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ASMA PADA ANAK
Oleh Kelompok B
DEFINISI ASMA
Penyakit
heterogen
Inflamasi
kronis pada
saluran nafas
memiliki riwayat
gangguan
pernafasan yang
kronis
GINA 2021
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
PREVALENSI ASMA
Riskesdas 2018. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf Accessed 5 Agustus 2021
PATOGENESIS ASMA
Barnes PJ. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunology. 2008 (8): 183–191
Klasifikasi
Klasifikasi
Berdasarkan
fenotip
Kekerapan
gejala
Derajat
beratnya
serangan
Derajat
kendali
KLASIFIKASI ASMA
UKK Respirologi PP IDAI . 2016. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak, Edisi Ke-2. Jakarta: IDAI
Derajat Kekerapan gejala
Intermiten Episode gejala <6x/tahun atau jarak gejala ≥ 6 minggu
Persisten ringan Episode gejala >1x/bulan, <1x/minggu
Persisten sedang Episode gejala >1x/minggu, tidak setiap hari
Persisten berat Episode gejala hampir tiap hari
DERAJAT ASMA BERDASARKAN
KEKERAPAN GEJALA
UKK Respirologi PP IDAI . 2016. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak, Edisi Ke-2. Jakarta: IDAI
Ringan-Sedang Berat Serangan asma dengan
ancaman henti napas
- Bicara dalam kalimat
- Lebih senang duduk
daripada berbaring
- Tidak gelisah
- Frekuensi napas meningkat
- Frekuensi nadi meningkat
- Retraksi minimal
- SPO2 (udara kamar) 90-95%
- PEF>50% prediksi atau
terbaik
- Bicara dalam kata
- Duduk bertopang lengan
- Gelisah
- RR meningkat
- Nadi meningkat
- Retraksi jelas
- SpO2 (udara kamar) <90%
- PEF<= 50% prediksi atau
terbaik
Kriteria asma serangan berat
terpenuhi ditambah dengan :
- Mengantuk
- Letargi
- Suara napas tak terdengar
DERAJAT BERATNYA SERANGAN
UKK Respirologi PP IDAI . 2016. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak, Edisi Ke-2. Jakarta: IDAI
ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan
Fisik
Pemeriksaan
Penunjang
ANAMNESIS ASMA BERAT DI IGD
Onset serangan Penyebab eksaserbasi
Derajat beratnya serangan:
Keterbatasan fisik?
Gangguan tidur?
Tanda-tanda anafilaktik?
Riwayat medikamentosa:
Obat reliever dan
controller?
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK ASMA BERAT DI IGD
Gejala Ringan - sedang Berat
Kesadaran Tidak terganggu Gelisah, mengantuk
SaO2 > 95 % < 92 %
BIcara Kalimat Kata-kata
Nadi < 100 kali/ menit > 180 kali/ menit (0-3 tahun)
> 150 kali/ menit (4-5 tahun)
Frekuensi nafas ≤ 40 kali/ menit > 40 kali/ menit
Sianosis sentral Tidak ada Ada
Intensitas wheezing Bervariasi Silent chest
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Pemeriksaan
Saturasi
Oksigen
Foto thorax
Pemeriksaan
fungsi paru
Pemeriksaaan
Analisis Gas
Darah
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD
Asesmen awal: A-B-
C
Apakah diikuti:
mengantuk, letargi, silent chest?
Tidak
Triase lebih
lanjut
Ya
•Siapkan perawatan ICU
•Inhalasi ß2 agonis kerja pendek
•Oksigen
•Intubasi (jika perlu)
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD
Ringan-sedang Berat
Bicara dalam kata
Duduk bertopang
tangan
Gelisah
RR > 30 kali/mnt
Nadi > 120 kali/mnt
Retraksi otot
tambahan
SatO2 < 90%
PEF ≤ 50% prediksi
atau terbaik
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
TATALAKSANA ASMA
SERANGAN BERAT
2020 2021
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia < 5 tahun
2020 2021
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia
pada usia < 5 tahun
2020
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
2021
Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia > 6
tahun dan Dewasa
2020
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
2021
Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia > 6
tahun dan Dewasa
2020 2021
Tatalaksana Asma Eksaserbasi di IGD
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
2020 2021
Tatalaksana Asma Eksaserbasi di IGD
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
"Management of Severe Asthma Exacerbation" by Roubing Wang for OPENPediatrics
TERIMA KASIH

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PPT Asma Prof Kel B.pptx

  • 1. ASMA PADA ANAK Oleh Kelompok B
  • 2. DEFINISI ASMA Penyakit heterogen Inflamasi kronis pada saluran nafas memiliki riwayat gangguan pernafasan yang kronis GINA 2021 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 3. PREVALENSI ASMA Riskesdas 2018. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf Accessed 5 Agustus 2021
  • 4. PATOGENESIS ASMA Barnes PJ. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunology. 2008 (8): 183–191
  • 6. Derajat Kekerapan gejala Intermiten Episode gejala <6x/tahun atau jarak gejala ≥ 6 minggu Persisten ringan Episode gejala >1x/bulan, <1x/minggu Persisten sedang Episode gejala >1x/minggu, tidak setiap hari Persisten berat Episode gejala hampir tiap hari DERAJAT ASMA BERDASARKAN KEKERAPAN GEJALA UKK Respirologi PP IDAI . 2016. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak, Edisi Ke-2. Jakarta: IDAI
  • 7. Ringan-Sedang Berat Serangan asma dengan ancaman henti napas - Bicara dalam kalimat - Lebih senang duduk daripada berbaring - Tidak gelisah - Frekuensi napas meningkat - Frekuensi nadi meningkat - Retraksi minimal - SPO2 (udara kamar) 90-95% - PEF>50% prediksi atau terbaik - Bicara dalam kata - Duduk bertopang lengan - Gelisah - RR meningkat - Nadi meningkat - Retraksi jelas - SpO2 (udara kamar) <90% - PEF<= 50% prediksi atau terbaik Kriteria asma serangan berat terpenuhi ditambah dengan : - Mengantuk - Letargi - Suara napas tak terdengar DERAJAT BERATNYA SERANGAN UKK Respirologi PP IDAI . 2016. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak, Edisi Ke-2. Jakarta: IDAI
  • 8. ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD Anamnesis Pemeriksaan Fisik Pemeriksaan Penunjang
  • 9. ANAMNESIS ASMA BERAT DI IGD Onset serangan Penyebab eksaserbasi Derajat beratnya serangan: Keterbatasan fisik? Gangguan tidur? Tanda-tanda anafilaktik? Riwayat medikamentosa: Obat reliever dan controller? Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 10. PEMERIKSAAN FISIK ASMA BERAT DI IGD Gejala Ringan - sedang Berat Kesadaran Tidak terganggu Gelisah, mengantuk SaO2 > 95 % < 92 % BIcara Kalimat Kata-kata Nadi < 100 kali/ menit > 180 kali/ menit (0-3 tahun) > 150 kali/ menit (4-5 tahun) Frekuensi nafas ≤ 40 kali/ menit > 40 kali/ menit Sianosis sentral Tidak ada Ada Intensitas wheezing Bervariasi Silent chest Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 11. PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG Pemeriksaan Saturasi Oksigen Foto thorax Pemeriksaan fungsi paru Pemeriksaaan Analisis Gas Darah Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 12. ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD Asesmen awal: A-B- C Apakah diikuti: mengantuk, letargi, silent chest? Tidak Triase lebih lanjut Ya •Siapkan perawatan ICU •Inhalasi ß2 agonis kerja pendek •Oksigen •Intubasi (jika perlu) Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 13. ASESMEN ASMA BERAT DI IGD Ringan-sedang Berat Bicara dalam kata Duduk bertopang tangan Gelisah RR > 30 kali/mnt Nadi > 120 kali/mnt Retraksi otot tambahan SatO2 < 90% PEF ≤ 50% prediksi atau terbaik Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 15. 2020 2021 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia < 5 tahun
  • 16. 2020 2021 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia pada usia < 5 tahun
  • 17. 2020 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org 2021 Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia > 6 tahun dan Dewasa
  • 18. 2020 Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org 2021 Tatalaksana Eksaserbasi Asma pada Anak usia > 6 tahun dan Dewasa
  • 19. 2020 2021 Tatalaksana Asma Eksaserbasi di IGD Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 20. 2020 2021 Tatalaksana Asma Eksaserbasi di IGD Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2021. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
  • 21. "Management of Severe Asthma Exacerbation" by Roubing Wang for OPENPediatrics

Editor's Notes

  1. Pemeriksaan Fisik dimulai dari