3. Definition
The selection from among alternatives
for future courses of action for the
enterprise as a whole and each
department with it.
Koontz & O’Donnell
4. Planning is the selection and relating
of facts and the making and using of
assumptions regarding the future in
the visualisation and formulation of
proposed activities believed necessary
to achieve desired results.
George Terry
5. Planning is the thinking process, the
organised forecast, the vision based
on fact and experience that is required
for intelligent action.
Alfred & Beatty
6. Planning is about…
Planning is about learning
Planning is about increasing the
possibilities for the organisation
Planning is about discovering how fit
the organisation is for its environment
Planning is about discovering and
telling compelling stories about the
future
7. Planning is not about…
Planning is not about predicting the
future
Planning is not about writing a
detailed road map into the future
Planning is not about a few people
writing a vision statement & then
getting ‘buy-in’ from everyone else
8. Nature / characteristics
of Planning
1. Is Goal-oriented – focus on objectives
2. Has reference to future
3. Is the primary function of management
4. Involves choice – decision making
process
5. Is an intellectual (mental) exercise
6. Is all pervasive
9. 7. Is both long and short range
8. Is continuous
9. Is actionable
10. Is flexible
11. Is an integrated system – unity &
consistency – formulation of policies,
procedures, programmes and strategies
12. Is efficient
10. Essentials of a good plan
1. Based on clearly defined objectives
2. Rationale and appropriate
3. Simple
4. Comprehensive
5. Enables proper analysis and classification
of actions
