Plastic
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The history of plastics dates back over 100 years. Early plastics such as celluloid and Bakelite were invented in the late 19th century but plastics production expanded greatly during World War II. In the postwar decades, plastics became widely used in applications such as car bodies, clothing, bottles, and household items due to their low cost and desirable properties. Modern communication technologies rely heavily on plastics for components.
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Reinforced rubber products combine a rubber matrix and a reinforcement material so that high rates of strength and flexibility can be achieved. The reinforcing material, usually a type of fiber, provides strength and rigidity. The rubber matrix, with low strength and rigidity, provides air-fluid tightness and supports the reinforcement materials to maintain their relative positions. These positions are of great importance as they influence the resulting mechanical properties.
Rubber and textiles have been used together, each working in combination to deliver performance in a wide range of applications, since the early days of the rubber industry in the most developed areas of the world.
For many years, sizable rubber companies, using textile reinforcement, employed their own textile technologist working alongside rubber technologists. But in the last third of the 20th century, faced with global competition and the need to control and reduce total costs, this luxury has practically disappeared, as well as large companies (especially tire companies). Most organizations now rely on their textile suppliers to provide technical knowledge and experience. As a result, the textile component for many applications is now considered in the same way as other raw materials, that is, as an existing product, which only requires introduction into the manufacturing process, without any special knowledge or understanding, and is supplied with an agreed specification, which was probably drawn up by the textile manufacturer.
Ted 219 plasticbook
This document provides an overview of plastics, including:
1. It discusses the early history of plastics from natural materials like amber to early synthetic materials like Bakelite and celluloid in the late 19th/early 20th century.
2. It outlines the development of plastics terminology and categories such as thermoplastics and thermoset plastics.
3. It includes a timeline of important developments in plastics from the 18th century to the 1950s covering materials, products, and manufacturing processes.
Ban Plastic bag
This document provides an overview of plastics, including:
- A brief history of plastics development starting in the 1860s.
- Key breakthroughs in plastics chemistry in the 1920s-1930s that led to many new products.
- Increased plastic production during World War 2 to replace scarce natural materials.
- Continued advances in engineering plastics after the war.
- Categories of plastics based on their polymerization process, processability, and chemical nature.
The document also describes plastic manufacturing processes like polymerization, extrusion, and blow film extrusion as well as common additives and issues around plastic waste disposal.
U3 a Ivybridge web 2019
This presentation was given to a u3a meeting in November 2019 and summarises issues relating to both the recovery and disposal of plastic waste.
Adhesives glue and gum
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
History and development of polymers
The document provides a history of polymer development from 1833 to the present. It notes key events and discoveries such as:
- 1833 - Coining of the term "polymer" by Berzelius
- 1920 - Staudinger proposes the macromolecular theory of polymers
- 1930s - Development of plastics as an industry with the discovery of polymers like polyethylene, nylon, and polystyrene
- 1940s - Polymers play a key role in World War 2 and postwar applications emerge in textiles, toys, packaging
- 1950s - Synthetic fibers and plastics enter widespread domestic and commercial use
- 1960s/70s - Innovation in polymer color, design, and
Sergio A. Salvi, The Advent of Plastics 1770-1964 (lecture extract)
This document discusses the history and development of plastics from 1770 to 1964. It describes how early plastics like horn, rubber, and celluloid were used to make tools, household goods, and other objects starting in the late 18th century. These early plastics were often formulated to imitate other natural materials like wood, bone, and ivory. The use of plastics grew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with new materials like ebonite and urea-formaldehyde. By the 1930s, plastics like urea-formaldehyde cups no longer tried to mimic other materials and were simply appreciated for being plastic.
Krystol Magazine 17.2
This issue travels to Monterrey, Mexico for our feature story on waterproofing the award winning ‘La Capital’ and the reinvention of Mexico’s third largest city. We also describe the importance of Life Cycle Costs by comparing conventional and sustainable building designs, and also touch on the biggest risk to structures this century.
Science cannon presentation
PVC pipes are commonly used for home projects like landscaping and plumbing, transporting over 50% of water in some countries. PVC is the third most produced plastic and is created through bonding vinyl and chloride. Piping has many uses like transporting drinking water and waste removal. There are different types of pipes and methods of joining them, like solvent welding of PVC and ABS pipes.
Week 2 what is design h istory
Design history is concerned with various design fields including architecture, product design, fashion, and graphic design. It examines how design has influenced individuals, society, and culture over time as well as how societal and cultural factors have shaped design. Studying design history provides important knowledge about vocabulary, tools, materials, and stylistic elements used in design. It also helps understand how technological, social, and political changes have impacted design. Design history is an important way to critically analyze design and contextualize one's own style, as well as study social and cultural history through everyday objects.
Museum part 2
The spinning jenny was invented to more efficiently spin cotton and wool into yarn for clothing production. Eli Whitney's cotton gin automated the separation of cotton fibers from seeds, greatly increasing productivity. Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb utilized an effective filament, high vacuum, and high resistance wiring to efficiently light homes and businesses. Louis Daguerre developed the first practical photographic process, allowing events to be captured. Alexander Graham Bell's telephone used a diaphragm and electromagnet to transmit voice conversations over wires, introducing distant communication. The first automobiles were devised, though imperfect, to provide transportation.
History of Record
This document provides a history of different forms of recording information over time, including some of the earliest innovations. It discusses cave paintings as one of the earliest forms of record from thousands of years ago. It then outlines four main types of modern records: print, web-based, audio, and film. Specific innovations are highlighted, such as Gutenberg's printing press, Edison's phonograph, Berliner's invention of the gramophone, and the development of video recording technology. The document concludes that recording technology has advanced rapidly over time, broadening the variety and scope of record media through digital and internet-based options.
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Plastic
- 11. Fada Radio model 652, "The Temple", 1946
- 12. Wind-up Toy Baby, 1960s Teddy Bear, 1960s
- 13. Olivetti Lettera 31 Typewriter, 1965 Rubik Cube, 1980s