and protection of subjects
from personal harm
2.
Presentation of research findings
3.
Misuse of research role
4.
Acknowledgement of research collaboration
and assistance
5.
Distortions of findings by sponsor
6.

11. Types of Research
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research is a method
of inquiry used to understand
and interpret human
experiences, behaviors, and
social phenomena. The
emphasis is on obtaining rich,
detailed information that can
provide insights into the
underlying motivations,
meanings, and perspectives of
the participants.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research is a
research method that focuses
on collecting and analyzing
numerical data to draw
conclusions and identify
patterns or relationships. The
emphasis is on measuring and
quantifying variables to test
hypotheses and answer
specific research questions.

12. Type of Qualitative
Research
ETHNOGRAPHY
Immersive
study of a
specific
cultural group
or community.
PHENOMENOLOGY
GROUNDED
THEORY
CASE STUDY
In-depth analysis
of a single case,
often to gain
insights into a
complex issue.
Examines
individuals' lived
experiences and
how they
interpret them.
Develops
theories from
the data
collected, rather
than testing
existing theories.

13. Type of Qualitative
Research
NARRATIVE
Examines
individual or
collective stories
to understand
the meaning-
making process.
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
INTERVIEWS FOCUS GROUP
Group
discussions to
gather collective
insights and
opinions.
Systematic
analysis of
textual, visual, or
audio content to
identify patterns
or themes.
In-depth
conversations to
explore
individuals'
perspectives,
experiences, or
opinions.

14. Thank you for
listening!