Efek cekaman logam

1. EFFECT OF CU TOXICITY ON
GROWTH OF SOME MUNGBEAN
VARIETIES (VIGNA RADIATA L.)
Henita Silmi
Khavata
(13620037)
Biologi Department
Faculty of Science and Technology
The Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2. Background
“Who has made earth for you like a bed (spread out); and has
opened roads (ways and paths) for you therein, and has sent
down water (rain) from the sky. And We have brought forth
with it various kinds of vegetation.”
QS. Thaa-Haa [verse 53]

3. mungbean
mineral
Pro-
vitamin A
vitamin B
complex
vitamin C
Vegetable
protein sources
starch
iron sulphur
calcium
Essential
substances for
human bodies
Fatty oil manganese
magnesium
niacin

5. 293
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use provision
Use and provision of mungbean
in 2014

6. Problem
Center research of Mineral and Coal
Technology (2009) reported that the
electronics factory in the area Cicalengka
generate a cesspool containing a copper
reached 40 tons / month
Poor
irrigation
management
system
Wijayanti (2008) that the Cu metal contained
in water and sediment of the Citarum River
along Dayeuhkolot to Nanjung segments is
the metal with the greatest concentration
compared to the chromium (Cr) and cadmium
(Cd) metals.

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8. • The levels of Cu :
- in the Land : 2 - 250 ppm
- Plants tissues in normal growing : 5 - 20 ppm.
• Critical condition :
- In the Land : 60-125 ppm
- In plant tissues: 5-60 ppm.
- In critical condition of plant growth, especially in the mungbean
start hampered as a result of the toxicity of Cu.

9. The Cu toxicity in mungbean plants
- Interrupt the absorption of essential minerals
and cell division,
- Destruct the cell wall tissue,
- Prevent of the growth of roots and shoots,
and lignin polymerization
so the plants grow stunted, limited branching,
the roots getting thicker and darker.

10. Identify the variety of mungbean (Vigna
radiata L.) tolerant on Cu toxicity
Kenari
Vima 1
Vima 2

11. The structure of mungbean plants (Vigna
radiata L.)
(Rukmana, 1997)

12. Climatic Conditions
- Growing up with a height of
500 m above sea level (asl)
- Temperatures between 25-27
°C
- Rainfall between 50-200 mm
per month
- Getting enough sunlight
(outdoors)
Soil
- The soil pH between 5.8 to
6.5
- Content of the necessary
nutrients such as phosphorus,
potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and sulphur
TermsofGrowingmungbean

13. Characteristics Of Copper (Cu)
redness
easy to
loose
malleable
immobile

14. • Inside the plant, the element Cu is an essential component
of a number of plant enzymes, such as diamine oxidase,
ascorbate oxidase, o-difenol oxidase, cytochrome-c
oxidase, superoxide dismutase, plastosianin oxidase, and
kuionol oxidase.
- as the activator and bring some enzymes.
- help smooth the process of photosynthesis,
chlorophyll formation and plays a role in reproductive
function.
Copper(Cu)andRoleofthePlants
Function

15. •The formation of stress proteins
(phytochelatins).
•change of enzymatic activity.
•inhibition the growth of roots and shoots
•reduction in the rate of transpiration
Response of plants to Cu toxicity

16. •Compartementation on Cu complex
which is not dissolved.
•Compartment on Cu complexes which
is dissolved.
•Adaptation of enzymes
Mechanism of Plant Resistance against Cu
toxicity

17. Research design
Varieties of mungbean
This research
used RAL with 2
factors that are
K1 : Kenari
K2 : Vima 1
K3 : Vima 2
C0 : 0 ppm
C1 : 30 ppm
C2 : 60 ppm
C3 : 90 ppm
Cu Doses
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18. Variable of Observation
1. Macro and micro nutrient analysis in the soil.
2. Measurement of plant height (cm) and counting the
number of leaves when plant are aged 15, 30, 45, 60
days.
3. The calculation of leaf area and chlorophyll test are aged
30 days.
4. Counting number of flowers.
5. The weighing of dry root and weighing of wet plant at
harvest.
6. Count number of pods.
7. Determination of Cu content in seeds.
8. Scoring of mungbean plant growth against Cu toxicity
tolerance
9. Index of metal stress sensitivity.
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19. SoilAnalysis
Peubah Analisis Hasil Analisis
pH 1:1
H2O
KCl 1 N
5,7
4,7
C. Organik (%) 2,56
N. Total (%) 0,22
C/N 12
P. Bray1 (mg kg-1) 77,33
K (me/100g) NH4OAC1N pH:7 0,3
Bahan Organik (%) 2,69
Cu. Total (ppm) HCl 25% 58,8
R
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and
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20. Varietas
Tinggi Tanaman (cm)
15 HST 30 HST 60 HST
Kenari 26,4667 c 35,5333 c 63,5583 b
Vima 1 24,0750 b 31,3750 b 50,1917 a
Vima 2 21,1750 a 27,9000 a 50,5917 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Tinggi Tanaman (cm)
30 HST 45 HST 60 HST
0 36,4778 b 50,9000 c 72,2333 c
30 29,7333 a 40,7667 ab 53,3556 b
60 31,2444 a 41,5333 b 50,2889 ab
90 28,9556 a 35,0111 a 43,2444 a
Varietas
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Tinggi Tanaman (cm)
30 HST 60 HST
Kenari
0 40,2667 g 91,6667 e
30 36,5333 fg 60,3667 cd
60 35,6333 efg 54,8333 bc
90 29,7000 bcd 47,3667 bc
Vima 1
0 34,3333 def 54,6000 bc
30 29,3333 bcd 44,2667 ab
60 30.6667 bcde 51,2000 bc
90 31,1667 cde 50,7000 bc
Vima 2
0 34,8333 ef 70,4333 d
30 23,3333 a 55,4333 bc
60 27,4333 abc 44,8333 ab
90 26,0000 ab 31,6667 a
Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Plant
Height
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and
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21. Varietas
Jumlah Daun
30 HST
Kenari 4.2500 b
Vima 1 4.1667 b
Vima 2 3.5833 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Jumlah Daun
15 HST 45 HST 60 HST
0 2.6667 b 6.1111 b 6.6667 b
30 2.5556 b 5.6667 ab 6.0000 a
60 2.2222 ab 5.4444 a 6.0000 a
90 2.0000 a 5.1111 a 5.5556 a
Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Number of
Leaves
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and
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22. Varietas Rata-Rata Luas Daun (cm2
)
Kenari 21.1767 b
Vima 1 21.0975 b
Vima 2 16.0008 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Rata-Rata Luas Daun (cm2
)
0 24.3411 c
30 20.8844 bc
60 17.8300 ab
90 14.6444 a
Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) onAverage Leaf
Area
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and
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23. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Chlorophyll
Content
Varietas Kadar Klorofil (mg/cm2
)
Kenari 28.4833 b
Vima 1 25.2583 a
Vima 2 25.9917 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Kadar Klorofil (mg/cm2
)
0 27.5333 c
30 27.1222 bc
60 26.1444 ab
90 25.5111 a
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24. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Number of
Flowers
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Jumlah Bunga
0 7.4444 c
30 5.5556 b
60 5.1111 ab
90 4.2222 a
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25. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Number of
Pods
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Jumlah Polong
0 5.5556 b
30 3.8889 a
60 4.1111 ab
90 3.0000 a
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26. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Total Dry Weight
of Plant
Varietas Berat Kering Total Tanaman (gram)
Kenari 1,02092 c
Vima 1 0,95092 b
Vima 2 0,79808 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Berat Kering Total Tanaman (gram)
0 1,44322 d
30 0,97056 c
60 0,75022 b
90 0,52922 a
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27. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Dry Weight of
Roots
Varietas Berat Kering Akar (gram)
Kenari 0,11400 c
Vima1 0,07967 a
Vima 2 0,09367 b
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Berat Kering Akar (gram)
0 0,18967 d
30 0,10544 c
60 0,06000 b
90 0,02800 a
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28. Effect of Cu Toxicity on Some Varieties of
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on Levels of Cu in
The Seeds
Varietas Kadar Cu dalam Biji
(ppm)
Kenari 0,062125 b
Vima 1 0,063975 c
Vima 2 0,059200 a
Konsentrasi Cu
(ppm)
Kadar Cu dalam Biji
(ppm)
0 0,048467 b
30 0,057167 b
60 0,066233 c
90 0,075200 d
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29. Score 1 : tolerant, growth normally, green leaf, and fertile
Score 2 : rather tolerant,rather plant grow normally,less fertile
Skoring 1 Skoring 2
Perlakuan Ulangan
1 2 3
K1C0 1 1 1
K1C1 1 1 1
K1C2 2 2 2
K1C3 2 2 2
K2C0 1 1 1
K2C1 2 1 1
K2C2 2 2 1
K2C3 2 2 2
K3C0 1 1 1
K3C1 1 2 1
K3C2 2 2 2
K3C3 2 2 2
Scoring of Mungbean Plant Growth
Against Cu Toxicity Tolerance

30. Index of Metal Stress Sensitivity
Varietas
Indeks Sensitivitas
Kadar
Klorofil
Karakter
Jumlah
Bunga
Karakter
Jumlah
Polong
Karakter
Berat
Kering
Total
Tanaman
Karakter
Berat
Kering
Akar
Karakter
Kenari 0,4 T 1 MT 1,3 P 0,9 MT 0,9 MT
Vima 1 0,6 MT 0,9 MT 0,7 MT 0,8 MT 1 MT
Vima 2 1,6 P 1 MT 0,8 MT 1,3 P 1 MT
Keterangan: Kriteria untuk menentukan tingkat toleran adalah jika nilai S<0,5 kategori genotip toleran, 0,5<S<1,0
kategori genotip medium toleran, dan S>1,0 untuk genotip peka.

31. Conclusion - Varieties of mung bean vima 1 are varieties that
are tolerant to Cu toxicity.
- Cu concentrations between 30-90 ppm result in
decreased plant height, number of leaves, average leaf
area, chlorophyll content, number of flowers, number of
pods, total dry weight of plant, and root dry weight on
mung beans plants.
- The plant height of 30-60 HST is the same as the
control is Vima1 with a concentration of Cu 30-90
ppm, the total dry weight plant of the most closely
related was Vima 1 with a concentration of Cu 30
ppm, dry weight of roots the most closely related
to control is the varieties of Kenari with a
concentration of Cu 30 ppm, while the levels of Cu
in the seeds that closed to the control is Vima 2
with concentration of Cu 30 ppm .