The document summarizes a student project to design and fabricate a pneumatic sheet cutting machine. It includes components like a pneumatic cylinder, directional control valve, flow control valve, and cutting tool. The aim is to develop an effortless machine for small sheet metal cutting tasks. It will provide benefits like lower costs, higher accuracy, and not requiring skilled labor compared to existing manual methods. The design and working of the machine are explained along with a circuit diagram and cost analysis. Research on pneumatic valves is also reviewed from other literature.

1. “FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC SHEET CUTTING MACHINE”
Submitted By
B.E. VIII SEM(CBS) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1) Niraj Malviya 2) Sachin Kharche
3) Sangameshwa Majare 4) Shubham Katre
5) Rahul Faye
Under the Guidance of
Dr. S. M. MOWADE
HOD PRINCIPAL
A
Seminar
On
Project
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Smt. Radhikatai Pandav College of Engineering , Nagpur -440012
Session 2022-23
DR. P. S. LANJEWAR

2. CONTENTS
AIM
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
OBJECTIVES
COMPONENTS UTILISED
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW

3. AIM
 The aim of our project " Fabrication of Pneumatic Sheet Cutting Machine", is to
develop a Effortless product for completing small projects of shaping and cutting .

4. INTRODUCTION
 Sheet Metal Cutting Comes Under The Category Of Metal Working.
Metalworking Is Craft And Practice Of Working With Metals To Create
Individual Parts, Assemblies, Or Large Scale Structures.
 The Sheet Metal Cutting Process Is A Main Part Of The All Industries. Normally
The Sheet Metal Cutting Machine Is Manually Hand Operated One For Medium
And Small Scale Industries. Automation In The Modern World Is Inevitable.
 Any Automatic Machine Aimed At The Economical Use Of Man, Machine, And
Material Worth The Most. In Our Project Is Solenoid Valve And Control Timing
Unit Is Used For Automation. The Sheet Metal Cutting Machine Works With The
Help Of Pneumatic Double Acting Cylinder. The Piston Is Connected To The
Moving Cutting Tool. It Is Used To Cut The Small Size Of The Sheet Metal.
 The Machine Is Portable In Size, So Easy Transportable Automation Can Be
Achieved Through Computers, Hydraulics, Pneumatic, Robotics, Etc., Of These
Sources, Pneumatic Form An Attractive Medium For Low Cost Automation. The
Main Advantages Of All Pneumatic Systems Are Economy And Simplicity.
Automation Plays An Important Role In Mass Production.

5. PROBLEM STATMENT
 Sheet Metals are used in wide field of applications.
 Around 72% of small Industries use manual cutting machine for cutting
and shaping.
 This concept takes more human effort and time delay in finishing small
projects.
 This method also leads to less accurate output.

6. PROJECT OBJECTIVE
 Lower Production Cost
 Easy to handle
 Less Consumption of time
 Less maintenance
 High Accuracy
 Skilled labour not required

7. COMPONENTS UTILISED
 Pneumatic Cylinder
 Pneumatic direction control valve
 Flow control valve
 C frame structure
 Cutting dia

8. PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
Pneumatic cylinder(s) (sometimes known as air cylinders) are
mechanical devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a
force in a reciprocating linear motion.
Like hydraulic cylinders something forces a piston to move in the
desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod
transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved.Engineers
sometimes prefer to use pneumatic because they are quieter, cleaner, and
do not require large amounts of space for fluid storage.
Because the operating fluid is a gas, leakage from a pneumatic cylinder
will not drip out and contaminate the surroundings, making pneumatic
more desirable where cleanliness is a requirement. For example, in the
mechanical puppets of the Disney Wiki Room, pneumatic are used to
prevent fluid from dripping onto people below the puppets.

9. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
 Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in
hydraulic machinery as well as pneumatic machinery.
 They allow fluid flow into different paths from one or more sources.
 They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder which is
mechanically or electrically controlled.
 The movement of the spool restricts or permits the flow, thus it
controls the fluid flow.

10. FLOW CONTROL VALVE
 Flow Control Valves are used to reduce the rate of flow in a section of a
pneumatic circuit, resulting in a slower actuator speed.
 Unlike a Needle Valve, a Flow Control Valve regulates air flow in only one
direction, allowing free flow in the opposite direction.
Selecting the Right Flow Control Valve
 Flow rate requirements are extremely important when selecting a pneumatic
Flow Control Valve for your application.
 The speed of the related actuator is dependent upon how quickly the actuator
can be filled with air at the input and exhausted at the output.
 Pneumatic offers air Flow Control Valves in a range of styles,
configurations, and port sizes. If you’re not sure which model is right for
your specific application

11. SHEET CUTTING UNIT
 A bench shear, also known as a lever shear, is a bench mounted shear with a
compound mechanism to increase the mechanical advantage.
 It is usually used for cutting rough shapes out of medium-sized pieces of sheet
metal, but cannot do delicate work.
 For the small shear, it mostly designed for a wide field of applications.
 Light weight and easy efficient operation, yet very sturdy in construction.
 The cutting blades fitted are carefully and accurately ground to give easy, clean
quick cuts, and free of burrs.
 These special features help the operators save a great deal of their energy. But some
shearing machines can cut sheet bar and flat bar up to 10mm.

12. EXISTING SPECIAL PURPOSE
SHEET CUTTING MACHINE

13. PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Working: In the first position of lever of 5/2 DCV operate in third position , the
rod of DAC is extended out. When the lever of 5/2 DCV is shifted to first
position, DAC retracts.
Notation= 1= Input Pressure Line
5 And 3 = Exhaust Port
4 And2 = Inlet Port Cylinder

14. WORKING
• Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and
material worth the most. In our project is direction control valve is used for
automation. The sheet metal cutting machine works with the help of
pneumatic double acting cylinder.
• The piston is connected to the moving cutting tool. It is used to cut the
small size of the sheet metal. The machine is portable in size, so easy
transportable
• The compressed air from the compressor is used as the force medium for
this operation. There are pneumatic double acting cylinders control valves,
flow control valve is used. The arm from the compressor enters to the flow
control valve.
• The controlled air from the flow control valve enters to the direction
control valve. The function of control valves all of air correct time interval.
The 5/2 hand lever valve is used. In one position air enters to the cylinder
and pushes the piston so that the cutting stroke is obtained.

15. Literature survey
• Kikoi [19] developed a mathematical model of filling chamber controlled with
proportional spool valve. Use different geometry of valve output port; the aim
was defining optional geometry so that pressure response in chamber is
sufficiently linear and quick. Valve dynamics, the non linearity of the valve
effective area with respect to the coil current, and the nonlinear turbulent flow
through the valve orifice were also considered. The other construction aspects
of proportional valve were analyzed. For example, the spool spring constant
has huge influence on time of pressure response and it is possible to have this
time less than 1 sec what is demand for hydrodynamic brake.
• Chukchi [20] developed a model reference control scheme to provide control
of the valve spool displacement for a particular hydroelectrically proportional
valve. He presented the conditions by which the marginalizing feed forward
controller produces excellent velocity tracking characteristics and concluded
that the marginalizing feed forward approach has the potential for excellent
response, disturbance rejection and repeat ability when used as a single
component pressure compensated flow control device.
• Ferrari ET AL. [21] described a new semi-empirical modeling approach for
hydraulic proportional spool valves to be used in hardware-in-the-loop
simulation experiments. The model described the behavior of the whole

16. CONCLUSION
 Now we know that Pneumatic Cutting machine is very cheap as compared
to hydraulic Cutting machine.
 The range of the cutting thickness can be increased by arranging a high
pressure compressor and this machine is advantageous to small sheet metal
cutting industries as they do not need to pay on the expensive hydraulic
Cutting machine, by utilizing cutters we can perform cutting operation in
one machine.

17. COST ANALYSIS
 Pneumatic Actuator– 4700/-
 Pneumatic Control Valve – 1200/-
 Pneumatic Tubing-800/-
 Cutting Dia - 1400/-
 C Type Frame - 400/-
 Fabrication Charge- 2000/-
 Total -10,500/-

18. REFERENCE
 1] J. P. Den Hartog, Advanced Strength of Materials (McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1952), TA 405 D4,1952.; Author Name, Conference Name, year
etc[2]
 E. W. Comings, High Pressure Technology (McGraw-Hill, New York,
1956). ; Author Name, Con-ference Name, year etc[3]
 ”Adaptive Steady State Genetic Algorithm for scheduling university
exams”,AlSharafat W.S.; Al-Sharafat M.S., Networking and Information
Technology (ICNIT), 2010 International Conferenceon , vol., no., pp.70-
74, 11-12 June 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICNIT.2010.5508555

19. THANKING YOU