Montenegro has a parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The Prime Minister is the head of government and leads a multi-party coalition. Executive power lies with the government while legislative power is shared between the government and the Parliament. The judiciary is independent. Key figures include President Filip Vujanović and Prime Minister Milo Đukanović, who leads the governing Democratic Party of Socialists. The country has a multi-party system without any single dominant party, requiring coalition governments. The Parliament passes laws and approves treaties and budgets. The legal system is based on separation of powers. Montenegro declared independence from Serbia in 2006.
This document summarizes the government and politics of Romania. It outlines that Romania has a semi-presidential republic system of government. It then describes the ruling and opposition political parties in Romania, including the Democratic Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, National Liberal Party, and others. It provides details on party ideologies and leaders. Tables also show the results of Romanian presidential elections held in 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2009.
Slovenia has a parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The Prime Minister is the head of government and leads a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Government of Slovenia while legislative power is shared between the National Assembly and the National Council. Slovenia has a democratically elected President who serves as head of state. The country's politics feature several political parties including the center-left Positive Slovenia and the conservative Slovenian Democratic Party.
Florence and Monaco are cities with rich histories. Florence began as a Roman settlement and became an important center of the Renaissance. Its historic center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Monaco is a city-state on the French Riviera that has been ruled by the Grimaldi family for centuries. Both cities are known for iconic landmarks like the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore and Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, and the Cathedral of Monaco and Prince's Palace in Monaco. They also have vibrant cultures with annual festivals and traditional cuisine featuring local ingredients.
Costa Brava article Trail Runner magazineElinor Fish
The document summarizes a four-day trail running tour of Spain's Costa Brava region led by guide Pablo Rodriguez. Key details include:
- Pablo takes the author and photographer on a fully supported tour of ancient villages, wineries, and trails between Girona and the French border.
- Over four days they experience the local Catalonian culture through food, history, and scenic coastal and mountain runs totaling over 100 kilometers.
- Accommodations include a cliff-top former monastery, luxury spa, and family-run boutique hotels where they sample local cuisine and wine.
The document provides information on investing in Montenegro, describing it as the "pearl of the Adriatic" and highlighting its natural beauty, climate, ports, history, and culture. Details are given about Montenegro's geography, demographics, government system, and the reasons it is an attractive place for investment, such as its political stability and tax benefits. Photos are included showing landscapes, cities, and cultural aspects of Montenegro.
Montenegro is a small Balkan country located in southeastern Europe. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, with a population of around 150,000. Montenegro uses the euro as currency and is an official candidate for EU membership. The country has a population of around 650,000 people and a predominantly mountainous terrain along the Adriatic Sea coastline.
Strategic Study on Social Economy Development in the Context of the South East Europe 2020 Strategy, provided to the Regional Cooperation Council (www.rcc.int) and national governments of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia.
The document summarizes Moldova's political system. It describes Moldova as a parliamentary representative democratic republic led by a Prime Minister. Legislative power is shared by the government and parliament, while the judiciary is independent. Key issues include relations with Transnistria and Romania and EU entry. The 101-seat unicameral parliament is elected every 4 years and appoints the President. The Prime Minister leads the government and requires parliamentary approval. Current political parties in parliament are also outlined.
This document summarizes the government and politics of Romania. It outlines that Romania has a semi-presidential republic system of government. It then describes the ruling and opposition political parties in Romania, including the Democratic Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party, National Liberal Party, and others. It provides details on party ideologies and leaders. Tables also show the results of Romanian presidential elections held in 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2009.
Slovenia has a parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The Prime Minister is the head of government and leads a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Government of Slovenia while legislative power is shared between the National Assembly and the National Council. Slovenia has a democratically elected President who serves as head of state. The country's politics feature several political parties including the center-left Positive Slovenia and the conservative Slovenian Democratic Party.
Florence and Monaco are cities with rich histories. Florence began as a Roman settlement and became an important center of the Renaissance. Its historic center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Monaco is a city-state on the French Riviera that has been ruled by the Grimaldi family for centuries. Both cities are known for iconic landmarks like the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore and Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, and the Cathedral of Monaco and Prince's Palace in Monaco. They also have vibrant cultures with annual festivals and traditional cuisine featuring local ingredients.
Costa Brava article Trail Runner magazineElinor Fish
The document summarizes a four-day trail running tour of Spain's Costa Brava region led by guide Pablo Rodriguez. Key details include:
- Pablo takes the author and photographer on a fully supported tour of ancient villages, wineries, and trails between Girona and the French border.
- Over four days they experience the local Catalonian culture through food, history, and scenic coastal and mountain runs totaling over 100 kilometers.
- Accommodations include a cliff-top former monastery, luxury spa, and family-run boutique hotels where they sample local cuisine and wine.
The document provides information on investing in Montenegro, describing it as the "pearl of the Adriatic" and highlighting its natural beauty, climate, ports, history, and culture. Details are given about Montenegro's geography, demographics, government system, and the reasons it is an attractive place for investment, such as its political stability and tax benefits. Photos are included showing landscapes, cities, and cultural aspects of Montenegro.
Montenegro is a small Balkan country located in southeastern Europe. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, with a population of around 150,000. Montenegro uses the euro as currency and is an official candidate for EU membership. The country has a population of around 650,000 people and a predominantly mountainous terrain along the Adriatic Sea coastline.
Strategic Study on Social Economy Development in the Context of the South East Europe 2020 Strategy, provided to the Regional Cooperation Council (www.rcc.int) and national governments of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia.
The document summarizes Moldova's political system. It describes Moldova as a parliamentary representative democratic republic led by a Prime Minister. Legislative power is shared by the government and parliament, while the judiciary is independent. Key issues include relations with Transnistria and Romania and EU entry. The 101-seat unicameral parliament is elected every 4 years and appoints the President. The Prime Minister leads the government and requires parliamentary approval. Current political parties in parliament are also outlined.
This document provides information on the geography, religion, and political system of Kyrgyzstan. It notes that Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, China, and Uzbekistan. The document summarizes that Islam is the dominant religion in Kyrgyzstan, accounting for 75% of the population, while Russian Orthodoxy accounts for 20%. It then provides an overview of Kyrgyzstan's political system, describing it as a parliamentary republic with an elected president and prime minister, and a unicameral legislature.
Montenegro has a population that is increasing but projected to fall. Major cities include Podgorica, Nikšić, Herceg Novi, Berane, and Bar. Notable natural features include the Bay of Kotor which is home to many dolphins, over 2,500 flamingos, and the Tara River canyon, the second largest in the world. There is potential for increased internet access as only 60% of Montenegro residents currently use the internet. The country is divided into 25 municipalities and has a directly elected president who can serve up to two 5-year terms. The 81-member parliament is elected for 4-year terms with less than 20% of seats held by women.
The document summarizes information about Hungary, including its cities, political system, and notable innovations. Some of Hungary's largest cities are Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, and Pecs. Hungary has a parliamentary republic political system divided into 19 counties. Notable Hungarian innovations include the helicopter invented by Oskar Asboth, Intel co-founder Andy Grove who was born in Hungary, and the Rubik's Cube invented by Erno Rubik.
Announced large investment into real estate sector in the Montenegro, list of major developers, and announced tenders for large projects in tourism sector
A economia de Mônaco é movimentada principalmente pelo setor imobiliário e turismo, com 2.500 quartos de hotel recebendo 225 mil visitantes anualmente. Embora o setor financeiro seja importante devido ao status de paraíso fiscal sem impostos sobre a renda, a agricultura de frutas cítricas também desempenha um papel.
The document provides information about the judicial branch and the Supreme Court. It discusses three types of jurisdiction that courts can have - concurrent, original, and appellate. It also discusses several important Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to strike down laws as unconstitutional. The document discusses how Supreme Court justices reach decisions on cases, outlining the steps from accepting a case to writing opinions. It also notes some limits on the Supreme Court's power and tools it uses to shape public policy through its rulings.
Monaco is a small country located on the French Riviera in Western Europe, bordered by France on three sides. It has an area of only 2.02 square kilometers and is divided into four administrative divisions - Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte-Carlo, and Fontvieille. Some interesting places to visit include the medieval village of Monaco-Ville, the Prince's Palace, and the Monaco Cathedral.
The document provides information about the Republic of Moldova. It begins with key facts such as the capital (Chisinau), government type (unitary parliamentary republic), official language (Romanian), area, population, and currency (Moldovan leu). It then lists some of the major cities in Moldova and provides pictures and brief descriptions of several notable historical, cultural, and natural sites around the country such as Orheiul Vechi, Soroca Fortress, Taul Park, Milestii Mici Winery, and Capriana Monastery. It concludes with images of other attractions in Chisinau and descriptions of traditional Moldovan foods.
Monaco is a small country located on the French Riviera along the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of around 35,000 people and its capital and largest city is Monaco-Ville. Monaco has a constitutional monarchy form of government led by Prince Albert II. The official languages are French, Italian, and English, with French being most commonly spoken. Tourism is a key industry for Monaco's economy.
The document discusses a musical piece titled "Jean Francois Maurice - Monaco, 28 degrees a l'ombre", which is a song written by Jean Francois Maurice about being in Monaco on a day when it was 28 degrees Celsius in the shade. The title provides information about the composer, location, and temperature mentioned in the song.
The document provides an overview of Moldova including its geography, history, political structure, economy, social structure, and culture. Some key points:
- Moldova declared independence in 1991 after being occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940-1989. Its capital is Chisinau.
- The economy relies heavily on agriculture, which represents 37% of GDP. Average salaries are low at around $72-96 per month while inflation is 8%.
- Socially, the population is around 4.2 million with Moldovans and Ukrainians being the largest ethnic groups. Most speak Moldavian, which is similar to Romanian.
- Culturally, there are important historical sites, a thriving wine industry, and
The document summarizes the political system and government of the Republic of Macedonia. It describes the country's parliamentary republic system, with an elected President as head of state and Prime Minister as head of government. It provides details on the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, as well as the major political parties and current office holders. Key figures discussed include President Gjorge Ivanov and Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski.
Croatia has a parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The President serves as head of state and is elected to a 5-year term, while the Prime Minister leads the government as head of the executive branch. Legislative power lies with the unicameral Sabor parliament. The judiciary is independent and Croatia has a three-tiered court system headed by the Supreme Court. The current President and Prime Minister are Ivo Josipović and Zoran Milanović, respectively.
Serbia has a parliamentary democracy with an elected prime minister as head of government and president as head of state. Legislative power rests with the unicameral National Assembly which has 250 proportionally elected members serving 4-year terms. The country holds elections every 4 years for the National Assembly and every 5 years for president.
Bulgaria has a parliamentary republic system of government. The prime minister is the head of government and leads a multi-party system. Executive power is held by the government while both the government and parliament hold legislative power. Since 1989 Bulgaria has transitioned from a single-party communist system to a more balanced multi-party democracy, currently led by Boyko Borisov's center-right GERB party.
Portugal has a parliamentary democratic republic government with an executive branch led by a Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Legislative power is shared between the government and the unicameral Assembly of the Republic. The two main political parties are the center-right Social Democratic Party currently in power, and the center-left Socialist Party which is now the opposition. Pedro Passos Coelho of the Social Democratic Party has been Prime Minister since 2011.
The document discusses the government and politics of the Czech Republic. It notes that the Czech Republic is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It also summarizes information about the current president, prime minister, and two major political parties - the Czech Social Democratic Party and the Civic Democratic Party.
The document provides information on the government and politics of Slovakia. It notes that Slovakia is a parliamentary republic led by President Ivan Gašparovič and Prime Minister Robert Fico. It outlines the major political parties in Slovakia and election results from 1998 to 2012, with Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy party receiving the most votes in recent elections.
This document provides information on the government and politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It details that Bosnia and Herzegovina has a parliamentary democracy established by the Dayton Accords, with power shared between a central government and the two main entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. It also describes the roles of the tripartite Presidency, Council of Ministers, Parliamentary Assembly and Office of the High Representative established by the peace agreement.
This document provides information on the geography, religion, and political system of Kyrgyzstan. It notes that Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, China, and Uzbekistan. The document summarizes that Islam is the dominant religion in Kyrgyzstan, accounting for 75% of the population, while Russian Orthodoxy accounts for 20%. It then provides an overview of Kyrgyzstan's political system, describing it as a parliamentary republic with an elected president and prime minister, and a unicameral legislature.
Montenegro has a population that is increasing but projected to fall. Major cities include Podgorica, Nikšić, Herceg Novi, Berane, and Bar. Notable natural features include the Bay of Kotor which is home to many dolphins, over 2,500 flamingos, and the Tara River canyon, the second largest in the world. There is potential for increased internet access as only 60% of Montenegro residents currently use the internet. The country is divided into 25 municipalities and has a directly elected president who can serve up to two 5-year terms. The 81-member parliament is elected for 4-year terms with less than 20% of seats held by women.
The document summarizes information about Hungary, including its cities, political system, and notable innovations. Some of Hungary's largest cities are Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, and Pecs. Hungary has a parliamentary republic political system divided into 19 counties. Notable Hungarian innovations include the helicopter invented by Oskar Asboth, Intel co-founder Andy Grove who was born in Hungary, and the Rubik's Cube invented by Erno Rubik.
Announced large investment into real estate sector in the Montenegro, list of major developers, and announced tenders for large projects in tourism sector
A economia de Mônaco é movimentada principalmente pelo setor imobiliário e turismo, com 2.500 quartos de hotel recebendo 225 mil visitantes anualmente. Embora o setor financeiro seja importante devido ao status de paraíso fiscal sem impostos sobre a renda, a agricultura de frutas cítricas também desempenha um papel.
The document provides information about the judicial branch and the Supreme Court. It discusses three types of jurisdiction that courts can have - concurrent, original, and appellate. It also discusses several important Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to strike down laws as unconstitutional. The document discusses how Supreme Court justices reach decisions on cases, outlining the steps from accepting a case to writing opinions. It also notes some limits on the Supreme Court's power and tools it uses to shape public policy through its rulings.
Monaco is a small country located on the French Riviera in Western Europe, bordered by France on three sides. It has an area of only 2.02 square kilometers and is divided into four administrative divisions - Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte-Carlo, and Fontvieille. Some interesting places to visit include the medieval village of Monaco-Ville, the Prince's Palace, and the Monaco Cathedral.
The document provides information about the Republic of Moldova. It begins with key facts such as the capital (Chisinau), government type (unitary parliamentary republic), official language (Romanian), area, population, and currency (Moldovan leu). It then lists some of the major cities in Moldova and provides pictures and brief descriptions of several notable historical, cultural, and natural sites around the country such as Orheiul Vechi, Soroca Fortress, Taul Park, Milestii Mici Winery, and Capriana Monastery. It concludes with images of other attractions in Chisinau and descriptions of traditional Moldovan foods.
Monaco is a small country located on the French Riviera along the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of around 35,000 people and its capital and largest city is Monaco-Ville. Monaco has a constitutional monarchy form of government led by Prince Albert II. The official languages are French, Italian, and English, with French being most commonly spoken. Tourism is a key industry for Monaco's economy.
The document discusses a musical piece titled "Jean Francois Maurice - Monaco, 28 degrees a l'ombre", which is a song written by Jean Francois Maurice about being in Monaco on a day when it was 28 degrees Celsius in the shade. The title provides information about the composer, location, and temperature mentioned in the song.
The document provides an overview of Moldova including its geography, history, political structure, economy, social structure, and culture. Some key points:
- Moldova declared independence in 1991 after being occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940-1989. Its capital is Chisinau.
- The economy relies heavily on agriculture, which represents 37% of GDP. Average salaries are low at around $72-96 per month while inflation is 8%.
- Socially, the population is around 4.2 million with Moldovans and Ukrainians being the largest ethnic groups. Most speak Moldavian, which is similar to Romanian.
- Culturally, there are important historical sites, a thriving wine industry, and
The document summarizes the political system and government of the Republic of Macedonia. It describes the country's parliamentary republic system, with an elected President as head of state and Prime Minister as head of government. It provides details on the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, as well as the major political parties and current office holders. Key figures discussed include President Gjorge Ivanov and Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski.
Croatia has a parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The President serves as head of state and is elected to a 5-year term, while the Prime Minister leads the government as head of the executive branch. Legislative power lies with the unicameral Sabor parliament. The judiciary is independent and Croatia has a three-tiered court system headed by the Supreme Court. The current President and Prime Minister are Ivo Josipović and Zoran Milanović, respectively.
Serbia has a parliamentary democracy with an elected prime minister as head of government and president as head of state. Legislative power rests with the unicameral National Assembly which has 250 proportionally elected members serving 4-year terms. The country holds elections every 4 years for the National Assembly and every 5 years for president.
Bulgaria has a parliamentary republic system of government. The prime minister is the head of government and leads a multi-party system. Executive power is held by the government while both the government and parliament hold legislative power. Since 1989 Bulgaria has transitioned from a single-party communist system to a more balanced multi-party democracy, currently led by Boyko Borisov's center-right GERB party.
Portugal has a parliamentary democratic republic government with an executive branch led by a Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Legislative power is shared between the government and the unicameral Assembly of the Republic. The two main political parties are the center-right Social Democratic Party currently in power, and the center-left Socialist Party which is now the opposition. Pedro Passos Coelho of the Social Democratic Party has been Prime Minister since 2011.
The document discusses the government and politics of the Czech Republic. It notes that the Czech Republic is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It also summarizes information about the current president, prime minister, and two major political parties - the Czech Social Democratic Party and the Civic Democratic Party.
The document provides information on the government and politics of Slovakia. It notes that Slovakia is a parliamentary republic led by President Ivan Gašparovič and Prime Minister Robert Fico. It outlines the major political parties in Slovakia and election results from 1998 to 2012, with Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy party receiving the most votes in recent elections.
This document provides information on the government and politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It details that Bosnia and Herzegovina has a parliamentary democracy established by the Dayton Accords, with power shared between a central government and the two main entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. It also describes the roles of the tripartite Presidency, Council of Ministers, Parliamentary Assembly and Office of the High Representative established by the peace agreement.
Denmark is a Scandinavian country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of around 5.6 million people and its capital and largest city is Copenhagen. Denmark has a constitutional monarchy and a multi-party parliamentary democracy. The dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Lutheranism, though the country has become increasingly secular. The two largest political parties are the center-left Social Democrats and the center-right Venstre party. Queen Margrethe II is the head of state and Helle Thorning-Schmidt currently serves as Prime Minister as the leader of a coalition government.
The document summarizes the political system and government of Albania. It outlines that Albania has a parliamentary representative democracy where the prime minister heads the government and multi-party system. Executive power lies with the Council of Ministers while legislative power is shared between the government and the Assembly of the Republic of Albania. The two dominant political parties are the Democratic Party of Albania and the Socialist Party of Albania.
Malta is a small island country in the Mediterranean Sea south of Sicily. It has a parliamentary democratic republic government with the President as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of government. Executive power is vested in the President and exercised through the Prime Minister and cabinet. Legislative power lies with the unicameral House of Representatives. Politics have been dominated by the center-right Nationalist Party and center-left Labour Party since independence. The current President is George Abela and the current Prime Minister is Joseph Muscat of the Labour Party.
Poland has a democratic system of government with separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislature consists of the lower Sejm chamber with 460 members elected for 4-year terms, and the upper Senate chamber with 100 members also elected for 4-year terms. The president serves as head of state for 5-year terms and has veto power over legislation. The prime minister is the head of government and leads the Council of Ministers. National elections for president and parliament are held every 4-5 years and are universal, direct, secret, equal and either proportional or majority-based. The ruling parties are Civic Platform and the Peasants Party in coalition since 2011.
Poland is a country located in Central Europe with a population of over 38 million people. It has a predominantly Catholic population and Warsaw serves as its capital and largest city. The country has a parliamentary republic government and is currently led by President Bronisław Komorowski and Prime Minister Donald Tusk. The two main political parties are the centrist Civic Platform party and the conservative Law and Justice party.
The document outlines the structure of government in the Republic of Moldova. It describes how the government implements national policy under the Constitution and oversight of Parliament. Parliament is elected and the Chairman is chosen by majority vote of deputies. The directly elected President serves as head of state and represents national sovereignty. The branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - are separate but cooperate. The Constitution is the highest law and Moldova pledges to respect international law and treaties. The nation's unity and citizens' cultural identities are protected. Moldova also proclaims permanent neutrality.
The document summarizes four minority political parties in Serbia: the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina, and the Democratic Union of Croats. It provides details on the ethnic makeup, leadership, headquarters, electoral successes, and political stances of each party.
This document compares the political systems and party systems of the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria. It finds that while Moldova has a multi-party parliamentary democratic system, Transnistria's system is more centralized and lacks true political choice. All major parties in Transnistria support Russian influence, while parties in Moldova offer a range of options on geopolitical orientation and ideology. However, Moldovan parties also rely heavily on popular leaders over clear doctrines. Overall, the document concludes that Moldova's system is more developed but still imperfect, while Transnistria's system only fakes democracy and is not a true representation of the voters' will.
The history, economy, and culture of JENA, a university city in east-central Germany and one of the most important cities in the federal state of Thuringia.
Mexico has a long history with numerous indigenous civilizations. It gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century and is now a federal presidential republic. Mexico has experienced economic challenges in recent decades due to the global financial crisis and drug violence. It has a population of over 125 million people and its largest ethnic group is Mestizo.
The major events of the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, a series of two revolutions in RUSSIA in 1917. The first revolution in March (O.S. February) deposed TSAR NICHOLAS II. The second revolution in November (O.S. October) toppled the Provisional Government and handed power to the Bolsheviks, giving way to the rise of the SOVIET UNION (U.S.S.R.), the world's first communist state.
The history of trade unions, from the dawn of the labor movement in Great Britain, mainland Europe, and the United States in the 19th century to the successes and challenges in the 20th and 21st centuries.
A presentation about socialism, a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Eindhoven is a city in the southern Netherlands located along the Dommel River. It has a population of over 229,000, making it the fifth largest city in the Netherlands. Eindhoven emerged in the early 20th century as a major business center due to the founding of Philips electronics company in 1891. While Philips relocated its headquarters, Eindhoven remains an important technology center. Eindhoven also has factories for DAF trucks and is a rail and canal transportation hub connected to nearby Eindhoven Airport. The city has several institutions of higher education including Eindhoven University of Technology and museums such as the Van Abbemuseum.
Denmark is a Scandinavian country located in Northern Europe. It has a total area of 43,094 square km and a population of over 5.6 million people. Denmark joined NATO in 1949 and the European Union in 1973, but has opted out of adopting the euro currency or participating in the EU's defense cooperation. The country has a highly developed economy and ranks highly in quality of life, education, healthcare, civil liberties and human development.
Armenia has a long history of domination by foreign empires and was the first country to adopt Christianity. It declared independence in 1918 but was invaded by Soviet Russia in 1920. Armenia has ongoing territorial disputes with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. The country has a population of over 3 million people, most of whom are ethnic Armenian. Armenia has a unitary parliamentary republic government and became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Debrecen is the second largest city in Hungary, located in the eastern part of the country. It has a long history as an important cultural and religious center, and was briefly the capital of Hungary during a revolution in the 19th century. Today, Debrecen remains an economic center with industries like pharmaceuticals and transportation links that support trade and development.
A brief history of the formerly Hungarian city Cluj-Napoca (German: Klausenburg; Hungarian: Kolozsvár; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; Yiddish: קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), a Romanian city since 1920. Historic sites are also included in this presentation.
Australia was first settled by prehistoric migrants from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years ago. Britain claimed the eastern coast in 1770 and the rest of the continent in 1829, establishing six colonies which federated in 1901 to form the nation of Australia. Today, Australia is a highly developed market economy and democratic constitutional monarchy located in Oceania between the Indian and South Pacific Oceans, with most of its population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts.
Thailand was founded as a unified kingdom in the 14th century and is the only Southeast Asian country to have avoided European colonial rule. It transitioned to a constitutional monarchy after a peaceful revolution in 1932. Located in Southeast Asia, Thailand has a tropical climate and borders Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia. Most of the population of over 68 million is ethnically Thai and Buddhist. The country has experienced political turmoil in recent decades including multiple coups.
Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located along the Volga River. The capital and largest city is Kazan. The population is mostly Tatar, with Russians as a minority. Tatarstan has a diverse economy focused on oil production, industry, and agriculture. It has a long history as part of the Golden Horde and later the Khanate of Kazan before becoming part of Russia in the 16th century.
Morocco has been ruled by a series of Muslim dynasties since the 8th century. It gained independence from France in 1956 and is now a constitutional monarchy with the king as head of state. Morocco's government includes a bicameral parliament and constitutional monarchy. The country is located in North Africa and borders the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33 million people and its largest ethnic groups are Arab-Berber. The official languages are Arabic and Berber.
After World War I, the United Kingdom established the semi-autonomous state of Transjordan which gained independence in 1946 as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel after the 1967 Six-Day War and its long-time ruler King Hussein signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, permanently surrendering Jordanian claims to the West Bank. Jordan is a relatively small country located in the Middle East between Israel, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and the West Bank, with a population of over 10 million people mostly concentrated in the capital of Amman in the northwest.
Iceland was originally settled by Norse and Celtic immigrants in the 9th-10th centuries AD. It established the world's oldest existing legislative assembly, the Althingi, in 930 AD. Iceland gained independence from Norway and Denmark in the early 20th century. The island's economy depends highly on industries like fishing and tourism. Iceland has a unitary parliamentary republic government and is known for its natural beauty, literacy rate, and Nordic social policies.
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
bangalore metro routes, stations, timingsnarinav14
Bangalore Metro, also known as Namma Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the second longest operational metro network in India after the Delhi Metro.
Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the IslandTime for Sicily
Nestled in the azure embrace of the Mediterranean, Sicily boasts a coastline dotted with breathtaking beaches. From secluded coves to lively shores, each offers a unique slice of paradise. Among the island's gems, Mondello Beach entices with its golden sands and crystal-clear waters, while San Vito Lo Capo enchants visitors with its powdery shores framed by rugged cliffs. For a taste of history and natural beauty, Scala dei Turchi beckons with its striking white cliffs, while Isola Bella captivates with its picturesque islet setting. Sicily's coastal charms await exploration, promising unforgettable seaside adventures. For more information, visit the website https://timeforsicily.com/the-top-5-beaches-in-sicily-for-this-summer/
Experience the magic of bioluminescence at Puerto Rico's Bioluminescent Bay with our guide to optimal viewing. Plan your visit during the new moon phase for vibrant displays, and consider dry season from December to April. Book a guided tour, choose calm nights, and respect the environment for an unforgettable adventure.
Explore Architectural Wonders and Vibrant Culture With Naples ToursNaples Tours
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2. Background of Montenegro’s political
system
The Politics of Montenegro function in a structure of a
parliamentary representative democratic republic, with the PM
of Montenegro heads the government and a multi-party
structure.
The government exercises executive power; legislative power
is vested in both the government and the Parliament of
Montenegro.
The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the
legislature.
3. Government of Montenegro
Capital (and largest city):
Podgorica*
Official languages: Montenegrin
Demonym: Montenegrin
Government: Parliamentary
republic
President: Filip Vujanović
Prime Minister: Milo Đukanović
Crown Prince**: Nikola II Petrović-
Njegoš
Legislature: Parliament
*The Constitution names Cetinje
as the Old Royal Capital
(prijestonica) of Montenegro.
**Honorary title.
4. Constitution
On 19 October 2007, the current Constitution of
Montenegro was approved by the Constitutional Parliament
of Montenegro.
On 22 October 2007, the Constitution was formally
proclaimed as the Constitution of Montenegro, in place of the
outdated 1992 Constitution.
The new Constitution identifies Montenegro as a civic,
democratic and environmentally friendly nation with social
justice, established by the sovereign rights of its government.
5. Executive Branch
Main office holders Current government
Office: President The Republic of Montenegro’s current
government (Влада Републике Црне
Name: Filip Vujanović Горе, Vlada Republike Crne Gore)
Party: Democratic Party of consists of the PM, the Deputy PMs,
Socialists of Montenegro and the ministers.
Milo Đukanović is Montenegro’s PM
Since: 22 March 2003
and head of government.
Office: Prime Minister The governing entity in Montenegro is
Name: Milo Đukanović the Coalition for a European
Montenegro, led by the Democratic
Party: Democratic Party of Party of Socialists of Montenegro
Socialists of Montenegro (Демократска Партија
Since: 4 December 2012 Социјалиста Црне Горе,
Demokratska Partija Socijalista
Crne Gore; DPS).
6. 2012 Election
With virtually all votes counted after the 14 October 2012 election, the
alliance of Milo Đukanović’s Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) and
two small parties looked at winning 39 seats in the 81-seat parliament.
7. President
The President of Montenegro is elected to a term of five years by
direct and secret ballots.
The President’s duties:
Represents Montenegro both domestically and abroad
Promulgates laws
Calls parliamentary elections
Recommends a PM nominee to Parliament, as well as nominees for the
president and justices of the Constitutional Court
Suggests holding a referendum
Issues pardons
Presents honors and decorations
8. Government
The Government of Montenegro is nominated through majority vote
of Parliament.
The Government:
Plans and carries out foreign policy
Assumes decrees and other laws
Puts laws into effect
Reaches global treaties
Sets up the organization and the method of functioning of the
government administration
Conducts other responsibilities as specified in the Constitution
9. Prime Minister
Montenegro’s PM supervises the Government’s work, presenting to
the Parliament the Government’s Program, with a list of
recommended ministers.
In the event of the PM’s resignation, the Government will fall apart.
10. Legislative Branch
The Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Скупштина Црне Горе,
Skupština Crne Gore) is Montenegro’s legislature.
Currently, the Parliament is made up of 81 members; each member is
elected to a term of four years.
Montenegro has a structure of multiple parties, with many parties; often,
no single party has a likelihood of obtaining power by itself, and parties
must work alongside each other to create coalition governments.
The Assembly passes all of Montenegro’s laws, approves global
treaties, names the PM, ministers, and justices of all courts, adopts the
budget, and conducts other tasks as created by the Constitution.
The Parliament may pass a no-confidence vote on the Government
through a majority of the members.
One deputy for every 6,000 voters is elected, which sequentially results
in a decrease of the total number of delegates in Montenegro’s
Assembly.
11. Parliamentary parties
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
(Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne
Gore; Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе,
DPS)
Democratic Front (Demokratski Front;
Демократски фронт, PS)
New Serb Democracy
Movement for Changes
Socialist People’s Party of Montenegro (Socijalistička
narodna partija Crne Gore;
Социјалистичка народна партија Црне Горе, SNP)
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro
(Socijaldemokratska Partija Crne Gore;
Социјалдемократска партија Црне Горе, SDP)
Positive Montenegro (Pozitivna Crna Gora;
Позитивна Црна Гора, PCG)
Bosniak Party (Bošnjačka Stranka;
Бошњачка странка, BS)
Liberal Party of Montenegro (Liberalna Partija Crne Gore;
Либерална Партија Црне Горе, LPCG)
New Democratic Power – FORCA (Forca e Re
Demokratike;
Nova Demokratska Snaga – FORCA)
Democratic Party (Partia Demokratike;
Demokratska partija, PD)
Croatian Civic Initiative (Hrvatska građanska inicijativa,
HGI)
12. Judicial Branch
Montenegro follows the standard of separation of powers; its
judicial, legislative, and executive branches are independent of each
other.
Likewise, the judiciary is self-ruling and independent.
The rulings of the courts must be in conformity with the Constitution
and Montenegro’s laws.
Nomination to a judiciary post is permanent.
14. Symbols
On 12 July 2004, a new official flag of Montenegro was adopted by the
Montenegrin legislature.
The new flag is modeled off the personal standard of King Nikola I of
Montenegro, a flag that was entirely red with a gold border, a gold coat of
arms, and the initials “НИ” in Cyrillic writing (matching with NI in the Latin
alphabet) representing King Nikola I; these initials are absent from the
current flag.
The national day of 13 July marks the date in 1878 when the Congress of
Berlin recognised Montenegro as the world’s 27th free nation and the
beginning of the first popular rebellion in Europe against the Axis Powers,
which occurred in Montenegro on 13 July 1941.
Also in 2004, Montenegro’s legislature chose a well-liked Montenegrin folk
song, “Oh the Bright Dawn of May” („Ој, свијетла мајска зоро” ; Oj, svijetla
majska zoro) , as the country’s national anthem.
Under the rule of King Nikola, the official anthem of Montenegro was Ubavoj
nam Crnoj Gori (To our beautiful Montenegro); the music was written by the
King’s son Knjaz Mirko.
15. Filip Vujanović
Born 1 September 1954 in Belgrade.
President of Montenegro since 22 May 2003;
was acting President from 25 November 2002-
19 May 2003.
Was also the PM of Montenegro from 5
February 1998-5 November 2002.
Is Montenegro’s first President since it won
independence from Serbia and Montenegro in
June 2006.
Won a landslide victory in the April 2008
presidential election; is serving his second
presidential term since 21 May 2008.
Graduated from the University of Belgrade’s Law
School.
Worked in one of the city’s Municipal Courts
from 1978-1981, and subsequently as an
assistant at the Belgrade District Court.
Moved to Titograd (now Podgorica) in 1981 at
the age of 27.
After a brief period as secretary at Titograd’s
District Court, he was a lawyer until he entered
political life in March 1993.
16. Milo Đukanović
Born 15 February 1962 in Nikšić.
PM of Montenegro since 4 December 2012.
Was also PM between 1991-1998, President
between 1998-2002, and PM again between
2003-2006.
Even though he resigned as PM in late 2006, he
reassumed the office in February 2008; resigned
again in December 2010 before he returned for
a third time two years later.
Is also the long-time leader of the Democratic
Party of Socialists, the successor of the
Montenegrin branch of the Yugoslavian
Communist Party; it thus has ruled Montenegro
since the onset of multiparty politics.
Was a close ally of Slobodan Milošević upon his
first emerge on the political scene, but in 1996,
he turned against Milošević; discarded the
customary joint Serbian-Montenegrin dream in
favour of an independent Montenegro.
Supervised the transition of the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia into the State Union of Serbia and
Montenegro and Montenegro’s increasing
division from Serbia under his leadership, which
led to his victory at the May 2006 independence
referendum.
17. Democratic Party of Socialists of
Montenegro
Governing social-democratic political party in Montenegro.
Successor of the Montenegrin branch of the Yugoslav
Communist League.
Was renamed to its current name in 1991; has ruled
Montenegro since 1991, despite becoming factionalized.
Supported a union and warm relations with Serbia from
1991-1998, under Momir Bulatović, ousted as leader in
1998 and replaced by present leader and current PM Milo
Đukanović, promoting a distance of Montenegro from
Serbia, while Bulatović’s section founded the Socialist
People’s Party of Montenegro, which backed warm ties with
Serbia under Bulatović’s leadership until he was expelled
from that party, too.
Won 39/81 seats (as the Coalition for a European
Montenegro), together with the Social Democratic Party of
Montenegro (SDP) at the most recent Montenegrin
legislative elections held on 10 September 2006, and the
right to name the Government.
Won one seat at the rerun for Albanian minority delegates;
the Forca merged its seat into DPS, with a total result of 40
seats, the required parliamentary majority.
The DPS itself acquired 32 seats, of which one was given to
the partner party Croatian Civic Initiative.
Member of Socialist International (International affiliation)
and Party of European Socialists (European affiliation).
18. Social Democratic Party of
Montenegro
Social democratic, left-wing political party in
Montenegro.
Has a support of nearly 6% of the Montenegrin
electorate, but has nonetheless successfully
played a prominent role in the republic’s
political scene during the last decade; its
importance originates from its warm relations
with Montenegro’s biggest party – the DPS and
its leader Milo Đukanović.
Allying itself with DPS and Đukanović before
the 1998 parliamentary elections permitted
SDP to enter parliament for the very first time in
its existence, what it could not do unassisted in
three prior attempts.
Remained a part of every pre-election coalition
led by Đukanović (three additional elections
ever since) since the 1998 election; thus, SDP
has additionally been involved in every
Montenegrin government.
Came out triumphant as part of a joint DPS-
SDP list that took 47 seats (out of a total of 81
seats), at the previous legislative elections held
in March 2009.
Member of Socialist International (International
affiliation) and Party of European Socialists
(European affiliation).