The document discusses several topics related to DNA repair, cancer, and menopause. It describes how the p73 protein plays a role in DNA repair and suppressing tumors in the esophagus. It also discusses how recent studies have identified new gene loci associated with age of menopause onset that are involved in DNA repair and immune function, representing opportunities to study connections between menopause and diseases.

4. The DNA containing
the genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all
known living organisms. DNA has
two processes
• DNA replication is a biological
process that occurs in all living
organisms and copies their DNA.
• DNA repair refers to a collection of
processes by which a cell identifies
and corrects damage to the DNA
molecules that encode. its genome.

6. Esophageal cancer is usually
begins in the cells that line the
inside of the esophagus.
Esophageal cancer can occur
anywhere along the esophagus,
but it occurs most often in the
lower portion of the esophagus.
More men than women get
esophageal cancer.
Taken from: http://blog.amesred.com/

7. Dysphagia and odynophagia are the
most common symptoms of
esophageal cancer. Dysphagia is the
first symptom in most patients.
Odynophagia may also be present.
Fluids and soft foods are usually
tolerated, while hard or bulky
substances (such as bread or meat)
cause much more difficulty.
Taken from: http://yobrietjimenez-
conociendolalectura.blogspot.com/2011/04/los-
alimentos.html, http://www.mybwmc.org/library/34/100181,

8. p73 is a protein related to the p53
tumor protein, it has been considered
a tumor suppressor, also this gen It is
involved in cell cycle regulation, and
induction of apoptosis.
The p73 gene encodes a protein with
a significant sequence homology and
a functional similarity with the tumor
suppressor p53. The over-expression
of p73 in cultured cells promotes a
growth arrest and/or apoptosis
similarly to p53.
Taken from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protein_TP73_PD
B_1cok.png

9. I consider that the development
of this techniques (use of the
p73) are a good advance for
the medicine and a new
opportunity for cure the cancer,
because this diseases it´s one
of the conditions that every day
kills millions of people across all
the world so, try to improve the
life of this persons it´s one of
the most important
achievements of our society
and the reason by every day be
better in all the things that we
do, we said, we think. Taken from:
http://youngatheartfrenchsforest.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/0511-
0803-2716-1630_lady_p-i-_looking_for_clues_clipart_image.jpg

11. • The menopause is formally
medically defined as the time of
the last menstrual period (or
menstrual flow of any amount,
however small).
• The transition from reproductive
to non-reproductive is the result
of a reduction in female hormonal
production by the ovaries.
• The menopause transition, and
postmenopause itself, is a natural Taken from: http://www.healblog.net/health-
news/conditions-for-menopause/
life change, not a disease state or
a disorder.

12. The new loci contained
candidate genes involved in
DNA repair and immune
function. Pathway analyses
indicated that biological
processes associated with
these loci were
exodeoxyribonuclease, NFκB
signaling, and mitochondrial
dysfunction.
Taken
from:http://www.desertangelbook.com/health-
info/menopause-hormone-therapy-increase-the-
risk-of-kidney-stones.html

13. Menopause is based on the natural or
surgical cessation of estradiol and
progesterone production by the ovaries,
which are a part of the body's endocrine
system of hormone production, in this case
the hormones which make reproduction
possible and influence sexual behavior.
Common symptoms are:
Hot Flashes
Night Sweats
Taken
from:http://www.heavenandearthessentials.com/index. Irregular Periods
php?main_page=product_info&cPath=70_86&product
s_id=1097 Loss of Libido
Vaginal Dryness

14. After reading this new, I recognize
the importance of the menopause
phenomenon like a biological
change in the woman that can
open the door to a body´s health
decrease, accelerating the aging
of the senses. In that way, a closer
study of loci focused in age of
menopause, will bring welfare for
the woman all over the world,
because this loci it´s related to
multiple diseases that are very
common and significant in the
females population and their
family.
Taken from: http://truebornrecords.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/looking-
glass-72.jpg

16.  The study of DAN repair
mechanisms is very promising to
reduce the incidence of cancer and
in the menopause process.
Taken from:http://filamfriends4ever.com/jeeps-dieta-
menopausia-precoz/

17.  The use of p73 protein
regulates the expression of
multiple DNA repair genes.
 p73 may play a tumor
suppressor role in the
esophagus and could
Taken from:
represent a target for
http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=199495180073009&commentherapies to combat
ts
esophageal cancer.

18.  The loci with application in the
menopause, contained candidate
genes involved in DNA repair and
immune function.
 The repair search reduce the effects
of menopause and the connections
between this hormonal change and
cardiovascular disease, breast
cancer, osteoporosis
Taken from: http://www.aorana.com/info/menopausia-
2/tratamientos-para-la-menopausia/

19.  L Stolk, J Perry, A Murra,J Murabito,J Visser ,K Lunetta. Thirteen New Loci
Linked to Age of Menopause Onset. DOCTORSLOUNGE [INTERNET
MAGAZINE] January 26, 2012 [ Consult date 01 February, 2012] Available
on: http://www.doctorslounge.com/index.php/news/pb/26275.
 Marino M. Protein repairs esophageal DNA damage. Vanderbilt University
Medical Center [INTERNET MAGAZINE] 25 Jan 2012 [Consult date 01
february, 2012]. Available on: http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2012/01/protein-
repairs-esophageal-dna-damage/.

20. Taken from: http://firefox-goodies-blog.blogspot.com/2011/08/thanks-for-
donating.html