Possessive Pronouns 3 26
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The document discusses contractions, which are shortened forms of two words with an apostrophe replacing dropped letters. Contractions can be formed by combining pronouns with the verbs "am", "are", "is", "will", "would", "have", "has", and "had". It notes that some contractions like "he's" can be formed from different word combinations like "he is" and "he has". The document concludes by asking the reader to complete an assignment using pronoun contractions in each sentence when describing someone's favorite things.
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This document discusses vowel changes that occur when adding prepositions to definite nouns in Hebrew. It explains that inseparable prepositions like "be", "le", and "ke" normally have a vowel of "e" but change to "a" when combined with the definite article to simplify pronunciation, such as "ba-bayit". It also notes exceptions for guttural letters, where the preposition takes the noun's first vowel, and unpronounced first letters, where the preposition uses an "i" sound. The prepositions "mi" and "she" act differently, with "mi" changing to "e" before gutturals and "she" usually keeping its "e" sound in all
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This document introduces negatives in Hebrew. It states that forming a negative in Hebrew is similar to English, where the word "lo" meaning "no" is placed before the verb to indicate a negative. The only thing needed to create a negative is to place "lo" before the verb. It notes that "lo" sounds identical to "lu" but they have very different meanings, with "lo" being the negative marker. An example is provided to demonstrate using "lo" with demonstrative pronouns like "zeh".
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This document discusses double negatives in Hebrew grammar. It explains that unlike in English, double negatives are required to be grammatically correct in Hebrew. Some common double negative expressions in Hebrew are "af pa'am" (never), "af ahad" (no one), and "shum davar" (nothing). These must be used within a sentence that already contains a negative like "lo" or "ein". The document provides examples of sentences using double negatives and also discusses the word "ela" which indicates preference between two things, and also requires a negative construction.
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The document discusses comparatives and superlatives in Hebrew. For comparatives, Hebrew uses the words "yoter" meaning "more" and "pakhot" meaning "less" with the preposition "mi" meaning "than". Some examples are given. Superlatives are formed by using "haki" meaning "most" before an indefinite adjective or the preposition "be" with "yoter/pakhot" and a definite adjective and noun. The order is important for accurate meaning.
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This document discusses vowel changes that occur when adding prepositions to definite nouns in Hebrew. It explains that inseparable prepositions like "be", "le", and "ke" normally have a vowel of "e" but change to "a" when combined with the definite article to simplify pronunciation, such as "ba-bayit". It also notes exceptions for guttural letters, where the preposition takes the noun's first vowel, and unpronounced first letters, where the preposition uses an "i" sound. The prepositions "mi" and "she" act differently, with "mi" changing to "e" before gutturals and "she" usually keeping its "e" sound in all
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This document introduces negatives in Hebrew. It states that forming a negative in Hebrew is similar to English, where the word "lo" meaning "no" is placed before the verb to indicate a negative. The only thing needed to create a negative is to place "lo" before the verb. It notes that "lo" sounds identical to "lu" but they have very different meanings, with "lo" being the negative marker. An example is provided to demonstrate using "lo" with demonstrative pronouns like "zeh".
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This document discusses question formation in Hebrew. It begins by explaining that most Hebrew questions use interrogative pronouns like who, what, when, etc. at the beginning of the sentence. It then focuses on questions using the demonstrative pronouns "zeh" and "zot", which mean "this", such as "what is this?". Gender does not need to be considered for this question. Other question words and constructions covered include "mi" meaning "who", places of origin with "from", and questions starting with prepositions.
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Guttural vowel changes
This document discusses vowel changes that occur in Hebrew verbs due to guttural letters like aleph, ayin, chet, and het. Specifically:
- Verbs ending in aleph or ayin take on a final vowel sound rather than a consonant. When suffixes are added, ayin causes the vowel to change to an "ah" sound.
- Verbs ending in chet add an extra vowel before the last consonant in the masculine form, and after the last consonant in the feminine form.
- Verbs ending in aleph behave like normal verbs but add an "e" sound instead of a consonant at the end.
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This document discusses the different types of sentences and their components. It explains that there are three main types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, and exclamatory. It also states that every complete sentence must have both a subject and a predicate. The subject is defined as the naming part that tells who or what is doing something. Examples of sentences are provided and readers are asked to identify the subject in each sentence and write their own sentence with an underlined subject.
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This document introduces the infinitive form of verbs whose first root letter is י or ה. These verbs are conjugated like hashlamim verbs in the present tense but form their infinitive differently by dropping the first root letter, adding a ת to the end, and changing the vowels to XeXeXal, such as לרדת for the verb ירד. Memorizing the root is important for recognizing these verbs in the infinitive form since they can appear similar to hashlamim verbs with just the prefix ל.
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This document discusses the irregular Hebrew verb "to hurt" (כואב). It explains that this verb is used with the possessive pronoun like "to have" in the construction of [verb] + [possessive pronoun] + [definite noun], such as "my head hurts" (הראש לי כואב). It provides examples of this construction with different pronouns and body parts. Additionally, it notes that other verbs like "hot" and "cold" follow a similar construction.
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This document discusses vowel changes that occur in Hebrew verbs due to guttural letters like aleph, ayin, chet, and het. Specifically:
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- Verbs ending in chet add an extra vowel before the last consonant in the masculine form, and after the last consonant in the feminine form.
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- Het causes no spelling changes
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This document discusses adjectives in Hebrew. It explains that adjectives in Hebrew typically follow the noun they modify, unlike in English. Adjectives take suffixes to agree with the noun in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). Attributive adjectives directly modify nouns and must agree with the noun in definiteness, while predicate adjectives follow linking verbs and do not need to agree in definiteness. Some adjectives ending in "i" retain that letter in their various forms.
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions that are used to join parts of sentences. There are coordinating conjunctions like and, but, or, nor that join words, phrases and independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions like because, if, when introduce dependent clauses. Correlative conjunctions like both...and, either...or are pairs of conjunctions used together. Conjunctive adverbs like also, however provide logical connections and are followed by commas. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of each type of conjunction.
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This document discusses the use of the definite direct object marker "et" in Hebrew and how it changes form depending on the pronoun of the direct object. Specifically:
- "Et" indicates a definite direct object and its vowel normally changes to "o" when declined.
- When declining "et" to match a direct object pronoun, a letter "vav" is inserted between "et" and the pronoun ending in most cases.
- The endings that determine the person and number of the direct object pronoun are the same as those used with the preposition "lamed", except in the third person plural forms.
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The document introduces verbs in Hebrew and binyan, the verb category system. There are seven binyanim that contain subgroups called gizrot. The lesson focuses on the binyan paal gizrat hashlemim category, which includes regular verbs without weak root letters. It provides the conjugation for the present tense of this binyan using the root LMD and the verb "to study" as an example. Suffixes are added to the root based on whether the subject is masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, or feminine plural.
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This document provides instruction on demonstrative pronouns in Hebrew. It explains that demonstrative pronouns identify specific nouns and that in Hebrew, the words for "this" and "these" change based on the noun's gender and number. For masculine singular nouns, the word "ze" is used, for feminine singular it is "zot", and for plural nouns of either gender it is "ele". Examples are given showing the demonstrative pronouns used together with definite articles before the nouns they refer to.
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This document discusses how to express the concept of "having" or "possessing" something in Hebrew. It explains that Hebrew uses the construction "There is to me/you/him/etc. something" rather than "I/you/he has something". It introduces the ...ל pronouns, which are formed by combining a preposition ל meaning "to" with subject pronouns like אני (I), and their translations like לי meaning "to me". It provides examples of how to say "There is/There is not" something using יש and אין, and how to express "having
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The document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses:
- Main clauses are independent and can stand alone as a sentence, while subordinate clauses cannot stand alone and must be joined to a main clause.
- Coordinating clauses join two independent clauses of equal importance with conjunctions like "and" or "but".
- Subordinate clauses include noun clauses that act as nouns, relative clauses that provide additional information about a noun, and adverbial clauses that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs by describing place, time, condition and more.
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The document defines pronouns and discusses their types and usage. It begins by defining pronouns as substituting other nouns and avoiding repetition. It then lists the 8 kinds of pronouns - personal, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative, relative, and possessive. Examples are provided to illustrate the different types and how they are used in sentences. The summary concludes by listing the 8 kinds of pronouns.
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses:
Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences. Adverb clauses provide more information about the main clause and usually begin with subordinating conjunctions like "before" or "because". Adjective clauses modify nouns and usually begin with relative pronouns like "who" or "that". Noun clauses can serve as the subject, object, or object of a preposition in a sentence and often begin with "that" or a question word. The same words like "when" can be used in different types of clauses depending on their function in the sentence.
Pronouns
This document discusses different types of pronouns including personal, subject, object, possessive, indefinite, reflexive, and intensive pronouns. It provides examples and lists of common pronouns. It also discusses agreeing pronouns with their antecedents and using pronouns correctly in sentences. The document is intended to teach about pronoun usage and types.
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are short words used as substitutes for proper nouns and indicate grammatical person, gender, number, and case. They include first person pronouns like I and we that refer to the speaker, second person pronouns like you that refer to the person being spoken to, and third person pronouns like he and they that refer to the person being spoken about. Personal pronouns can be subjects or objects in a sentence. The document provides examples of personal pronouns and their uses and includes links to online exercises to practice identifying personal pronouns.
Adjectiveclauses
This document discusses adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses. It defines adjective clauses as dependent clauses that modify nouns called antecedents. Adjective clauses function like adjectives by providing extra information about nouns. The document covers the placement of adjective clauses, the different types of relative pronouns used to introduce clauses, and the two types of clauses - subject clauses and object clauses. It also discusses modifying place and time within adjective clauses.
Negative adjective prefixes
Prefixes are groups of letters added to the beginning of words to change their meaning. Negative prefixes carry a meaning of "not" or "the opposite of". Common negative prefixes for adjectives include "un-" and "im-". While there are no hard rules, "un-" is generally the most common prefix, words starting with "m" often take "im-", and words starting with "p" sometimes take "im-". Additionally, words starting with "r" may take "ir-". The stress remains on the main word when prefixes are added. A dictionary should be consulted if there are doubts about prefixes.
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An interjection is a word or words that show feeling or emotion. If the interjection shows strong feeling, it stands alone and is followed by an exclamation point. If the interjection shows mild feeling, it begins the sentence and is followed by a comma. Common interjections include wow, ouch, oh, okay, whew, oops, ah, good grief, and well.
Comparing With Adjectives
The document provides rules for comparing adjectives in English. It explains that to compare two things, add "-er" to the adjective, and to compare three or more things, add "-est". It then lists six specific rules for forming comparisons for different types of adjectives based on their spelling and syllable structure. The rules cover one-syllable adjectives, adjectives ending in consonant+y, adjectives ending in e, adjectives with two or more syllables, and adjectives used with "less" or "least". Students are instructed to practice the rules by answering questions and completing an exercise in their workbooks.
Proper Adjectives
Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They identify things that come from a specific place, like Greek olives from Greece or South American games. When a proper adjective is two words, both words are capitalized, such as South American or North American. Common examples include Italian cooking, Mexican rugs, and Swiss watches.
Comparing With Adjectives
The document provides rules for comparing adjectives in English. It explains that to compare two things, add "-er" to the adjective, and to compare three or more things, add "-est". It then lists six specific rules for forming comparisons for different types of adjectives based on their spelling and syllable count, such as adding "-er"/"-est" directly to one-syllable adjectives, changing the final "y" to "i" and adding endings for adjectives ending in "y", and using "more"/"most" instead of endings for adjectives with two or more syllables. The document concludes by instructing students to practice the rules by answering questions and completing an exercise
Proper Adjectives
Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns and are always capitalized. They describe nouns that originate from or are associated with a specific place or nationality. Examples include Greek olives, South American game, North American land, Swiss watch, Mexican rug, Italian cooking, Spanish food, Russian people, Alaskan Highway, German cars, and Japanese watches.
Articles & Demonstratives
This document discusses articles and demonstrative adjectives in English grammar. It explains that a, an, and the are articles that refer to any or a particular noun. This, that, these, and those are demonstrative adjectives that indicate which noun is being referred to and whether it is close to or farther from the speaker. Examples are provided to illustrate when to use a vs an, and this vs that vs these vs those.
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns by answering what kind, which one, or how many. Adjectives can appear before the noun they describe or after a linking verb. When listing multiple adjectives, commas are usually used to separate them except when one adjective indicates how many.
Regular And Irregular Verbs
The document discusses regular and irregular verbs in English. Regular verbs form their past tense by adding "-ed" like planted and cried. Irregular verbs have special past tense forms like brought, came, and gone. There are no rules for forming the past tense of irregular verbs, but certain patterns can help remember forms like blew, grew, knew for verbs ending in "ow", "row", and "ow".
Organization Topic Sentences
The document discusses how to write organized pieces of writing by learning about writing a strong lead, placing information in the best order using transition words, sticking to the main idea, using topic sentences, and writing a strong conclusion. It explains that topic sentences are the main idea of paragraphs and act as a compass to guide the reader through the writing. It also provides an example structure for paragraphs.
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