The document provides an overview of pharmaceutical powders, defining them as fine, dry particles comprising active and inert ingredients used for various administration routes. It details types of powders, including simple and compound powders, dusting powders for external use, and effervescent powders that create fizzing solutions when dissolved. The summary highlights the versatility and therapeutic applications of these powders in medicine.

1. POWDERS

2. Here's an outline with details on pharmaceutical powders,
covering each topic:
### 1. Definition of Powders
Pharmaceutical powders are fine, dry particles composed of
one or more drugs and inert ingredients. They’re used for
various routes, including oral, topical, and inhalation. Powders
offer flexibility in dosing, especially for children and those with
swallowing difficulties, making them one of the oldest and
most versatile dosage forms.

3. ### 4. Simple and Compound Powders (Official Preparations)
- **Simple Powders**: Contain only one active ingredient,
often used for specific therapeutic purposes (e.g., antacid
powders).
- **Compound Powders**: Contain multiple active
ingredients. They are prepared according to official
pharmacopoeias for accurate dosing and stability.
### 5. Dusting Powders
- **Description**: Applied externally, often for skin
protection or infection prevention. Ingredients like talc, starch,
or zinc oxide help reduce irritation and absorb moisture.
- **Usage**: Often applied to moist areas prone to friction,
such as feet or underarms, to soothe and protect the skin.
### 6. Effervescent Powders
- **Description**: Contain acid and carbonate salts that
release carbon dioxide when dissolved in water, creating a
fizzing solution.
- **Usage**: Commonly used for pleasant-tasting
medications (like pain relief powders) or those needing rapid
dissolution, such as antacids.
### 7. Efflorescent and Hygroscopic Powders