Needle stick injury (NSI) has a serious risk of transmission of various blood...lokendraicn
Needle stick injury (NSI) has a serious risk of transmission of various blood borne pathogens amongst healthcare personnel and more so in anaesthesiologists.
Post exposure prophylaxis- HEALTH SECTOR WELLNESS SERVICES SEJOJO PHAAROE
HIV and HIV transmission
Indicators for PEP
Pre—requisite for PEP
-baseline and follow up tests
Pre-requisite for PEP Provision
PEP package
ARV- Treatment and adherence
Needle stick injury (NSI) has a serious risk of transmission of various blood...lokendraicn
Needle stick injury (NSI) has a serious risk of transmission of various blood borne pathogens amongst healthcare personnel and more so in anaesthesiologists.
Post exposure prophylaxis- HEALTH SECTOR WELLNESS SERVICES SEJOJO PHAAROE
HIV and HIV transmission
Indicators for PEP
Pre—requisite for PEP
-baseline and follow up tests
Pre-requisite for PEP Provision
PEP package
ARV- Treatment and adherence
This focuses on the Consensus Recommendations on the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infections in the Philippine Setting by Saguil, Bermudez, Antonio and Cochon, PJSS 2017.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
This focuses on the Consensus Recommendations on the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infections in the Philippine Setting by Saguil, Bermudez, Antonio and Cochon, PJSS 2017.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Objectives
• Describe the modes and risks of transmission
of HIV after exposure
• Outline HIV prevention in care settings and
post exposure prophylactic strategies
• Explain the management of accidental
exposure in the health care setting
• Outline HIV prophylaxis including after rape
3. Introduction
• Health care personnel who have occupational
exposure to blood are at risk for HIV infection
• Prevention of blood exposure, through safer
practices, barrier precautions, safer needle
devices, and other innovations, is the best way to
prevent infection with HIV and other blood borne
pathogens
• Although these strategies have been successful in
reducing the frequency of blood exposure and
needle-stick injuries in the past decade, the
hazard has not been eliminated
4. Universal precautions
• All blood and body fluids assumed to be
infected
• Hand washing access, policies, practices
– After every examination/procedure
• Gloves, needle disposal
• Needle injury surveillance
• Avoid blood/fluid contact with inflamed skin,
eyes, sores
• Supervision,education,motivation
5. HIV infectiousness
• Very low probability, high consequence event
– Percutaneous ~ 0.3% & less for mucus
membranes/skin
• 100x less infectious than hepatitis B, 10x less
than hepatitis C in health care environment
6. HIV infectiousness
• Hepatitis is a better sentinel for blood borne
infection
– Can survive dried blood on surfaces ~ 1 week
• Over 99% of HIV infection in healthcare
workers not from workplace exposure(best
guess)
7. HIV infectiousness
• Best guess, less than 1000, of 70 million HIV
infections, acquired in workplace or from
contact with infected caregivers
• Very few acquisitions from splashing
blood/chance contact—less likely than
lightening strike
• Need more information in high prevalence HIV
areas
8. HIV infected HCWs
• Risks to patients are un-measurably low
• >100x less transmission than hepatitis b
positive surgeon
• Likely no restrictions required
• ARV’s lowers viral load/risk further
• Not required to inform patients
9. Needle stick injury
• Risk increases with hollow bore needle,
increased caliber, severity of injury, visible
blood, viral load/clinical stage of HIV, HIV
prevalence in population
• Risk if patient HIV positive between 1/250
with high risk exposure to <1/5000 with
exposure to a solid surgical needle
• Must be taken seriously
10. Prevention as a way of life for HCWs
• Regular in-service, supervision
• Written programs with HCWs ownership of
processes
• Surveillance and use of data to demonstrate
program success/failure-anecdotes
• Education to ensure infections not acquired
away from work
• HANDWASHING!!!
11. HIV testing after exposure
• The interval between the onset of viremia and
the detection of HIV antibody, with the use of
current enzyme immunoassays for HIV, is a
few days at most.
• If the result of a reliable HIV test in the source
patient is negative, the risk of transmission is
assumed to be zero, unless the patient has
risk factors for infection and the clinical
findings are compatible with acute HIV
infection (e.g., fever, pharyngitis, rash,
lymphadenopathy)
12. Post exposure prophylaxis
• Studies from US and others show that PEP
protection is not absolute
• Probably PEP protects 81%
• 50% staff report side effects and can be life
threatening in rare cases
13. PEP Guidelines
• Encourage bleeding by squeezing site if a
puncture wound. Do not suck blood or
squeeze too much as to bruise. Do not scrub
areas or use nailbrush
• Apply methylated spirit, Betadine, Iodine or
other virucidal disinfectant
• Wash the affected area gently with plenty of
soap and water
14. PEP Guidelines
• Irrigate with water if splashing occurs into eye,
mucous membrane or non-intact skin
• If HAART is necessary, it should be done within
1 to 2 hours of exposure best within 15
minutes
15. PEP Guidelines……
• The source patient shall have blood removed
for quick ELISA. Note that start of ARVS can be
done before the result is available. If consent
cannot be obtained from the patient, a
consultant can be called to order the test.
• If the result of the source patient is negative,
the stat initial dose is enough
• If the result of the source patient is positive
treatment for the staff must continue
16. PEP Guidelines….
• Treatment duration shall be for 4 weeks
• The staff will need to be counseled as soon as
is practical and ELISA taken with the highest
level of confidentiality.
• There shall baseline tests to monitor drug
toxicity at the HAART clinic and repeat after 2
weeks for the staff on treatment.
17. PEP Guidelines…
• HIV serology and or PCR testing shall be done
at the 5th week for the staff on treatment
• A detailed report shall be kept in the HAART
clinic
18. PEP Guidelines…
• HIV serology and or PCR testing shall be done
at the 5th week for the staff on treatment
• A detailed report shall be kept in the HAART
clinic
19. Post Rape HIV Prophylaxis
• When the choice is made to take medications to
prevent HIV infection, treatment should be
initiated as soon as possible, but no later than 72
hours following the assault, and should be
continued for 28 days.
• HIV post exposure prophylaxis should be
provided in the context of a comprehensive
treatment and counseling program that
recognizes the physical and psychosocial trauma
experienced by victims of sexual assault.
20. TREATMENT PROTOCALS FOR POST
EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
Treatment regimen(28 days)
• Zidovudin 300mg twice a day or 200mg 3
times a day
Alternative regimen (28 days)
• Didanosine 200mg twice a day and sitavudine
twice a day and stavudine 40mg twice a day
and consider adding nevirapine
21. TREATMENT PROTOCALS FOR POST
EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS…
Testing of the victim;
• HIV antibody-Repeat after 6weeks, 3 months
and 6 months
• Hepatitis virus service antibody test,
Gonnorrhea,chlamydia and syphillis tests, wet
mount for trichomonas, Pregnancy test if
appropriate, Hepatic enzymes levels ( repeat
as clinically indicated), complete blood count-
repeat as clinically indicated)