Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES.docx

•Download as DOCX, PDF•

0 likes•2 views

Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES Name Class Date Professor Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES When people from one race are stereotyped as criminals the end result will be that this race will begin to commit more crimes in society. Racial stereotypes can lead to greater crimes from the race especially when the rest of society expects them to commit crime. This can be seen in racial profiling practices by police when African Americans are stopped more by police than other races. In America the disparities in the arrests of African Americans and whites is great. Even though African Americans only make up around 15% of the population they make up almost 40% of the entire prison population. The graph shows that in American society African Americans commit more crimes than White Americans. The problem with the graph is it gives a false impression about the amount of crime actually committed by African Americans versus White Americans. The graphics shows African Americas are responsible for the largest amount of crime creating a link to crime and race. When graphics like this graphic are published it can give a false impression of crime by African Americans leading to the belief that white American commits fewer crimes. This is not the case. In fact African Americans are profiled by police causing to higher contact with police. If white Americans were stopped at the same rates as the African American then there would be a much higher rate of White Americans being arrested. According to the graph African Americans would be responsible for the largest amount of crime which is very misleading. White Americans make up the largest percentage of people in the United States and are responsible for committing two thirds of all the crimes committed in the country (USDOJ, 2012). Secondly the graph only displays street crimes which completely eliminate the white collar crimes that are prevalently committed by the White Americans. When stereotypes exist in society it can result in once race being treated unfairly by the police. Racial profiling has become such an extreme problem in society that many police stations across the nation are taking active steps to stop the behavior. Police have a duty to target people engaging in behavior that is criminal not being stopped because their skin happens to be black. When graphics such as this one are published it makes it harder for the public to change this perception. This type of statistical analysis promote racial profiling while ignoring the role white people play in committing crime. References US Department of Justice. (2012). U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012. Crime in the United States, Arrests Bulletin. .

Education

only make up around 15% of the population they make up
almost 40% of the entire prison population.
The graph shows that in American society African Americans
commit more crimes than White Americans. The problem with
the graph is it gives a false impression about the amount of
crime actually committed by African Americans versus White
Americans. The graphics shows African Americas are
responsible for the largest amount of crime creating a link to
crime and race. When graphics like this graphic are published it
can give a false impression of crime by African Americans
leading to the belief that white American commits fewer crimes.
This is not the case.
In fact African Americans are profiled by police causing to
higher contact with police. If white Americans were stopped at
the same rates as the African American then there would be a
much higher rate of White Americans being arrested. According
to the graph African Americans would be responsible for the
largest amount of crime which is very misleading. White
Americans make up the largest percentage of people in the
United States and are responsible for committing two thirds of
all the crimes committed in the country (USDOJ, 2012).
Secondly the graph only displays street crimes which
completely eliminate the white collar crimes that are
prevalently committed by the White Americans.
When stereotypes exist in society it can result in once race
being treated unfairly by the police. Racial profiling has
become such an extreme problem in society that many police
stations across the nation are taking active steps to stop the
behavior. Police have a duty to target people engaging in
behavior that is criminal not being stopped because their skin
happens to be black. When graphics such as this one are
published it makes it harder for the public to change this
perception. This type of statistical analysis promote racial
profiling while ignoring the role white people play in
committing crime.

References
US Department of Justice. (2012). U.S. Census Bureau,
Statistical Abstract of the United States:
2012. Crime in the United States, Arrests Bulletin.

Respond to the below person's DQ. Write as if you are directly speaking to them. Provide additional insight or thoughts or offer a different approach. Use in text citations and APA formatting. I gained a lot from reading my article entitled: Becoming “ Copwise “ : Policing, Culture, and the Collateral Consequences of Street –Level Criminalization. Stuart (2016) this article examines how street-level criminalization transforms the cultural contexts of poor urban communities. A recent study indicates that residents develop and deploy a particular cultural frame “ copwise ” that they can engage in new forms of self-representation they are able to manipulate the police and predict what they will do. However, one of the insights that I gained was that I did not know that people were getting more “ Copwise ” I didn’t know that people were able to manipulate the police and the Criminal Justice system. Unfortunately, a lot of crime does happen in the urban communication, it does appear that more African Americans commit crimes than any other race. However, I do not know if any other race does commit more crimes but I know that African American’s are targeted more so it does appear that way statistically. The factors that appear to contribute to the unique nature of American Crime appear to be poverty, racism and lack of opportunities for Black people. In my opinion, racism appears to be a leading factor for crimes in the United States. There are so many factors that are involved, for instances if you are a criminal or a felon or have any type of record it is really hard for you to get a good paying job which will result in frustration and people coming back to Prison. It is very difficult for African American’s to get jobs that have a clean record like myself. Unfortunately, we still face racism on a regular basis at our jobs and healthcare it is a revolving door and cycle for many African Americans. Changing demographics may impact America if the same people move into a different demographic committing the same crimes. The crime rate will increase and the racial profiling will continue. Unfortunately, people attempt to stereo-type or profile these people and you can’t. Just like the “black lives matter campaign” All lives matter, people say how can worry about the Black lives matter campaign when there is so much black on black crime? Crime is crime regardless of your race. Reference Stuart, F. (2016). Becoming " copwise ": Policing, culture, and the collateral consequences of street-level criminalization. Law & Society Review, 50(2), 279-313. Retrieved from http :// ezp . waldenulibrary . org /login? url = http ://search. proquest .com/ docivew /1790023622? accountid =14872 .

Jones 1Jones 7Kyle JonesMatthew ZimmermanEnglish 10222 N.docx

priestmanmable

Jones 1 Jones 7 Kyle Jones Matthew Zimmerman English 102 22 November 2014[Title]: [Subtitle] In 2014, we live in a world with a media saturated culture. This is the era of digital news services, of 24-hour news channels, free newspapers, and even media based applications. For the majority of us, the way in which we learn about the world outside our personal perception is through the consumption of news, mainly still through broadcast or print (OFCOM 2007). Various forms of media has fed the public statistics that created a sense of stereotyping for each particular race. For example, the media and those on film, such as politics and leaders of the government, link together race and crime, which conveys a criminal image of the public’s consumption (St. John & Heald-Moore, 1995). Since race and crime are tied together, when one thinks of a crime, hears about a crime, or when crime is being reported, race is usually associated with it. In the American society, a frequent representation of crime is that it is majorly committed by African- Americans. The view of African Americans has been distorted and twisted by the media. Without question, almost everything that is being covered by the media is believed by most of society and it becomes their actual perceptual reality. Broadcast media and other various forms of media has a history for portraying African Americans in a biased manner, as if they were mostly reported involved in crime, drugs, or acts of violence. This has led to many cases of stereotyping, racial profiling, police brutality, prejudice, inhumane acts and has brain washed most of our society into believing that almost every African American is mischievous or a threat to their well-being. African Americans are unjustly, as well as unrealistically depicted on broadcast news and various other types of mass media. These negative connotations affects more than just African- Americans but also every other culture that exists in America. African Americans have been associated with crime for quite some time. It was not until some in the 1970’s and early 1980s that the popular stereotype of the young black man evolved in the eyes of many from a petty thief or rapist into the notorious , malicious criminal predators, or what Kathery Russel ( 2002) has argued, is the world recognized “ criminalblackman”. Within the last few decades there have been controversial law enforcement practices of racial profiling. Law enforcement officials pursue minorities in an attempt to increase the likely hood of catching illegal activity or the predetermined act of illegal activity, which is part of a consequence from the racial profiling that the media has inflicted upon society. The questionable practices has led to negative effects on blacks. To the African American culture law officials are deemed more criminal or more of a threat than what the media and statistics has condemned blacks to be. The after math, after the many years of harassment, African ...

MEMOTOTamara KaurPresidentFROMJohn

AbramMartino96

MEMO TO: Tamara Kaur President FROM: John Smith Communications Manager DATE: January 31, 2020 SUBJECT: Sample Memo Format for Professional Use Begin your message by providing some brief context and orienting your audience. For the information paragraphs, provide explanations and further details. Bullet points should be used correctly. You should: · Use a list when you want to improve readability · Use the same grammatical structure for all points · Keep list items concise Your final paragraph should provide a quick summary and provide appropriate actions for the audience. JS Atayde 1 Samantha Atayde Professor Misaghi ENGL 1 2022, 2036 21 March 2021 The world is filled with unjust problems that occur on a daily basis. It is honestly hard to be able to determine which ones are more important, because it wouldn’t be right, all problems are equally important. Some unjust acts are more common in certain areas than they are in others. Although there are many problems in our world, the one problem that is imbedded within our society that has always seemed the most unjust to me: racial profiling. For those who many not know what racial profiling is, it’s honestly pretty simple, people (usually minorities) are targets simply based on their race. Something as simple as one's race can be cause for suspicion on a crime being committed. Racial profiling comes from any and everyone, but the problem with this comes when people are being racially profiled by people with power, people who we are expected to have our best interests, those who we believe with protect us. Throughout our history racial profiling has always existed, there is honestly no shortage, however within the last decade there has been a huge uproar whenever police officers commit unthinkable acts due to racial profiling. This is a major problem that has occurred in our past, continues to occur in our present, and if we do nothing, it will continue to occur in our future community. Many do not see the problem with this because it is not their category of people being targeted. They do not know the fear the minorities live with daily, or the many different precautions that minorities have to take in which they don’t. Now is the time to band together and come up with a solution to this problem. Atayde 2 In my community, racial profiling occurs on a daily basis and comes mostly from people who have some sort of power, like the Los Angeles police department officers. I also want to mention that although this occurs in my community, my community and I are not the only ones that are affected by racial profiling, as it has also occurred in other cities and other states showing it is a countrywide, and perhaps even a worldwide problem. This is not something that has no evidence to back it up, there has been proof along with statistics to prove that Los Angeles police officers are targeting minorities like Hispanics and African-Americans. However while ...

SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource

sociologyexchange.co.uk

The document discusses ethnicity and crime in the UK and USA. It provides statistics showing that ethnic minorities, particularly those of Afro-Caribbean descent, are overrepresented in crime statistics and the prison population compared to their percentage of the total population. However, victim surveys show that most crime is intra-ethnic. There are two main explanations for this: structural factors such as racism and economic marginalization increase criminality; or that discrimination in the criminal justice system results in ethnic minorities being disproportionately policed, arrested, and convicted.

Equal Rights Proposition Outline Police Brutality towards African.docx

elbanglis

Equal Rights Proposition Outline: Police Brutality towards African Americans 1 Equal Rights Proposition Outline: Police Brutality towards African Americans 5 Equal Rights Proposition Outline: Police Brutality towards African Americans Team C Derrick Jones Joseph Maestas July 23, 2019 Professor Rosalind Raby Week 3 Title: Equal Rights Proposition Outline: Police Brutality towards African AmericansA. Police Brutality Against African-Americans.a. Police brutality against African-Americans is not a new issue. It has been happening throughout history and needs to be stopped. Police brutality is prematurely ending and/or effecting the lives and communities of many African-Americans. b. This needless violence causes tremendous strain on the affected families mental and physical well-being, but also African-Americans as a whole. These actions bare the weight the United States history of violence against African-Americans and reflect the shortcomings of the criminal justice system. c. Whether the brutality is intentional or not, it sends out the message that police does not value the health, well-being, and lives of African-Americans. This is not a message that should be sent and police brutality against African American must be stopped at all costs. B. Issues, challenges, and opportunities experienced by this group in the labor forcea. Throughout history African-Americans have had a tough time in the labor force. There has been some progress, but unequal employment opportunities continue to be standard operating procedure for many African American men and women. b. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the African American unemployment rate is the lowest in history. However, they continue to face problems and challenges which are often imposed because of a lack of understanding or negative attitudes brought on racial biases although they possess the same or higher-level education than their counterparts. c. African-Americans must deal with being pushed into minority positions in meaningless jobs, not being given access to the same networks as their coworkers, working twice as hard for less wages, not being given the same opportunities for career advancements and promotion, and various other forms of discrimination.C. How society has constructed this group's identitya. The African American population in this country has always been a minority. African Americans started out in this country as slaves, and even with the abolishment of slavery and the civil rights movement, society still perceives this group as less than. b. African-Americans are seen to be associated with drugs since many of this minority live in impoverished areas where drugs are abundant. In recent years, there has been a significant focus on African-Americans and the criminal justice system and police brutality (Taylor, 2013). c. Society uses the “War on drugs” as an excuse for overtly racist behavior by law enforcement (Taylor, 2013). Today’s society associate ...

BShyenna Vega Professor Artist Writing for Crimina.docx

richardnorman90310

B Shyenna Vega Professor Artist Writing for Criminal Justice Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System April 9, 2020 The primary duties of Police Officers (lower case) are to enforce the law, protect people, protect property, and patrol around to prevent incidents from happening (cite source) . The Criminal Justice (lower case) system is broken, and people of color are treated unequally. Police officers are influencing racial biases by their judgment of suspicion. In the courtroom, race plays a big role in decision making on how much time the individual serves. Racial Police biases are the leading cause of detention within for African Americans in America. Police stops are caused by four mechanisms, which are racial profiling, stereotyping, cognitive bias, and being prejudice towards an individual (source). Police officers are makingconduct police stops with a lack of evidence in violation of the_____ amendment Amendments (state the specific amendment officers violate when making unlawful stops). According to Kenne (2017), Terry v. Ohio (ital) was a violation of the Fourth Amendment (Please restate this. The court case addressed a violation of the 4th A) Police Officers may stop a suspect on the street and frisk him or her without probable cause if the police officer believes the individual had committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. In Terry v. Ohio, police officers did an unreasonable search and seizure, and it was noticed that the police stop might be considered with the influence of racial bias (source). Discuss the four mechanisms The Fourth Amendment protects their homes, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable search and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, upon probable cause. A search is a procedure led by approved operators of the law experiencing part or the entirety of a person's property, searching for explicit things that are identified with the wrongdoing that they are motivated to accept has been submitted. A seizure occurs if the officials claim things during the search. In Terry v. Ohio was an African American man that were unlawfully searched and seizers. Proofread In Whren v. United States, the police officers violated the Fourth Amendment. Police officers used a traffic violation to stop these men. According to Keene (2017), The Police officer's racial bias may be influencing the officer's perceptions and judgments of the individual's behavior. The Fourth Amendment does require a balancing test between a search and seizures, and the harm it might cause the individual. There was nothing about the traffic violation that was harmful towards the officer for them to persuade the search and seizures, which is why the officers violated the Fourth Amendment. A Traffic violation is an act or omission that’s prohibited by the law but is not a crime. Speeding, failing to stop or yield, falling to put your signal, seat belt violations, etc. are tra.

Race and the Relevance of Citizen Complaints Against the Po.docx

catheryncouper

Race and the Relevance of Citizen Complaints Against the Police Ronnie A. Dunn Cleveland State University ABSTRACT The historically contentious relationship between the black community and the police is one of the most enduring and seem- ingly intractable challenges facing law enforcement and public officials in the United States. Given this troubled history, many cities have established civilian oversight of police to address issues of police misconduct, which are often colored by race. This article uses Albert Hirschman’s theory of exit, voice, and loyalty to explore the phenomenon of the willingness of blacks who have filed complaints against the police in the city of Cleveland to use the citizen complaint process again in the future, despite their overwhelming dissatisfaction with the complaint process, whereas whites and other minorities would not. This paper has implications for enhancing public officials’ and police administrators’ understanding of the relevance of the citizen complaint process for blacks and improving the oversight of police and police–community relations. W.E.B. Du Bois’s prophetic declaration that the major problem confronting American society in the twentieth century would be “the problem of the color line” still holds true at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. And as ominous as Du Bois’s prognostic prediction about race relations may have been, one can still sense an element of optimism in his words. As Stivers notes, “Even where the visions are dark and the prophecies dire, its [prophecy’s] impulse springs from some grain of hope about future pos- sibilities that seems to make the speaking worthwhile” (2008, p. 225). As evidenced by the election of the country’s first African-American president, significant racial progress has been made in the United States since the time of Du Bois (1868–1963), who passed away on the eve of the historic March on Washington at which Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his celebrated “I Have a Dream” speech. Yet, in spite of this incredible historic achievement 557 Administrative Theory & Praxis / December 2010, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 557–577. © 2010 Public Administration Theory Network. 1084-1806 / 2010 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/ATP1084-1806320404 558 AdminiSTrATive THeory & PrAxiS v vol. 32, no. 4 and what it suggests about racial progress in this country, many of the racial divisions and inequalities that characterized the United States in the twentieth century are still present today. In no sector of American society is this racialized reality more glaring than in the nation’s criminal justice system. While racial/ethnic group disparities exist in other segments of American society, including the gap in academic achievement, income, homeownership, the accumulation of wealth, and disparities in health, the racial disparities in incarceration are of such a mag- nitude that it can be argued that the criminal just ...

1Writing Activity 4 Final DraftShaland.docx

lorainedeserre

1 Writing Activity 4 : Final Draft Shalanda Moore ENG 215 - Research & Writing Dr. Mary Rose Kasraie September 1, 2019 Prosecutors on aggregate don’t seem to seek the death penalty more for black people than white people, though there are some gaping disparities in a few states and in some counties. Instead, the real racial bias when it comes to the death penalty pertains to the race of the victim. Killers of black people rarely get death sentences. White killers of black people get death sentences even less frequently. And far and away, the type of murder most likely to bring a death sentence is a black man who kills a white woman. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports 208,000 people are in state prisons for drug offenses. Of this number, 32 percent are white, and 68 percent are African American or Hispanic. The link to other forms of profiling suggests that there is something scientific and efficient about racial profiling. The reality is very different. Race is a social construct; not knowable by sight. Racial profiles are both over-inclusive in the sense that many, indeed most, of the people who fit into the category are entirely innocent, and under-inclusive in that many other criminals or terrorists who do not fit the profile will escape police attention. Racial profiling also faces the problems of predictability and evasion; the more predictable police profiles become, the easier it is for perpetrators to adapt to circumvent the profile. The ineffectiveness of racial profiling is illustrated by consistently low hit or arrest rates for policing actions based on racial profiling. There is surprising consistency in data coming out of the USA, the UK and Europe demonstrating similar ‘hit' or arrest rates across racial groups. In several studies, ethnic minorities are less likely to be arrested or have contraband or other ‘seizable' evidence found following a search. This refutes the proposition that minorities are more likely to be involved in crime and illustrates that racial profiling represents an ineffective use of police resources. Narrow definitions of racial profiling describe situations where actions are based solely on the basis of a person's race or ethnicity. In practice, this has allowed police forces to deny the existence of racial profiling, where activities are legally justifiable but nonetheless racially biased such as the use of pretext traffic stops. Broader definitions recognise that decisions are usually made on a number of factors including race. This wider definition reflects the fact that racial profiling may occur irrespective of whether this is a deliberate policy of targeted minority groups or routine institutional practices. Patterns of profiling can also be seen in discriminatory treatment after a stop has taken place, such decisions to go on to search, more intrusive searches, citations and arrests. Racial profiling is the use by the police of generalisations based on race, ethnicity, religion ...

Running head: RACE AND CRIME 1 RACE AND CRIME 8 Race and Crime Why Racialization of Crime in the United States News Media is Dangerous and should be stopped Introduction and Current Failings The United States news media plays a massive role in informing and educating the public not only on political issues but also on social issues like crime. Since the inauguration of President Donald Trump in 2016, he has succeeded in using fear as his political weapon (Evers, Fisher & Schaaf, 2019). One of the things that stand out in his presidency is the dishonest claim that the rates of crime have gone up, despite the national trends on violent crimes going down significantly. Trump’s fear-mongering, which seems to be working, has permitted the news media with the Center for American Progress and GBA Strategies reporting that 88 percent of Americans regard crime on the national level as a major issue and that of immediate crisis (Adamson, 2017). Whether through well-intended intentions or not, the news media are amplifying the national-level fear through constant reporting on Donald Trump, crime and how it has been racialized. Since the perception of national crime is an abstract concept to the ordinary citizens, the news media has likely been playing an out sized role in shaping the imagination of the public (Douai & Perry, 2018). Needless to say, the news media not only contributes towards the overestimation of crime statistics by members of the public through its reporting on the president’s fear-mongering and controversies but it also over reports on violent crimes, which feed destructive ethnic and racial biases about the people responsible. African American men are often over-represented as the major perpetrators of violent crimes in the United States media (Zack, 2015). For instance, one survey of late-night news outlets in the city of New York established in 2014 that the media reported on violent crimes like assault, theft and murder in which black men and women were suspects at a rate that was far higher than the actual arrest rates for the same mentioned crimes (Adamson, 2017). The study also found out that black people are vilified by the news media by presenting black crime suspects as more dangerous and threatening than those from other dominant races like the whites. The vilification is done by displaying the mug shots of African American suspects more frequently than those from the white community; depicting African American suspects in police cells more frequently; and paying deeper attention to criminal cases where the victims are strangers (Zack, 2015). Further, the news media has also played a part in worsening the racial differences and tensions between the white people and the blacks by particularly perpetuating and spread ...

Ethnicity (Crime and Deviance)

Beth Lee

The document discusses statistics on ethnic representation in prisons and alternative sources of data on offending rates. Black people are overrepresented in prisons compared to their population percentage. Victim surveys and self-report studies have found mixed or similar rates of offending across ethnic groups, challenging the stereotype of higher black criminality. However, ethnic minorities experience disproportionate stops/searches and higher arrest and conviction rates, suggesting discrimination within the criminal justice system.

SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource

sociologyexchange.co.uk

This document discusses statistics on ethnicity and crime in the UK from three perspectives: official statistics which show overrepresentation of some ethnic groups in the prison population; victimization studies which have limitations; and self-report studies which found similar self-reported offending rates across ethnic groups. It also examines evidence of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system and debates around reasons for higher criminality rates among some ethnic groups.

Violence and Popular CultureViolence exists and has existed in a.docx

dickonsondorris

Violence and Popular Culture Violence exists and has existed in all societies. In contemporary North American society, we also see violence frequently in media--from news to films to video games. These representations have been blamed for creating a culture of fear and inspiring real violence, particularly among youth. Media analysts argue that the question of media and violence must shift from a focus on violence in media to a focus on violence in our broader society. They argue that we need to make interconnections between class, gender, race and inequality in the debate on violence. This can be a difficult shift to make because contemporary media is rife with overt and subtle instances of violence. Violence is portrayed in the news, music videos, reality TV crime shows, films and video games. In the wake of the tragic shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, media pundits discussed (Opens new window) whether video game consumption was producing violent people. While this is an interesting question, in this module we do not focus on whether violent images produce violent people. Nor do we examine whether media imagery has become increasingly violent. As one scholar (Opens new window)puts it, Violence has always figured prominently in storytelling. Violent imagery has been around since hunters began scratching accounts of their exploits on the walls of caves. . . . Artifacts of Egyptian, Sumerian, Minoan, and Babylonian peoples all depict violent events, as do classical works of the ancient Greeks written 3,000 years ago. . . . The books of the Old Testament, written during the same period, are filled with accounts of genocide, war, human sacrifice, and, of course, various plagues. And as Mel Gibson so eloquently reminded moviegoers with his hugely successful film, The Passion of the Christ (2004), the biggest story of the New Testament culminates in rioting, ritual torture, and public execution. Perhaps more to the point, these grizzly stories have been repeated for centuries to children and adults alike as important works of history and religion. (Trend, The Myth of Media Violence 12-13) This is not to deny that exposure to violent images may contribute toward violent behaviour.(Opens new window) But in a sociology course like this one, our job is to examine the role popular culture's representation of violence plays in the maintenance of cultural hegemony. Video Watch Mean World Syndrome (2010). (Opens new window)According to the documentary, what are some of the myths associated with media violence? What does George Gerbner say is the reason why violence pervades the media? How does popular culture use representations of violence to perpetuate racist myths? What is "mean world syndrome" anyway? Law-and-order ideology Law-and-order ideology has been chronically present in public, media, and political discourse, but it has assumed an even larger role in recent years. Particular media portrayals of criminal justice interact with ...

Crime Waves, Fears, and Social RealityThe American criminal just.docx

willcoxjanay

Crime Waves, Fears, and Social Reality The American criminal justice system is a mirror that shows a distorted image of the dangers that threaten us—an image created more by the shape of the mirror than by the reality reflected. —Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton For decades, polls have found that people in the United States are worried about crime. A Gallup poll found that people worried their credit card information would be stolen by hackers (69%), their homes would be burglarized when they were not there (45%), their car would be stolen (42%), their child would be physically harmed while attending school (31%), they would be mugged on the streets (31%), their home would be burglarized when they were there (30%), they would be victims of terrorism (28%), they would be attacked while driving their car (20%), they would be murdered (18%), they would be the victim of a hate crime (18%), they would be sexu- ally assaulted (18%), or they would be assaulted/killed at work (7%) (Riffkin, 2014). The learning process for these fears is complex, but one contributing factor is the dissemination of crime statistics by the media and the government. (Recall our discussion of the crime clock in the first chapter.) How reli- able and valid are these statistics? Does the public’s perception of crime reflect the reality of crime? The number of people who fear crime is substantial. Perceptions about individuals who engage in criminal behavior are even more revealing. Jef- frey Reiman and Paul Leighton (2017) describe the stereotyped image: Think of a crime, any crime. . . . What do you see? The odds are you are not imagining an oil company executive sitting at his desk, calculating the costs of proper safety precautions and deciding not to invest in them. Prob ably what you see with your mind’s eye is one person attacking another physically or robbing something from another via the threat of physical attack. Look more closely. What does the attacker look like? It’s a safe bet he (and it is a he, of course) is not wearing a suit and tie. In fact, you—like us, like almost anyone else in America—picture a young, tough, lower- class male when the thought of crime first pops into your head. (p. 74) The “Typical Criminal” in the minds of most people who fear being victims of crime is poor, young, urban, and black—“threatening the lives, limbs, and possessions of the law-abiding members of society, necessitating recourse to the ultimate weapons of force and detention in our common defense” (pp. 67–68). The presidential campaign for George H. Bush in 1988 capitalized on this stereotypical image with its infamous “Willie Horton” commercials. The governor of Massachusetts, Michael Dukakis, was Bush’s opponent; his state had a highly successful prison furlough program. The Bush campaign seized on a single case where a participant in the program (Horton) committed a violent crime while on furlough. Willie Horton was an African American male whose predations were .

Crime Waves, Fears, and Social RealityThe American criminal just.docx

faithxdunce63732

Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric Due by Saturday May 12th.docx

jacqueliner9

Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric Due by Saturday May 12th at 11:59pm via TurnitIn (20% of final grade) Sociology 3480: Term Paper Rubric Sources: In addition to your text and/or readings, provide at least 5 outside sources. At least one outside source must be a peer reviewed/academic journal article. Wikipedia, personal blogs, and/or .org’s will not be accepted as valid sources. Note: Electronic copy must be uploaded to Turnitin link to check for citation accuracy Study – Gather data online (no less than 5 articles). Characterize the social issue you chose for yourself and show how it fits what is given and said about that topic in news/media. How is this different than what we have been reading in our text? Cite comparisons. Consider the social topic you chose relative to course material and answer the following questions in essay format to summarize your findings. In general, you should address the following questions in your essay: What is your social topic? What are some of the specific areas discussed in your social topic? What are the different perspectives/opposing viewpoints? How do most people get their information on your given social topic? How is it different than you imagined, than what you read about? What past research has been done on your topic? Which solutions have worked, what haven’t? (investigate: read articles and refer to your text) What new or unresolved issues/concerns have developed? What did you learn by doing this paper? (Again, use these questions to guide the general direction of your essay. Do not answer these questions individually). Surname 6 How Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Influence Police Brutality Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Date The social topic of race, ethnicity, and immigration is critical to discuss so that one can understand how these factors influence people in society. Race refers to the classification of individuals based on social or physical qualities. Ethnicity entails people’s categories based on their language, culture, ancestry, and history. In addition, immigration refers to moving and settling in a specific country temporarily or permanently. Many individuals consider race and ethnicity of residents in a particular area before migrating. In most cases, people move to places where they can find others who understand them. Currently, neighborhoods comprise of individuals who belong to the same race or ethnicity. That is why it is hard for whites to settle in areas where the majority of people living there are African Americans. Therefore, race and ethnicity are the two primary determinants of immigration in the United States of America (USA). Although many Americans have encountered police brutality, at some point in their lives, race, ethnicity, and immigration ar.

Police Brutality Argumentative Essay

Help With Paper Writing Culver City

This document summarizes an essay about police brutality. The key points are: 1) Police brutality remains a serious human rights issue in the US due to barriers to holding officers accountable for excessive use of force. 2) Investigations find police brutality persists across all cities, but systems meant to deter abuse instead guarantee officers impunity. 3) While some data on police brutality exists, it is not used effectively by administrators or prosecutors to deter future incidents. 4) Most cities now recognize reforms needed for troubled police departments, but officials are unwilling to seriously discipline officers until high-profile cases are exposed.

Problem 1Problem 2.docx

Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES.docx

Similar to Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES.docx (8)

More from ChantellPantoja184

More from ChantellPantoja184 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Possible Relationship between Crime, Race and SES.docx