After doing lot of search we could manage to set a network of expert collectors of seeds and plants in every part of country.
List of best variety of material we managed is given with maturation period as well as most appropriate sowing time. Our aim is to provide best service and material.
The document provides information about several medicinal plants including their binomial names, taxonomic classifications, descriptions, and key uses. It discusses Aloe Vera, describing its appearance and uses in herbal medicine, cosmetics and skin treatments. It also outlines information about Cloves, Eucalyptus, Neem, Holy Basil, and Turmeric, noting their botanical classifications and traditional uses in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine to treat various health conditions.
Rhizophora mangle, commonly known as Kandal, is a plant that contains properties that can induce a feeling of fullness in the stomach. Its botanical name is Rhizophora mangle and it belongs to the Rhizoporaceae family. In Ayurveda, it is used to treat various conditions like inflammation, diarrhea, menorrhagia, wounds, and infections. Kandal leaves contain unique acids that regulate appetite and help in weight loss by decreasing fat cell size and sugar cravings. The plant derives its common name from its ability to "fool the stomach" into feeling full for a prolonged period.
Garcinia cambogia is a tree native to South and Southeast Asia. Its fruit rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which has been used traditionally and is now a popular weight loss supplement. The document provides details on the plant's description, cultivation, active compounds, traditional uses including weight loss and digestive health, and harvesting of its fruit for medical use.
Banaba is a tropical flowering tree native to Southeast Asia. It has traditionally been used in Philippine and Indian herbal medicine to treat diabetes. Studies have found that banaba leaves and flowers contain corosolic acid and other compounds that have an insulin-like effect of lowering blood glucose. More recent research has identified specific gallotannins in banaba, such as penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose, that stimulate glucose uptake in cells and may have antidiabetic properties without promoting weight gain, making them a promising potential treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Gymnema sylvestre is a woody climber found in Indian forests. It has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes. The active compounds in the plant, called gymnemic acids, help regulate blood sugar levels by blocking sugar receptors in the intestine and stimulating insulin production. Research also suggests gymnemic acids may help control obesity by reducing sugar cravings. A hormone produced in fat cells called resistin is thought to impair insulin function and link obesity to diabetes by causing insulin resistance throughout the body.
Yellow dock root is a common weed native to Europe and Asia that is used as a medicinal herb. It grows stalks about a meter high with smooth, curled leaves. The root has many benefits as a general health tonic and is used to treat digestive issues, skin conditions, and respiratory illnesses. It has a laxative effect due to anthraquinone glycosides, which stimulate bile and digestive enzymes to relieve constipation. Yellow dock root also has anti-inflammatory properties that can alleviate joint pain from arthritis.
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds have been used for over 2000 years as a remedy for liver diseases and are still widely used today. The active constituents are flavonolignans known as silymarin, which are extracted from the seeds. Silymarin and its constituents act as antioxidants and protect and regenerate the liver from toxins, poisoning, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. However, studies on alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis have been equivocal. Milk thistle also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and other therapeutic properties. It is generally safe with few side effects, but more research is still needed to substantiate its effects.
The document provides information about several medicinal plants including their binomial names, taxonomic classifications, descriptions, and key uses. It discusses Aloe Vera, describing its appearance and uses in herbal medicine, cosmetics and skin treatments. It also outlines information about Cloves, Eucalyptus, Neem, Holy Basil, and Turmeric, noting their botanical classifications and traditional uses in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine to treat various health conditions.
Rhizophora mangle, commonly known as Kandal, is a plant that contains properties that can induce a feeling of fullness in the stomach. Its botanical name is Rhizophora mangle and it belongs to the Rhizoporaceae family. In Ayurveda, it is used to treat various conditions like inflammation, diarrhea, menorrhagia, wounds, and infections. Kandal leaves contain unique acids that regulate appetite and help in weight loss by decreasing fat cell size and sugar cravings. The plant derives its common name from its ability to "fool the stomach" into feeling full for a prolonged period.
Garcinia cambogia is a tree native to South and Southeast Asia. Its fruit rind contains hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which has been used traditionally and is now a popular weight loss supplement. The document provides details on the plant's description, cultivation, active compounds, traditional uses including weight loss and digestive health, and harvesting of its fruit for medical use.
Banaba is a tropical flowering tree native to Southeast Asia. It has traditionally been used in Philippine and Indian herbal medicine to treat diabetes. Studies have found that banaba leaves and flowers contain corosolic acid and other compounds that have an insulin-like effect of lowering blood glucose. More recent research has identified specific gallotannins in banaba, such as penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose, that stimulate glucose uptake in cells and may have antidiabetic properties without promoting weight gain, making them a promising potential treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Gymnema sylvestre is a woody climber found in Indian forests. It has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes. The active compounds in the plant, called gymnemic acids, help regulate blood sugar levels by blocking sugar receptors in the intestine and stimulating insulin production. Research also suggests gymnemic acids may help control obesity by reducing sugar cravings. A hormone produced in fat cells called resistin is thought to impair insulin function and link obesity to diabetes by causing insulin resistance throughout the body.
Yellow dock root is a common weed native to Europe and Asia that is used as a medicinal herb. It grows stalks about a meter high with smooth, curled leaves. The root has many benefits as a general health tonic and is used to treat digestive issues, skin conditions, and respiratory illnesses. It has a laxative effect due to anthraquinone glycosides, which stimulate bile and digestive enzymes to relieve constipation. Yellow dock root also has anti-inflammatory properties that can alleviate joint pain from arthritis.
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds have been used for over 2000 years as a remedy for liver diseases and are still widely used today. The active constituents are flavonolignans known as silymarin, which are extracted from the seeds. Silymarin and its constituents act as antioxidants and protect and regenerate the liver from toxins, poisoning, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. However, studies on alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis have been equivocal. Milk thistle also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and other therapeutic properties. It is generally safe with few side effects, but more research is still needed to substantiate its effects.
The document discusses whether Ramayana and the character of Rama are myth or historical fact. It provides evidence that Rama existed based on texts like Valmiki Ramayana that describe Rama's lineage and time period. It also notes legends and depictions of the Ramayana story found across various parts of Asia like Russia, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia, arguing this widespread knowledge suggests Rama was a historical figure known throughout the region prior to Christianity and Islam.
1) According to Vedic literature, the four most important aspects of the human body are prana, mun (mind), indriya (senses), and atma (soul).
2) Prana refers to oxygen and the life force that animates the body. It controls metabolism and allows the body to function. Mun is the mind that controls activities and allows us to be conscious.
3) Indriya are the senses, including the five organs of action (hands, legs, etc.) and five sensory organs (eyes, nose, etc.). They cannot function without prana and mun.
4) Atma is the soul that controls prana,
The document discusses the concepts of knowledge and ignorance according to yoga. It states that overcoming ignorance through true knowledge and virtuous acts leads to salvation. It defines four types of ignorance and explains that knowledge is understanding things as they truly are. Several steps and means for attaining salvation are outlined, including righteous conduct, discrimination between good and evil, and devotion to God. The document also explores concepts like the five sheaths of existence and the three gunas, or qualities of nature.
The Gayatri Mantra has great scientific importance according to modern astrophysics. It describes the movement of the earth, planets, and galaxies generating the primordial sound of "Om." It instructs meditating on the light of stars/suns to realize the formless divine, and prays for the divine to guide our intellect aright. The mantra hints that kinetic energy from galaxy movement balances cosmic energy consumption, and other religions later adopted the syllable "Om" with slight changes.
Insulin plant is a relatively new entrant to Kerala and India. Insulin plant has not got a Malayalam name yet, except the occasional use of insulin chedy or insulin chedi, where chedy means a plant. The catchphrase of this plant is a leaf a day keeps diabetes away.The plant is characterized by large fleshy looking leaves. It grows very quickly. Propagation is by stem cutting. It grows in slightly shady areas.Diabetes patients are advised to chew down a leaf in the morning and one in the evening for a month. Allopathic doctors too recommend it and it is found to be effective in bringing blood sugar levels under completely under control. There is also dried and ground powder of the leaves now available in the market.
* With FBS below 200, take ONE leaf daily before breakfast and drink a glass of water
* With FBS above 200, take TWO leaves in the morning and TWO at night on a daily basis.
Compost is simply decomposed organic material. The organic material can be plant material or animal matter. While composting may seem mysterious or complicated, it’s really a very simple and natural process that continuously occurs in nature, often without any assistance from mankind. If you’ve ever walked in the woods, you’ve experienced compost in its most natural setting. Both living plants and annual plants that die at the end of the season are consumed by animals of all sizes, from larger mammals, birds, and rodents to worms, insects, and microscopic organisms. The result of this natural cycle is compost, a combination of digested and undigested food that is left on the forest floor to create rich, usually soft, sweet-smelling soil. Backyard composting is the intentional and managed decomposition of organic materials for the production of compost, that magical soil enhancer that is fundamental to good gardening. Anyone can effectively manage the composting process.
Herbal Cultivation….Increased Profits
"Nature Herbs" takes pleasure to introduce the most efficacious way of "Cultivating profits From Farm". We are affluent with traditional as well as scientific knowledge to enrich and add value to land through cultivating Medicinal Herb Plants, Crops, and Seeds.
Sowing
Crop can be grown either by seed or vegetative propagation.root cutting
Root stumps
Stem cutting (100 kg cuttings/ha) but indicates that transplanting of seedling gives better yield.ManuringWell rotten FYM @ 25-30 tones/ha during land preparations.
Spacing45 x 30 cmSeed CollectionFruits matured during January -"February are collected and immediately kept for drying in shade. Plumpy matter should be removed by rubbing the seeds.HarvestingPlants are dugged out after 2-3 years pf plantation. At the time of digging, soil must be moist, weight of harvested material sjjpnlcll be reduced by 40 % by air drying method and stored in store house.YieldYield of the dry roots varies from .1800 to 2000 kg/ha depending upon the crop condition (4 kg root/plant). Keep in air tight container in 7-10 cm pieces of root with 10 - 12 % moisture. It is used as anti-hypertensive and sedative drags. Intestional disorder etc. roots contain important alkaloids viz. Ajmatine, Serpentine, Raulfine (0.13 to 0.31 %).
Coleus is a crop that gives quality returns, as its every part is sold, from shoot to root. We procure handsome profit on selling its roots but an additional bonus is its shoot part, which is used as planting material. Coleus Forskohlii Herb available with us is used in urinary ailments. It also reduces the Blood pressure. Forskholii is extracted from coleus dry roots and it is an important constituent found in medicines related to heart.
Brahmi is found in humid and warmer parts of the world. It is a common creeping succulent herb branches profusely and starts rooting at the nodes. The succulent leaves are sessile, opposite, decussate, obovate-oblanceolate in shape, 1.0-2.5 cm x 0.4-1.0 cm in size. It is found in damp or marshy areas near streams or on the border of ponds, throughout India. The herb is generally confused with another herb – Centella asiatica that is morphologically different from that of Brahmi. The entire plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as a nerve tonic and cure for epilepsy and insanity. It is also being used as diuretic and for treating rheumatism, asthma, and hoarseness. Besides this, it has got good potency in controlling of cough, fever, diabetes and snakebite. Because of its inherent potential of enhancing memory and vitality, this miracle plant is gaining attention for its commercial cultivation. The memory enhancing activity of the herb has been attributed to saponin glycosides- bacosides –A and B. This plant is considered among one of the “ Celestial drugs” (Divya ausadhi) when consumed with milk for 6 months.
This document provides information on over 100 different herbs, including their names, descriptions, and uses. It includes culinary, medicinal, and ornamental herbs. Many of the herbs listed are beautiful additions to gardens and attract pollinators like butterflies and bees. Several herbs have potent medicinal properties and health benefits as well. The document encourages growing a variety of herbs and provides contact information to learn more.
Retailers respond positively when branded manufacturers send them online orders from their e-commerce sites. The survey found that retailers increase purchases from brands that send them online orders, stock more of their products, and see increased in-store sales. Additionally, retailers pay more attention to brands that launch retail-integrated e-commerce and will reduce working with brands that compete directly with retailers by selling online to consumers.
This document provides tips for optimizing the ecommerce site navigation and landing pages. It discusses testing pages across browsers and devices, using clear calls to action, and ensuring the navigation is consistent, limited in options, and visually indicates the active page. Reducing page load times and increasing trust signals are also covered. The guide emphasizes testing pages thoroughly to improve conversion rates.
1. The document shows revenue and average revenue per user (ARPU) for telecom companies in different regions of India for quarters ending March 2012 and June 2012.
2. Revenue increased for most companies compared to the previous quarter, with the largest increases seen in Maharashtra, UP East, and Bihar.
3. Overall revenue for all of India increased by 7.52% between the periods.
The document provides subscriber figures for major Indian telecom circles for June and July 2012. The key details are:
- Delhi circle saw the highest number of subscribers at over 28 million in June, growing by 0.5% to over 28 million in July.
- Mumbai had over 22 million subscribers in June, growing by 0.27% to over 22 million in July.
- The total subscribers across all major metro cities was over 76 million in June, growing by 0.62% to over 77 million in July.
In July 2012, India had 679.05 million total GSM subscribers, an increase of 1.7 million from the previous month. Airtel added the most subscribers in July at 1.5 million, primarily in the state of Karnataka. Airtel also had the most total GSM subscribers of any operator at 188.81 million. The state of Uttar Pradesh East had the most total subscribers of any state at 58.96 million. The circle of A saw the fastest subscriber growth of any circle at 0.27%.
- The document provides subscriber figures for various mobile operators in India for June and July 2012, including Aircel, Bharti Airtel, BSNL, Idea, Loop Mobile, MTNL, Vodafone Essar and Uninor.
- It shows the number of subscribers, market share, and month-over-month growth for each operator segmented by city/circle.
- Bharti Airtel had the largest number of subscribers in July 2012 at over 188 million, followed by Aircel at over 65 million and Vodafone Essar at over 154 million.
1. The document provides revenue and average revenue per user (ARPU) data for major telecom companies in India for two quarters - January to March 2012 and April to June 2012.
2. Total industry revenue increased from Rs. 1101.77 crores to Rs. 1162.52 crores from the previous quarter, a growth of 5.51%, while average ARPU declined from Rs. 72.98 to Rs. 71.03.
3. Individual company revenues and ARPUs saw increases and decreases across regions depending on the company and region.
This document provides numerous marketing tips for businesses and professionals. It suggests improving one's image, preparing an elevator pitch and website, giving something meaningful away, publishing articles online, researching oneself online, using business cards effectively, working with others, having a written marketing plan, developing automated systems, maintaining compelling materials, finding the right clients, using client suggestions, marketing as a team, and more. The overall message is the importance of a comprehensive and strategic marketing approach.
The document discusses whether Ramayana and the character of Rama are myth or historical fact. It provides evidence that Rama existed based on texts like Valmiki Ramayana that describe Rama's lineage and time period. It also notes legends and depictions of the Ramayana story found across various parts of Asia like Russia, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia, arguing this widespread knowledge suggests Rama was a historical figure known throughout the region prior to Christianity and Islam.
1) According to Vedic literature, the four most important aspects of the human body are prana, mun (mind), indriya (senses), and atma (soul).
2) Prana refers to oxygen and the life force that animates the body. It controls metabolism and allows the body to function. Mun is the mind that controls activities and allows us to be conscious.
3) Indriya are the senses, including the five organs of action (hands, legs, etc.) and five sensory organs (eyes, nose, etc.). They cannot function without prana and mun.
4) Atma is the soul that controls prana,
The document discusses the concepts of knowledge and ignorance according to yoga. It states that overcoming ignorance through true knowledge and virtuous acts leads to salvation. It defines four types of ignorance and explains that knowledge is understanding things as they truly are. Several steps and means for attaining salvation are outlined, including righteous conduct, discrimination between good and evil, and devotion to God. The document also explores concepts like the five sheaths of existence and the three gunas, or qualities of nature.
The Gayatri Mantra has great scientific importance according to modern astrophysics. It describes the movement of the earth, planets, and galaxies generating the primordial sound of "Om." It instructs meditating on the light of stars/suns to realize the formless divine, and prays for the divine to guide our intellect aright. The mantra hints that kinetic energy from galaxy movement balances cosmic energy consumption, and other religions later adopted the syllable "Om" with slight changes.
Insulin plant is a relatively new entrant to Kerala and India. Insulin plant has not got a Malayalam name yet, except the occasional use of insulin chedy or insulin chedi, where chedy means a plant. The catchphrase of this plant is a leaf a day keeps diabetes away.The plant is characterized by large fleshy looking leaves. It grows very quickly. Propagation is by stem cutting. It grows in slightly shady areas.Diabetes patients are advised to chew down a leaf in the morning and one in the evening for a month. Allopathic doctors too recommend it and it is found to be effective in bringing blood sugar levels under completely under control. There is also dried and ground powder of the leaves now available in the market.
* With FBS below 200, take ONE leaf daily before breakfast and drink a glass of water
* With FBS above 200, take TWO leaves in the morning and TWO at night on a daily basis.
Compost is simply decomposed organic material. The organic material can be plant material or animal matter. While composting may seem mysterious or complicated, it’s really a very simple and natural process that continuously occurs in nature, often without any assistance from mankind. If you’ve ever walked in the woods, you’ve experienced compost in its most natural setting. Both living plants and annual plants that die at the end of the season are consumed by animals of all sizes, from larger mammals, birds, and rodents to worms, insects, and microscopic organisms. The result of this natural cycle is compost, a combination of digested and undigested food that is left on the forest floor to create rich, usually soft, sweet-smelling soil. Backyard composting is the intentional and managed decomposition of organic materials for the production of compost, that magical soil enhancer that is fundamental to good gardening. Anyone can effectively manage the composting process.
Herbal Cultivation….Increased Profits
"Nature Herbs" takes pleasure to introduce the most efficacious way of "Cultivating profits From Farm". We are affluent with traditional as well as scientific knowledge to enrich and add value to land through cultivating Medicinal Herb Plants, Crops, and Seeds.
Sowing
Crop can be grown either by seed or vegetative propagation.root cutting
Root stumps
Stem cutting (100 kg cuttings/ha) but indicates that transplanting of seedling gives better yield.ManuringWell rotten FYM @ 25-30 tones/ha during land preparations.
Spacing45 x 30 cmSeed CollectionFruits matured during January -"February are collected and immediately kept for drying in shade. Plumpy matter should be removed by rubbing the seeds.HarvestingPlants are dugged out after 2-3 years pf plantation. At the time of digging, soil must be moist, weight of harvested material sjjpnlcll be reduced by 40 % by air drying method and stored in store house.YieldYield of the dry roots varies from .1800 to 2000 kg/ha depending upon the crop condition (4 kg root/plant). Keep in air tight container in 7-10 cm pieces of root with 10 - 12 % moisture. It is used as anti-hypertensive and sedative drags. Intestional disorder etc. roots contain important alkaloids viz. Ajmatine, Serpentine, Raulfine (0.13 to 0.31 %).
Coleus is a crop that gives quality returns, as its every part is sold, from shoot to root. We procure handsome profit on selling its roots but an additional bonus is its shoot part, which is used as planting material. Coleus Forskohlii Herb available with us is used in urinary ailments. It also reduces the Blood pressure. Forskholii is extracted from coleus dry roots and it is an important constituent found in medicines related to heart.
Brahmi is found in humid and warmer parts of the world. It is a common creeping succulent herb branches profusely and starts rooting at the nodes. The succulent leaves are sessile, opposite, decussate, obovate-oblanceolate in shape, 1.0-2.5 cm x 0.4-1.0 cm in size. It is found in damp or marshy areas near streams or on the border of ponds, throughout India. The herb is generally confused with another herb – Centella asiatica that is morphologically different from that of Brahmi. The entire plant is used in indigenous system of medicine as a nerve tonic and cure for epilepsy and insanity. It is also being used as diuretic and for treating rheumatism, asthma, and hoarseness. Besides this, it has got good potency in controlling of cough, fever, diabetes and snakebite. Because of its inherent potential of enhancing memory and vitality, this miracle plant is gaining attention for its commercial cultivation. The memory enhancing activity of the herb has been attributed to saponin glycosides- bacosides –A and B. This plant is considered among one of the “ Celestial drugs” (Divya ausadhi) when consumed with milk for 6 months.
This document provides information on over 100 different herbs, including their names, descriptions, and uses. It includes culinary, medicinal, and ornamental herbs. Many of the herbs listed are beautiful additions to gardens and attract pollinators like butterflies and bees. Several herbs have potent medicinal properties and health benefits as well. The document encourages growing a variety of herbs and provides contact information to learn more.
Retailers respond positively when branded manufacturers send them online orders from their e-commerce sites. The survey found that retailers increase purchases from brands that send them online orders, stock more of their products, and see increased in-store sales. Additionally, retailers pay more attention to brands that launch retail-integrated e-commerce and will reduce working with brands that compete directly with retailers by selling online to consumers.
This document provides tips for optimizing the ecommerce site navigation and landing pages. It discusses testing pages across browsers and devices, using clear calls to action, and ensuring the navigation is consistent, limited in options, and visually indicates the active page. Reducing page load times and increasing trust signals are also covered. The guide emphasizes testing pages thoroughly to improve conversion rates.
1. The document shows revenue and average revenue per user (ARPU) for telecom companies in different regions of India for quarters ending March 2012 and June 2012.
2. Revenue increased for most companies compared to the previous quarter, with the largest increases seen in Maharashtra, UP East, and Bihar.
3. Overall revenue for all of India increased by 7.52% between the periods.
The document provides subscriber figures for major Indian telecom circles for June and July 2012. The key details are:
- Delhi circle saw the highest number of subscribers at over 28 million in June, growing by 0.5% to over 28 million in July.
- Mumbai had over 22 million subscribers in June, growing by 0.27% to over 22 million in July.
- The total subscribers across all major metro cities was over 76 million in June, growing by 0.62% to over 77 million in July.
In July 2012, India had 679.05 million total GSM subscribers, an increase of 1.7 million from the previous month. Airtel added the most subscribers in July at 1.5 million, primarily in the state of Karnataka. Airtel also had the most total GSM subscribers of any operator at 188.81 million. The state of Uttar Pradesh East had the most total subscribers of any state at 58.96 million. The circle of A saw the fastest subscriber growth of any circle at 0.27%.
- The document provides subscriber figures for various mobile operators in India for June and July 2012, including Aircel, Bharti Airtel, BSNL, Idea, Loop Mobile, MTNL, Vodafone Essar and Uninor.
- It shows the number of subscribers, market share, and month-over-month growth for each operator segmented by city/circle.
- Bharti Airtel had the largest number of subscribers in July 2012 at over 188 million, followed by Aircel at over 65 million and Vodafone Essar at over 154 million.
1. The document provides revenue and average revenue per user (ARPU) data for major telecom companies in India for two quarters - January to March 2012 and April to June 2012.
2. Total industry revenue increased from Rs. 1101.77 crores to Rs. 1162.52 crores from the previous quarter, a growth of 5.51%, while average ARPU declined from Rs. 72.98 to Rs. 71.03.
3. Individual company revenues and ARPUs saw increases and decreases across regions depending on the company and region.
This document provides numerous marketing tips for businesses and professionals. It suggests improving one's image, preparing an elevator pitch and website, giving something meaningful away, publishing articles online, researching oneself online, using business cards effectively, working with others, having a written marketing plan, developing automated systems, maintaining compelling materials, finding the right clients, using client suggestions, marketing as a team, and more. The overall message is the importance of a comprehensive and strategic marketing approach.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
1. www.natureherbs.org 2012
Plant Material
After doing lot of search we could manage to set a network of expert collectors of seeds
and plants in every part of country.
List of best variety of material we managed is given with maturation period as well as
most appropriate sowing time. Our aim is to provide best service and material.
(I) ORNAMENTAL & FORESTRY SEEDS (SHOBHADAR TATHA VANVRAKSH)
( II ) CONIFERS ( SHANKUDHARI )
( III ) BAMBOOS ( BAANS )
( IV ) FODDER CROP SEEDS ( PASHU CHAAREY KE BEEJ )
( V ) LAWN GRASS SEEDS ( LAWN GRASS KA BEEJ )
( VI ) PALMS ( TAAG VARG )
( VII ) FRUIT SEEDS ( FRUITS KE BEEJ )
( VIII ) HEDGE SEEDS ( JHADI LAGANE KE BEEJ )
( IX) FLOWERING SHURBS
( X ) MEDICINAL PLANTS SEEDS ( AUSHADHIYA PEDO KE BEEJ )
Maturation Most Apporpiate
Botanical Name Hindi Name
Period Sowing Time
( I ) ORNAMENTAL & FORESTRY SEEDS (SHOBHADAR TATHA
VANVRAKSH)
Acacia arabica (A. nilotica) Babul , Kikar Apr-May Apr-May
Australian
Acacia auriculaeformis babul, Dal May-Apr May-Apr
Mooth
Acacia catechu Khair, Katha Jan-Feb Mar-Apr
Silwan Vatal,
Acacia dealbata Dec-Jan Mar-Apr
Pahadi Babul
Green Vatal ,
Acacia decurrens Dec-Jan Mar-Apr
Hara Babul
Acacia leucocephala White, Kikar May-June May-June
natureherbs@ymail.com | +91 841 888 5555
6. www.natureherbs.org 2012
Melia Compostia (M.dubai) Badi Bacane Dec-Jan Mar-Apr
Mesua Ferrea Nag Kesar Dec-Jan Mar-Apr
Michelia Champaca Swarn Champa Aug-Sep Aug-Sep
Milletia Ovalifolia Taug Ka Jaav July-Sep July-Sep
Mimusops Elengi (SL) Maulshree Apr-May Apr-May
Mimusops Hexandra Khirni June-July June-July
Moringa Pterygosperma (PKI) Sahajan May-June May-July
Morus alba-White mulbery Shahtut Safeda Apr-May Apr-May
Morus Indica Deshi Shahtut Apr-May Apr-May
Nyctanthes Arboristris Har Singar
Ougenia Dallbergioides Saandan June-July June-July
Morus alba-ptefgosperma Sahjan May-June May-June
Parkia Roxburghii (P. javanica) Silheet Apr-May Apr-May
Parkia
Parkia biglandulosa Apr- May Apr- May
Biglandulosa
Gulmohar Pilay
Peltophorum ferrugineum Dec- Jan Mar- Apr
Phool
Phyllanthus emblica Amala Jan- Feb Mar- Apr
Pithecolobium Retgia (Delonix Gulmohar,
regia) Krishna Chuda
Polylthea longifolia (SL) Ashok July- Aug July- Aug
"Longifolia var pendula (SL) Pendula Ashok July- Aug July- Aug
Karanj, Sukh -
Pongamia pinnata (P.glabra) Jan- Feb Mar- Apr
Chain
Shami, Kabuli
Prosopis juliflora (P.chinensis) Apr- June
Kikar
Prosopis cineraria (P.speigera) Chonkar, jaad Apr- June Apr- June
Prunus puddum Won Cherry Apr- June Apr- June
Pterocarpus marsupium Bija Sal June- July June- July
Pterospermum accerifolium Kanak Champa Jan - Feb Mar- Apr
Putranjiva roxburghii-Child Life Putra Jiva (Jiya -
Jan- Feb Mar- Apr
tree Puta)
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Pithecolobivm Saman (Rain
June - July Apr - July
tree)
Terminalia
Rerminalia myriocarpa
Myriocarpa
Thespesia nerifolia Pila Kaner
Quercus incana (SL) Baj Oct - Nov Nov - Dec
Quercus Serrata (SL) Baj Oct - Nov Nov - Dec
Madgasar palm,
Ravenala madagascariensis
Yatri palm
Robinia Pseudoacacia-Locust
Rubinia Oct - Nov Mar- Apr
tree
Salmalia malabarica Semal Lal Apr - May Apr - May
Santalum album Safed Chandan May - June June - July
Santalum Saritalinus Lal Chandan
Sesbsnia grandiflora August, wasna June - Aug June - Aug
Sapindus mukorossii Reetha Oct - Nov Mar- Apr
Saplum sebiferum Taar Charbi Sept - Oct Mar- Apr
Saraca Indica (S.osaca)(SL) Sita- Ashok June - Aug June - Aug
Schleichere trijuga (S.deosa) Kusum / Kamni Aug - Sept Aug - Sept
Shorearobusta (SL) Saal
Spathodea campanlata Tulip Apr - May Apr - May
Sterculia alata Streculia Ala Feb - Mar Mar- Apr
Streculia Urens
Streculia Fioetida
Strychnos nux-vamica Kuchla Apr - June Apr - June
Sweitenia
Sweitenia mycophylla Mar - Apr Mar- Apr
mycophylla
Sweitenia mahagony Mahagony Mar - Apr Mar- Apr
Tabebuia avellahedae
Tabebuia baccata Thuner
Tecoma
Tecoma argentea (SL) Dec- Jan Mar- Apr
Argentea
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Tecoma stans Tecoma Stans Dec- Jan Mar- Apr
Tecoma
Recoma Undulata Mar - Apr Mar- Apr
Undulata
Tectona grandis Sagoon Sangwan Dec- Jan Apr - May
Tectona grandis (pre-heated) Dec- Jan Mar- Apr
Tamindus Indica Imli June - July June - July
Terminalia arjuna Arjun Jan - Feb Mar- Apr
Terminalia belerica Baheda Jan - Feb Mar- Apr
Terminalia catappa Jungli Badam Aug - Oct Aug - Sept
Terminalia chebula Haradh Feb - Mar Mar- Apr
Terminalia tomentosa Sain Feb - Mar Mar- Apr
Tabebuia Rosea
Terminalia
Terminalia Myriocarpa
Myriocarpa
Trewia nudiflora Gamhar Sep - Oct Mar - Apr
Wrightia tinctoria Doodhi Sep - Oct Mar - Apr
( II ) CONIFERS ( SHANKUDHARI )
Araucaria cookii Christmas Tree July - Sep July - Sep
Araucaria
Araucaria badwallia June - July July - Aug
badwallia
Araucaria
Araucaria cunninghamii June - July July - Aug
cunninghamii
Araucaria excelsa May - June May - June
Agathis robesta Agathis July July
Cedrus deodara Deodara Sep - Oct Nov - Feb
Crytomeria japonica Japani Sidaar Sep - Nov Sep - Nov
Cupressus arizonica Saru May - June May - June
Cupressus cashmeriana Cashmer Saru Sep - Nov Sep - Nov
Cupressus funebris Vipran Saru Sep - Nov Sep - Oct
Cupressus macrocarpa Pahadi Saru Sep - Oct Sep - Oct
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Cupressus sempervirens Tajmahal Saru Sep - Nov Sep - Oct
Cupressus torulosa Surai Sep - Nov Sep - Oct
Pinus excelsa Kail Sep - Oct Nov - Feb
Pinnus geratdiana Cheelgoja Sep - Nov Mar - Apr
Pinus Khasia Khasi Chid Apr - May Apr - May
Pinus petula Ushandesh Chid Apr - May Apr - May
Pinus roxburghii Samanya Chid Apr - May Sep - Oct
Podocarpus gracilior Podocarpus Aug - Sep Aug - Sep
Picea smithiana (Spruce) Spruce Nov - Dec Jan - Feb
Taxodium mucronatum Daldali Saru July - Sep July - Sep
Thuja campacta Morpankhi Gol Aug - Sep Sep - Oct
Morpankhi
Thuja oncehtalis Aug - Sep Sep - Oct
Lambi
( III ) BAMBOOS ( BAANS )
Bambusa Nutans
Bambusa Vaugris only cutting &
Peela Bass ( Each )
Plants
Bambusa Ventriosa (Lota
Lota Bass ( Each )
bamboo)
Bambusa Bambos
Katela Bass May - June May - June
(B.arundinacea)
Dendrocalamus calostachyus Mota Bass May - June Mar - June
Dendrocalamus gigenteus Khokala Bass May - June Mar - June
Dendrocalamus strictus Chadi Bass May - June Mar - June
Dendrocalamus Hamilbonni
( IV ) FODDER CROP SEEDS ( PASHU CHAAREY KE BEEJ )
Cenchrus ciliaris Tanjana Ghaas June - July Mar - Sep
Cenchrus setigerus Ghaman Ghaas June - July Mar - Sep
Cynodon dactylon Doob Ghaas Apr - May June - July
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Dinanath Dinanath Mar - Sep
Vilayati Ghaas,
Medicago saliva June - July Mar - Sep
Lusaran
Melilotus parviflora (M.indica) Nimethi June - July Mar - Sep
Red clover Lal Clover June - July June - July
Stylosanthus humata Humata June - July Mar - Sep
Stulosanthus scabra Scabra June - July Mar - Sep
Trigolium
Barsin June - July Mar - Sep
Alexaindrlum(Clover)
( V ) LAWN GRASS SEEDS ( LAWN GRASS KA BEEJ )
Cynodondactylon Doob Ghaas Apr-May June-July
( VI ) PALMS ( TAAG VARG )
Areca Catechu Areca Nutpalm Feb - Mar Feb -Mar
Caryoto urens Machli Palm May - July May - June
Cycus Revolata (Seed)
(Blub Small Big Bulbs available)
Livistona chinensis (L-
Cheeni Palm Feb - Mar July - Sep
mauritiana)
Livistona jenkinsiana Asami Palm July - Sep July - Sep
Oreodoza regia Bottle Palm May - Aug May - July
Phoneix acullis Khajur Palm Apr - May May - June
Phoneix dactylifera Khajur May - June May - June
Phoneix rupicola Khajur Palm July - Aug July - Aug
Phoneix sylvstris Khajur May - June May - June
Pitchardia grandis (Lucoia Pitchardia
Oct - Nov Nov - Dec
grandis) PalmÂ
( VII ) FRUIT SEEDS ( FRUITS KE BEEJ )
Achras sapota Chikoo
Aegle marmelos Bel Apr - May Apr - May
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Anacardium-occidontale Kaju Aug - Sep Sep - Oct
Anona squamosa Sharifa May - June Apr - June
Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal May - June Apr - June
Artocarpus Lakooch Lakooch May - June Apr - June
Carica (popaya) coorg Papita
Apr - June
Honeydew Honeydew
Ranchi Bona
Carica (popaya) Ranchi Apr - June Apr - May
Papita
Carica (Popaya) Mammothlarge Deshi Bada Apr - June Apr - May
Jiglans Regia (Akrot) Sep - Oct Oct - Mar
Carica (Popaya )Washington Washington Apr - June Apr - May
Calsanea Sativa (Chasnut) Sep - Oct OctÂ
Citrus aurantifolia Kagaji Nimboo July - Nov May - Apr
Citrus maxima Chakotara Nov - Jan Mar - Apr
Engenia jambolana Jamun
Grewia asiatica Faalsa Apr - June Apr - June
Maushmee Maushmee Jan - Feb Jan - Feb
Amrud
Prisium (Gauava) Allahabadi June - Sep July - Aug
Allahabadi
Prisium (Gauava) Red Fleshed Amrud Lal June - Sep July - Aug
Amrud lucknow
Psidium Gauaval L-49 Aug - Sep Oct - Nov
L- 49
Punica granatum Anar
Phyllanthus Emblica Amala Jan - Feb Mar - Apr
Zizyphus Jujuba Ber
Zizyphus mauritana Ber Gola May - June May - June
( VIII ) HEDGE SEEDS ( JHADI LAGANE KE BEEJ )
Acacia farnesiana Jhadi Babool Apr - June Apr - May
Dadonea visoca Sannata June - July Mar - July
Duranta Piumieri Chureta Sep - Oct Mar - Apr
Lowsonia alba Mehndi June - July Mar - July
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Murraya Exotica Kamini Dec - Jan Dec - Jan
Murraya Konghii Kaddi Patta June - July June - July
Rakinsonia
Parkinsonia aculeatap May - June Apr - June
aculeata
Pithecolobium duice Jungle Jalebi June - July Apr - June
Sesbania aegyptica Jayanti May - June Mar - June
( IX) FLOWERING SHURBS
Radha Chura ,
Caesalpinia pulcherima
Chota Gulmohar
Cassia alata Daad Madran
Cassia glauca Peeli Jhadi
Cassia auriculata Takhar
Cassia laevigata Kesiya Laevigata
Indigofera tinctoria Neel
( X ) MEDICINAL PLANTS SEEDS ( AUSHADHIYA PEDO KE BEEJ )
Azadirachta indica Neem
Lata Kasturi/
Ablemos Chub Moschotus
Mushakdana
Adrus precataris Gunja , Ratti
Acacia concina Shikakai
Antignonalba (Creeper)
Acorus Calamus (Rhiazone) Vach
Aloe Barbadensis Dhrit Kumari
Anacyclus Pyrethrum Akarkara
Andographis Paniculata Kalmedh
Arferia Speciosa Vidara
Asparagus Racemosus Shataavar
Abroma Augesta Ulat Kambal
Bakuchi
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