This document discusses the growth and development of exceptional children. It covers political philosophies that support children's rights, definitions of exceptional children, and attitudes developed by society toward exceptional children. Specifically, it addresses how society has viewed exceptional children differently over time, from rejection and institutionalization to greater acceptance and inclusion in recent decades. The document is presented by Matsy B. Tumacdang-Alvanto for an SPED 111 graduate course at the University of Cebu.

1. Political philosophy
which supports the
rights of all children
to be developed to
the fullest.
The exceptional
child.
Attitudes
developed by
society towards the
exceptional
children.
Clinical
approaches for
exceptional
children.
The concept of
individual
differences.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
PROFESSOR: NARCISO D. RABARA. Ph D.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO

2. PART 1.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

3. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

4. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

5. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

6. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

7. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

8. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

9. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

10. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

11. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

12. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

13. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

14. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

15. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

16. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

17. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

18. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-
ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER
2016)

19. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

20. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

21. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

22. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

23. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

24. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

25. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

26. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

27. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

28. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

29. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

30. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

31. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

32. PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

33. QUESTION?
WHAT’S THE LEGAL
BASIS OF OUR SPECIAL
EDUCATION IN OUR COUNTRY?
THE END OF PART 1
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

34. PART 2.
THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

35. 2. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

36. IN SUMMARY, THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD COULD
EITHER BE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

37. THEY ARE THE ONES WHO NEED
SPECIAL EDUCATION.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

38. GAGNE’S MODEL OF
GIFTEDNESS & TALENT
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

39. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

40. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

41. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

42. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

43. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

44. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

45. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

46. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

47. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

48. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

49. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

50. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

51. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

52. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

53. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

54. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

55. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

56. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

57. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

58. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

59. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

60. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

61. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

62. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

63. QUESTIONS:
1. WHO ARE THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN?
2. WHAT DOES AN EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
NEED?
THE END OF PART 2
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

64. TOWARDS THE
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PART 3. ATTITUDES
DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

65. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

66. ATTITUDES DEVELPOED BY SOCIETY TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

67. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

68. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS
THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

69. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

70. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

71. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

72. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

73. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

74. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

75. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

76. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

77. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

78. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

79. 3. ATTITUDES DEVELOPED BY SOCIETY
TOWARDS THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

80. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

81. QUESTIONS?
1. HOW DOES SOCIETY REGARD THE GIFTED AND TALENTED
AS COMPARED TO THE OTHER EXTREME?
2. DESCRIBE SOME SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES?
THE END OF PART 3
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

82. TOWARDS THE
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PART 4.
CLINICAL APPROACHES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

83. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

84. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

85. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

86. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

87. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

88. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

89. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

90. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

91. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

92. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

93. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

94. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

95. 4. CLINICAL APPROACHES FOR
EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

96. QUESTIONS?
1. DIFFERENTIATE CLINICAL APPROACH WITH
INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH.
2. WHAT COULD BE THE PRINCIPLES BEHIND
THE WHOLE LANGUAGE APPROACH IN
HANDLING LEARNERS WITH EXCEPTIONALITIES?
THE END OF PART 4
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

97. Individual differences is a cornerstone
subject area in modern psychology. In
many ways, it is the "classic"
psychology that the general public refers
to - it refers the psychology of the
person - the psychological differences
between people and their similarities.
5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)

98. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
Plato stated more than 2000 years
ago:
�No two persons are born exactly
alike; but each differs from the other
in natural endowments, one being
suited for one occupation and the
other for another.�

99. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
Individual difference psychology examines
how people are similar and how they differ in
their thinking, feeling and behaviour. No two
people are alike, yet no two people are
unlike. So, in the study of individual
differences we strive to understand ways in
which people are psychologically similar and
particularly what psychological
characteristics vary between people.

100. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
In the Western psychology approach to
individual differences, it is generally
assumed that:
* People vary on a range of
psychological attributes
* It is possible to measure and study
these individual differences

101. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
In the Western psychology approach to
individual differences, it is generally
assumed that:
* People vary on a range of
psychological attributes
* It is possible to measure and study
these individual differences

102. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
We can classify people psychologically,
according to their intelligence and personality
characteristics, for example, with moderate
success, however people are complex and
much is still left unexplained. There are
multiple and often conflicting theories and
evidence about individual differences in
psychology.

103. 5. THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
Human beings have been aware of individual
differences throughout history, e.g.
Gender differences -hunters=men,
gatherers=women
Intelligence differences - caste, class,
education, etc.
Personality differences - job specializations

104. THE END OF PART 5: THE CONCEPT OF
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)
QUESTION?
KNOWING THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES, WHAT COULD BE SOME OF
ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE TEACHING
LEARNING PROCESS?

105. THE END OF PRESENTATION.
PRESENTER: MATSY B. TUMACDANG-ALVANTO
( SPED 111 GRADUATE SCHOOL, UCU. SUMMER 2016)