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1. POSTERO-ANTERIOR
CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES AND LIMITATIONS.
RICKETTS ANALYSIS.
SVANHOLT AND SOLOW ANALYSIS.
GRUMMONS ANALYSIS.
GRAYSON ANALYSIS.
HEWITT ANALYSIS.
CHIERICI ANALYSIS.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Since the advent of cephalometric radiography,
orthodontists have focused on the lateral x-ray as their
primary source of patient skeletal and dentoalveolar
data.However, the frontal view also contain valuable
information for diagnosis and treatment planning
procedures.
Various dental and skeletal widths and skeletal
asymmetries that are not available from the lateral
cephalograms can be quantified from a frontal
radiograph.
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3. POSTERO-ANTERIOR
CEPHALOMETRIC USES &
LIMITATIONS
Aims:
They evaluate craniofacial skeleton by means of
linear absolute measurements of:
Width or height.
Angles
Ratios.
Volumetric Comparison.
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4. Uses:
Different structures of cranio-facial complex can
also be analyzed using qualitative methods.
A postero-anterior cephalograms evaluates the
vertical, transverse and sagittal dimensions of
different structures.
Different structures can be evaluated w.r.t their
vertical dimension, position and proportionality.
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5. Vertical asymmetry can be easily detected by
connecting bilateral structures, drawing
transverse planes, and by observing their
relative orientation(Sollar,1947, Proffit, 1991).
The use of ratios in postero-anterior
cephalograms can help compare different
persons or groups whose radiographs have
been taken with uncontrolled enlargement of
different structures of skull on X-ray film
(Athanasiou et al, 1992)
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6. Limitations:
Precise linear measurements on postero-anterior
cephalograms may be misleading. eg. The apparent
distance will be affected by a tilt of the head in the head
holder.
Angular measurements can also be influenced in an
uncontrolled manner.
Diagnostic interpretation of ratios for clinical applications in
individual cases is difficult.
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