Qualitative research seeks to understand social or human problems by building a holistic picture through descriptive analysis and inductive reasoning. Key methods include participant observation, in-depth interviewing, focus group interviewing, content analysis, and narratology, each providing unique insights into human behavior in natural settings. The intent is to grasp complex social situations and interactions, with applications across various fields.

1. KINDS OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

2. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- has, so to speak, formalized this manner of getting
at the bottom of human situations, social
phenomena or inquiries about human behavior in
daily life.
- Cresswell (1994) defines qualitative research as "an
inquiry process of understanding a social or
human problem based on building a complex
holistic picture formed with words, reporting
detailed views of informants and conducted in a
natural setting."

3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
-Locke, Spirduso and Silverman (1987)
emphasize that the intent of qualitative
research is to understand a particular social
situation, event, role, group or interaction.
-Franenkel and Wallen (1990) stress that
researchers are interested in understanding
how things occur.

4. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
-By its nature, is essentially a descriptive
analysis and follows the inductive
process of reasoning. That is from
specific situations like a students losing
interest or motivation to study, to
arriving at a generalization of what has
caused such behavior.

5. KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Marshall and Rossman (1995) describe succinctly varied
qualitative research methods:
• Participant Observation – demands immersion in
the natural setting of the research participant/s.
• Observation – entails the systematic noting or
recording of events, behaviors and artifacts
(objects) in the social setting chosen for study.
Through this method, the researcher learns about
the behaviors and the meanings attached to those
behaviors.

6. KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• In-depth Interviewing – resembles conversations,
but with pre-determined response categories.
Interviewers should have excellent listening skills,
and be equally skillful at personal interaction,
questioning framing and gentle probing for
elaboration.
• Focus Group Interviewing – Involves 7-10, at times
6-8 people, who are unfamiliar with one another
and have been selected because they share certain
characteristics that are relevant to the research
inquiry or problem.

7. KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Content Analysis – Calls for systematic
examination of forms of communication to
document patterns objectively- as shown in
letters, emails, minutes of meetings, policy
statements and a lot more.
• Narratology- can be applied to any spoken or
written story. Narrative inquiry requires a great
deal of sensitivity between particpants and
researcher.

8. KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Films, Videos, and Photographs – this provide
visual records of events, especially the films and
videos which capture the perspective of the
filmmaker or videographer.

11. IMPORTANCE OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH ACROSS
DIFFERENT FIELDS