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3. Planning: Concept,
importance and limitation
Planning process : Describe
the steps in the process of
planning.

4. GAIL’s main Priorities:
 Gas Sourcing, Transmission, Marketing,
Processing, Petro Chemicals, Globalization
& City Gas Distribution
 GAIL’s plans for acquiring an Exploration &
Production Company abroad
 8 joint venture companies to implement city
gas projects
 GAIL’s plans to diversify into telecom -
GAILTEL

5. “Planning is deciding in advance what to do,
how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.
It bridges the gap from where we are to
where we want to go. It makes it possible for
things to happen.”
-Koontz and O’Donnell
“The act of thinking and deciding a course
of action, spelt out in detail is called
planning”

6.  Deciding in advance
 Basic managerial function
 Closely connects with creativity and
innovation
 Bridges the gap from where we are to where
we want to go

7.  Done by managers at all levels
 It involves making a choice from alternative
courses of action to achieve the desired
objectives
 Concerned with both ends and means
 Importance of time factor in planning

8.  Planning is a primary function of
management. Base for all other functions of
management.
 Planning focuses on achieving objectives.
(purposeful)
 Planning is all-pervasive. Required at all
levels and all departments of the
organisation. Scope differs in different levels
and departments
 Planning is a continuous process

9.  Planning is forward-looking/futuristic in
nature. It is peeping into the future ,
analysing and predicting it.
 Planning involves decision making. The
need for planning arises only when
alternatives are available.
 Planning is a mental exercise. Foresight,
intelligent imagination, sound judgment,
comparative analysis etc are pre requisite to
planning

10.  Planning provides direction
 Planning reduces the risk of
uncertainty
 Planning reduces overlapping and
wasteful activities

11.  Planning promotes innovative ideas
 Planning facilitates decision making
 Planning establishes standards for
controlling

12.  Planning leads to Rigidity
 Planning may not work in a
dynamic environment
 Planning reduces creativity
 Planning involves huge cost
 Planning is time consuming
 Planning does not guarantee
success

20. External Limitations:
Political Climate
Labour Unions
Technological Changes
Policies of the Competitors
Natural Calamities

21. Internal limitations:
 Human Psychology
 Doesn’t guarantee
Success
 Prompt Action Difficult
 Time Constraints
 Rigidity of Policies
and Procedures
 Subordinates’ Initiative
Stifled
 Expenses Involved

22. 1. Setting Objectives:
 For the entire organisation/
Department/ Unit
 It has to percolate down to each unit
and employees at all levels
 When the end result is clear, it
becomes easier to work towards the
goal

23. 2. Developing Premises:
 Assumptions about the future are called
Premises
 Assumptions are the base material upon
which the plans are drawn
 Base material may be in the form of
forecasts, existing plans or any past
information about policies
 Forecasting is very important in
developing premises

24. 3. Identifying Alternative Courses of
Action:
 Alternatives should be generated and
thoroughly discussed amongst the
members of the organisation
4. Evaluating Alternative Courses:
 Positive and Negative aspects of each
proposal need to be evaluated in the light
of the objectives to be achieved

25. 5. Selecting an alternative:
The ideal plan – most
feasible, profitable and with
least negative consequences
6. Implementing the Plan
7. Follow Up

28. 1Objectives: Desired future position that the
management would like to reach
2. Strategy: A comprehensive plan for
achieving the organisation objectives.
Comprehensive plan includes 3 dimensions:
 Determining long term objectives
 Adopting a particular course of action
 Allocating resources necessary to achieve
the objectives

29. 3. Policy: they are general statements that
guide thinking…. Provide a basis for
interpreting strategy which is usually stated
in general terms
They define the broad parameters with in
which a manager may function
4. Procedure: Routine stepson how to carry out
activities
5. Method: Manner in which a task has to be
performed considering the objective

30. 6. Rule: Specific Statements that inform what is
to be done.
7. Programme: They are a detailed statements
about a project which outlines the objectives,
policies, procedures, rules, tasks, human
and physical resources required and the
budget to implement any course of action
8. Budget: A Statement of expected results
expressed in numerical terms. It’s a plan
which quantifies future facts and figures.