This document discusses the trends in chickenpox (varicella) in the USA before and after the introduction of the varicella vaccine in 1995. Before 1995, around 4 million people in the USA would get chickenpox each year, resulting in over 10,000 hospitalizations and 100-150 deaths annually. The varicella vaccine was found to be safe and effective based on data from other countries where it was already in use. Studies also found the vaccine to be cost-effective. After the vaccine was recommended for children in 1995, rates of chickenpox declined significantly, reducing medical costs and lost work days associated with the disease.