The document discusses various modes of transportation and their environmental impacts. It describes how some cities are reducing traffic and pollution by charging cars to enter the city, like London's $16 fee. It also discusses the efficiency of hybrid vehicles like the Toyota Prius compared to average US vehicles, and the types of hybrids that exist. New York and San Francisco are working to convert their taxi fleets to hybrids. Well-designed public transport systems that combine rail, buses, bike lanes and walking paths can provide low-cost, sustainable mobility. Japan's bullet trains are also discussed as a popular green transportation option.

1. Transportation and the Earth By: Alycen Rowland Rachel Lucas Composition 102 June 2009

2. Redesigning Urban Transportation Some cities are reducing traffic congestion and air pollution by charging cars to enter the city. An example of this is London charges cars the equivalent of $16 a car to enter.

3. Suburbs and Commuter Culture What are their options?

4. Efficiency of hybrid cars The Toyota Prius, a mid-size hybrid car gets an impressive 46 miles per gallon in combined city/highway driving, compared with 20 miles per gallon for the average new U.S. passenger vehicle.

5. Types of hybrids Two types now exist - the electric hybrid which uses an electric motor in addition to the diesel or gasoline engine and the hydrogen or water hybrid which uses hydrogen extracted from water and adds it to the fuel air mixture of the engine.

6. Hybrid Taxis New York and San Francisco are making strides to convert all of there taxis into hybrids.

7. Electric Cars

8. Transport Systems Urban transport systems based on a combination of rail lines bus lines bicycle pathways pedestrian walkways offer the best of all possible worlds in providing mobility, low-cost transportation, and a healthy urban environment.

9. SHINKANSEN ( Japanese Bullet Train ) These trains have become popular in Japan and they connect all the major cities.

10. United States The United States is way behind Europe in Green Transportation. GAS TAX NEW CARS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

11. The CTE The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) is a nonprofit organization that facilitates the research, development, demonstration, bridge to commercialization, and market acceptance of advanced transportation technologies and alternative fuels.

12. Cars and the Environment Cars and light trucks, which include sport utility vehicles, pickups and most minivans, emit more than 300 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year in the United States.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY R. Brown, Lester. Plan B 3.0 Mobilizing to Save Civilization, Third Edition. New York: W. Norton, 2008. http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Do-Hybrid-Cars-Help-the-Environment&id=1336189 http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/shinkansen/ http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/nyregion/23taxi.html http://planetgreen.discovery.com/go-green/public-transportation/ http://www.cte.tv/ http://www.edf.org/page.cfm?tagID=40