Thesis power point about Salicylic acid, lead and kidney beanplants.

2. Kurdistan Region –Iraq
Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research
Salahaddin University – Erbil
By
Halala Rahman Qadir
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Karim Salih Abdul

3. Introduction
Introduction

4. Introduction
The Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a
herbaceous annual plant species, belongs to
leguminous family.
Common bean

5. Introduction
Bean source of …
Protein
(20–25%)
Complex
carbohydrates
(50–60%)
Minerals
Dietary
fiber
vitamins

6. Introduction
Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous growth
regulator of phenolic nature, which participates in
the regulation of physiological processes in plants.
Salicylic acid (SA)

7. Introduction
SA plays a key role in the regulation of plant
growth and development including seed
germination, fruit yield, glycolysis, flowering, ion
uptake and transport, photosynthetic rate,
stomatal conductance and transpiration.
SA interact with other factors to response
to environmental stresses.

8. Introduction
Lead (Pb), is one of the heaviest non-essential
metals released into the natural environment
from a range of anthropogenic activities. Upon
release, it gets accumulated in the soil and
causes toxicity to plants and animals.
Pb toxicity in plant causes problems such as
reduction in growth and production levels,
yellowing of young leaves, reduction in
absorption of essential elements and the
rate of photosynthesis.

9. The aims of the present study
Investigation of the effect of each of
SA and Pb on growth and
development of common bean plant
under normal conditions, as well as
studying the ability of SA to
alleviating Pb toxicity through the
interaction effects of different
concentrations of each of them.

10. Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in Glass house of Science
College – University of Salahaddin

11. Materials and Methods
Vegetative growth
parameters
Yield
components
Plant height
Number of
pods/plant
Number of
leaves
Number of
seeds/pod
Number of
branches
Dry weight
of 100 seeds
Dry weight of
shoot system
Leaf area

12. Materials and Methods
Biochemical contents
1. Chlorophyll content of leaves (mg/g fresh weight)
2. Proline determination of leaves (µg/g fresh weight)
3. Phenol determination of leaves (µg/g fresh wight)
4. Water content of shoot system (g/plant)
5. Total protein content (%)
6. Total carbohydrate content of seeds (%)

13. Materials and Methods
Total nitrogen
(mg/g)
Total phosphorus
(mg/g)
Mineral nutrient content in
dry weight
Total K+ and Na+2
(mg/g)
Total Ca+2, Mg+2,
Mn+2, Zn+2 and
Fe+
Total lead content
in plant and soil

14. Statistical analysis
CRD and Factorial CRD were
performed for this study design.
SPSS(V 16) was used for statistical
analysis.

15. Results

16. Results
Table(1): Effect of different concentrations of SA on plant
height at different stages of growth
Plant height(cm) after (days) from treatment
SA ppm
15days
30days
45days
60days
0
14.95 a
19.82 a
23.68 ab
27.55 a
50
15.32 a
20.25 a
21.87 a
26.92 a
100
16.05 a
19.90 a
24.00 ab
26.85 a
200
15.00 a
19.42 a
25.00 ab
28.77 a
400
16.60 a
20.07 a
26.07 b
29.25 a

17. Results
Table (2): Effect of different concentrations of SA on
number of leaves at different stages of growth
Number of leaves after (days) from treatment
SA ppm
15days
30days
45days
60days
0
8.5 a
13.75 a
17.75 a
21.50 a
50
10.25 ab
14.75 ab
18.25 a
24.00 ab
100
11.50 bc
14.00 ab
18.75 a
23.50 ab
200
13.00 c
15.25 ab
21.75 a
26.75 b
400
12.75 c
16.50 b
22.25 a
26.25 b

18. Results
Table 3: Effect of different concentrations of SA on
number of branches at different stages of growth
Number of branches after (days) from treatment
SA ppm
15days
30days
45days
60days
0
3.25 a
4.50
a
6.00 a
8.00 a
50
4.00 ab
5.00 a
6.50 a
8.50 ab
100
3.25 a
4.75 a
6.25 a
8.75 ab
200
4.25 b
5.00 a
7.00 ab
9.00 ab
400
4.50
b
5.50 a
7.75
b
9.50 b

19. Results
3
a
b
b
b
b
dry weight of shoot (g)
2
1
0
SA application at different methods
Fig. (1): Effect of SA applied at different methods on dry weight
of shoot system

20. Results
Dry weight of 100 seeds(g)
35
30
a
ab
ab
a
b
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
50
100
200
400
SA concentrations (ppm)
Fig. (2): Effect of different concentrations of SA
on dry weight of 100 seeds

21. Results
Table(3): Effect of different concentrations of SA on some
mineral nutrient content of leaves
Mineral nutrient content mg.g-1
µg.g-1
SA ppm
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium Magnesium
Manganese
0
42.00 a
2.70 a
14.91 a
24.62 a
2.66 a
3.74 a
19.44 a
50
46.66 a
4.33 a
16.45 ab
29.00 a
2.50 a
3.88 a
22.31 ab
100
48.22 a
4.04 a
15.33 ab
27.03 a 3.00 ab
3.97 a
25.19 ab
200
43.94 a
3.51 a
18.17 b
20.23 a
3.75b
4.05 a
30.51 ab
400
43.50 a
4.88 a
14.38 a
30.23 a 2.99 ab
4.23 a
33.36
b

22. Results
Table (4): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on plant
height at different stage of growth
Plant height(cm) after (days) from treatment
Pb mg.Kg-1
15days
30days
45days
60days
0
14.32 a
19.07 b
24.46 b
26.63 b
5
12.47 a
14.97 a
21.62 ab
25.65 ab
10
13.90 a
17.25 ab
21.90 ab
24.90 ab
15
13.65 a
15.35 a
18.52 a
22.72 ab
20
14.15 a
15.37
a
19.50 a
21.06 a

23. Results
Table(5): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on number of
leaves at different stages of growth
Number of leaves after (days) from treatment
Pb mg.Kg-1
15days
30days
45days
60days
0
12.50 a
15.75 a
20.25 a
23.25 c
5
11.75 a
14.75 a
18.50 a
22.00 bc
10
11.00 a
15.75 a
18.25 a
21.50 b
15
10.25 a
11.75 a
17.75 a
21.00 b
20
10.75 a
15.00 a
17.50 a
19.50 a

24. Results
Number of pods/plant
18
b
ab
ab
16
ab
a
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
5
10
15
20
Pb concentrations (mg/kg)
Fig. (3): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on number
of pods.plant-1

25. Results
Table (6): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on chlorophyll
content of leaves (mg.g-1fresh weight)
Photosynthetic Pigments(mg.g-1 fresh weight)
Pb
mg.Kg-1
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Total
chlorophyll
0
0.86 b
0.58 b
1.45 b
5
0.61 a
0.33 ab
0.94 a
10
0.69 ab
0.11 a
0.81 a
15
0.512 a
0.31 ab
0.82 a
20
0.55 a
0.16 a
0.71 a

26. Results
Table(7): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on some
biochemical contents of leaves and seeds
Pb
mg.kg-1
Protein %
Carbohydrate %
Proline
µg.g-1
Total phenol µg.g1
0
30.86 a
51.09
a
18.60 a
14.56 a
5
24.54 a
44.68 a
33.75 ab
17.48 a
10
22.84 a
45.67 a
39.03 ab
17.04 a
15
27.22 a
46.52 a
31.04 ab
25.16 a
20
24.06 a
50.09 a
43.48 b
20.45 a

27. Results
Table (8): Effect of different concentrations of Pb on some
mineral nutrient contents of leaves
Nutrient contents mg.g-1
µg.g-1
mg.Kg-1
Nitrogen
Phospho
rus
potassi
um
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesiu
m
Mangane
se
Iron
Zinc
Lead
0
49.38 a
2.71 a
17.20 b
3.02 a
33.64 b
3.08 a
28.71 b
421.78 a
55.93 a
118.83 a
5
39.27 a
2.99 a
14.82 ab
2.75 a
27.75 ab
3.12 a
18.71 a
302.05 a
42.79 a
133.79 ab
10
36.55 a
2.54 a
14.92 ab
2.77 a
20.87 a
2.55 a
22.44 ab
356.48 a
40.60 a
173.60 ab
15
43.55 a
2.08 a
13.35 a
2.33 a
23.25 ab
2.81 a
21.91 ab
334.72 a
44.56 a
214.30 b
20
37.62 a
2.06 a
13.49 ab
1.91 a
22.16 ab
2.33 a
23.61 ab
397.60 a
36.22 a
198.40 ab

28. Results
Table (9): Interaction effects of SA and Pb on plant height at different
stages of growth
Interaction treatments
Pb mg.Kg-1
Plant height (cm) after (days) from application
30days
45days
60days
12.62 a
15.40 a
18.32 a
20.62 a
50
13.22 a
15.58 ab
19.20 ab
21.90 ab
100
14.30 ab
16.14 ab
20.17 ab
22.64 bc
200
15.17 b
17.35 ab
22.52 c
25.23 de
400
15.57 b
17.92 b
21.25 bc
24.70 de
0
12.65 a
15.30 a
18.70 a
21.50 ab
50
10
15 days
0
5
SA ppm
14.02 ab
15.72 ab
20.85 abc
23.97 c
100
13.70 ab
16.25 ab
21.14 bc
24.03 cd
200
13.20 a
17.35 ab
22.45 c
25.87 e
400
15.62 b
16.87 ab
22.15 c
24.92 cd

29. Results
Table(10): Interaction effects of SA and Pb on yield characteristics
Interaction treatments
Pb mg.Kg-1
SA ppm
Yield characteristics
Number of
Number of
Dry weight of
pods.plant-1
seeds.pod-1
100 seeds
0
50
15.75 a
5.25 ab
19.25 a
18.50 a
5.75 ab
5.50 ab
400
0
10
4.75 a
100
200
5
14.25 a
20.25 a
12.25 a
6.00 ab
5.25 ab
50
100
200
400
17.50 a
15.75 a
14.25 a
17.75 a
5.50 ab
5.80 ab
5.25 ab
6.25 b
25.63 a
26.90 ab
28.25 ab
29.08 ab
26.80 ab
26.63 ab
27.25 ab
28.25 ab
29.08 ab
31.50 b

30. Results
Table (11):Interaction effects of SA and Pb on chlorophyll content
of leaves (mg.g-1fresh weight)
Interaction treatments
Pb mg.Kg-1
5
10
Photosynthetic pigments (mg.g-1fresh weight)
SA ppm
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Total chlorophyll
0
50
100
200
400
0
50
100
200
400
0.78 bc
0.69 bc
0.32 a
0.88 c
0.67 bc
0.45 ab
0.89 c
0.56 abc
0.57 abc
0.83 c
0.16 a
0.27 a
0.26 a
0.43 a
0.68 a
0.10 a
0.43 a
0.41 a
0.19 a
0.39 a
0.95 abc
0.97 abc
0.58 ab
1.32 bc
1.35 c
0.56 a
1.32 bc
0.98 abc
0.76 abc
1.22 abc

31. Conclusions
and
Recommendati
ons

32. Conclusions
1- Exogenous application of SA by different
methods such as foliar spray, presoaking
seeds, injection, and soil application have
effective roles in growth and development
by enhancing vegetative growth such as
plant height, number of leaves, number of
branches, dry weight of shoot system, leaf
area, yield components and chemical
characteristics.

33. Conclusions
2- Soil application of Pb negatively affected
vegetative growth characteristics such as
plant height, number of leaves, number of
branches, shoot dry weight and has
negative effect on both yield characteristics
and chemical components.
3- The adverse effects of Pb2+ toxicity on
growth, yield characteristics and chemical
components alleviated by foliar application
of SA.

34. Recommendations
Conducting more studies regarding SA to
improve the growth and yield characteristics
of bean and other crops, especially legumes.
More studies are suggested for alleviating
negative effects of heavy metals by positive
effects of SA.
Further experiments could be carried under
field condition to examine the positive effects
of SA on bean plants.