The Internet is a global network connecting computers around the world through wires like phone lines, forming a "superhighway" linking cities, towns, and homes. It allows users to send email, research information, shop, get news and entertainment like games. Key Internet concepts include the World Wide Web (WWW), browsers as software to view web pages, search engines to find information, URLs as unique web page addresses, domains indicating site types, and HTML as the language used to create web pages.