2. Table of Contents Brief history Founding Impact on native people Design and Architecture Parts of a mission Architectural features Famous missions Santa Barbara San Diego Santa Cruz Missions in modern times
3. Mission History Spanish rule- King Charles III Father Junipero Serra founded the first missions Create a literate population that would have been useful to the Spanish government Bring Christianity to the native people Built near coasts 21 missions total spanning 650 miles Religious and military conquests Cost a great deal of lives
5. Tensions with the native people Tensions with Mexico Many American Indians were forced to convert to Catholicism, learn Spanish and learn various trades Diseases were also spread- measles epidemic of 1806 Many cultures were wiped out by the Europeans Mexico proclaimed native people with the Alta California area free and eligible to become Mexican citizens 1827- Spaniards under 60 were expelled from the territory Cultural Impacts
6. Design All missions were built with a similar layout Rectangular courtyard Shops, rooms, church Bell tower Site selection Close to the coast Large populations of potential converts Land for farming and livestock
12. Santa Cruz Holy Cross 12th mission, established in 1791 Spanish explorer named the area Santa Cruz in 1769 Founded during a peaceful time between missionaries and Spanish military
13. Missions Today Regarded as an important aspect of California heritage Some are still working churches Many of them are historical landmarks The original mission trail, known as El Camino Real, can be still be followed through several freeways. Some of California’s most prominent cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, were built due to the mission system
